Szczepienia a stwardnienie rozsiane Artykuł przeglądowy
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Opublikowane:
cze 30, 2021
Słowa kluczowe:
stwardnienie rozsiane, szczepienia, szczepionki żywe atenuowane, szczepionki inaktywowane, cykl szczepień
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Abstrakt
Infekcje u chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane (SM, sclerosis multiplex) powodują zwiększenie ryzyka wystąpienia rzutu choroby, a rzuty związane z infekcją mają cięższy przebieg. Często powodują trwały deficyt neurologiczny, a w badaniach neuroobrazowych jest wykazywana aktywność choroby. Wystąpienie niektórych infekcji u osób z SM poddanych terapii lekami modyfikującymi przebieg choroby jest obarczone ponadto większym niż standardowe ryzykiem groźnych powikłań oraz wysoką śmiertelnością. Większości z tych infekcji można skutecznie zapobiegać, stosując szczepienia. Z tego powodu aktualne wytyczne zalecają przeprowadzenie u każdego pacjenta z rozpoznaniem SM screeningu w kierunku chorób infekcyjnych (w tym serologicznego) oraz jak najszybsze wykonanie brakujących szczepień, co zapobiega opóźnieniom przy rozpoczynaniu leczenia czy zmianie leków immunomodulujących lub immunosupresyjnych w przyszłości. Podkreślany jest brak związku przyczynowego pomiędzy szczepieniem a możliwością wystąpienia rzutu choroby, wywołania SM, jak również progresją niepełnosprawności. W artykule przedstawiono zasady przeprowadzania szczepień u chorych na SM w zależności od rodzaju stosowanej szczepionki (żywa atenuowana/inaktywowana), stosowanego leczenia hamującego postęp choroby oraz sytuacji epidemiologicznej związanej z pandemią zakażeń wirusem SARS-CoV-2.
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Numer
Dział
Artykuły
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Bibliografia
1. Correale J, Fiol M, Gilmore W. The risk of relapses in multiple sclerosis during systemic infections. Neurology. 2006; 67: 652-9.
2. Lublin FD, Baier M, Cutter G. Effect of relapses on development of residual deficit in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2003; 61: 1528-32.
3. Marrodan M, Alessandro L, Farez MF et al. The role of infections in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2019; 25: 891-901.
4. Reyes S, Ramsay M, Ladhani S et al. Protecting people with multiple sclerosis through vaccination. Pract Neurol. 2020; 20: 435-45.
5. Sirbu CA, Florea AA, Ghinescu MC et al. Vaccination in multiple sclerosis – Challenging practices (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020; 20: 217.
6. Loebermann M, Winkelmann A, Hartung H-P et al. Vaccination against infection in patients with multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012; 8: 143-51.
7. Moiola L, Barcella V, Benatti S et al. The risk of infection in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies: A Delphi consensus statement. Mult Scler. 2020; 1352458520952311. Online ahead of print.
8. Riva A, Barcella V, Benatti S et al. Vaccinations in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Delphi consensus statement. Mult Scler. 2020; 1352458520952310. Online ahead of print.
9. Papeix C, Donze C, Lebrun-Frénay C et al. Infections and multiple sclerosis: Recommendations from the French Multiple Sclerosis Society. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2021; S0035-3787(21)00602-0. Online ahead of print.
10. Farez MF, Correale J, Armstrong MJ et al. Practice guideline update summary: Vaccine preventable infections and immunization in multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2019; 93: 584-94.
11. Lebrun C, Vukusic S; French Group for Recommendations in Multiple Sclerosis (France4MS) and the Société Francophone de la Sclérose En Plaques (SFSEP). Immunization and multiple sclerosis: Recommendations from the French multiple sclerosis society. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019; 31: 173-88.
12. Confavreux C, Suissa S, Saddier P et al. Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Vaccinations and the risk of relapse in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344: 319-26.
13. DeStefano F, Verstraeten T, Jackson LA et al. Vaccinations and risk of central nervous system demyelinating diseases in adults. Arch Neurol. 2003; 60: 504-9.
14. Farez MF, Correale J. Immunizations and risk of multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2011; 258: 1197-206.
15. Hapfelmeier A, Gasperi C, Donnachie E et al. A large case-control study on vaccination as risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2019; 93: e908-e16.
16. Langer-Gould A, Qian L, Tartof SY et al. Vaccines and the risk of multiple sclerosis and other central nervous system demyelinating diseases. JAMA Neurol. 2014; 71: 1506-13.
17. Mailand MT, Frederiksen JL. Vaccines and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. J Neurol. 2017; 264: 1035-50.
18. Mailand MT, Frederiksen JL. Vaccines and multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017; 136: 49-51.
19. Scheller NM, Svanström H, Pasternak B et al. Quadrivalent HPV vaccination and risk of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. JAMA. 2015; 313: 54-61.
20. Cordonnier C, Einarsdottir S, Cesaro S et al. Vaccination of haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Guidelines of the 2017 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 7). Lancet Infect Dis. 2019; 19: e200-e12.
21. Giovannoni G. Disease-modifying treatments for early and advanced multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2018; 31: 233-43.
22. Killestein J, Du Pasquier R, Hemmer B. Vaccination in B-cell-depleted patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2020; 95: 613-4.
23. Croce E, Hatz C, Jonker EF et al. Safety of live vaccinations on immunosuppressive therapy in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, solid organ transplantation or after bone-marrow transplantation – A systematic review of randomized trials, observational studies and case reports. Vaccine. 2017; 35: 1216-26.
24. Geretti AM, Brook G, Cameron C et al. British HIV Association guidelines on the use of vaccines in HIV-positive adults 2015. HIV Med. 2016; 17(suppl 3): s2-s81.
25. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 58: 309-18.
26. Pellegrino P, Carnovale C, Perrone V et al. Efficacy of vaccination against influenza in patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of concomitant therapies. Vaccine. 2014; 32: 4730-5.
27. Wiedermann U, Sitte HH, Burgmann H et al. Impfungen bei Immundefekten / Immunsuppression – Expertenstatement und Empfehlungen. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2016; 128(suppl 4): 337-76.
28. Williamson EML, Chahin S, Berger JR. Vaccines in multiple sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2016; 16: 36.
29. Eftekharian MM, Mousavi M, Hormoz MB et al. Multiple sclerosis and immunological-related risk factors: results from a case-control study. Hum Antibodies. 2014; 23(1-2): 31-6.
30. Sestili C, Grazina I, La Torre G. HBV vaccine and risk of developing multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021; 17(7): 2273-8.
31. Massa J, Munger KL, O’Reilly EJ et al. Serum titers of IgG antibodies against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and risk of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2009; 208(1-2): 141-2.
32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ACIP general best guidance for immunization: timing and spacing of immunobiologics. 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/timing.html#t-03.
33. Tseng HF, Smith N, Sy LS et al. Evaluation of the incidence of herpes zoster after concomitant administration of zoster vaccine and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. Vaccine. 2011; 29: 3628-32.
34. Farez MF, Correale J. Yellow fever vaccination and increased relapse rate in travelers with multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2011; 68: 1267-71.
35. Zrzavy T, Kollaritsch H, Rommer PS et al. Vaccination in multiple sclerosis: Friend or foe? Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 1883.
36. Bar-Or A, Calkwood JC, Chognot C et al. Effect of ocrelizumab on vaccine responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. The VELOCE study. Neurology. 2020; 95: e1999-e2008.
37. www.szczepienia.pzh.gov.pl (access: 1.09.2021).
38. Pawłowska M, Flisiak R, Gil L et al. Profilaktyka reaktywacji zakażeń HBV – rekomendacje grupy roboczej profilaktyki reaktywacji HBV. Acta Haematologica Polonica. 2019; 50: 192-8.
39. Nojszewska M, Kalinowska A, Adamczyk-Sowa M et al. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) in patients with multiple sclerosis: a statement by a working group convened by the Section of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology of the Polish Neurological Society. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2021; 55: 8-11.
40. Stanowisko PTN dotyczące szczepień przeciwko wirusowi SARS-CoV-2 obecnie dostępnymi w Polsce szczepionkami (firm: Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca oraz Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) u pacjentów chorujących na stwardnienie rozsiane (access: 11.08.2021).
41. Ciotti JR, Valtcheva MV, Cross AH. Effects of MS disease-modifying therapies on responses to vaccinations: A review. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020; 45: 102439.
2. Lublin FD, Baier M, Cutter G. Effect of relapses on development of residual deficit in multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2003; 61: 1528-32.
3. Marrodan M, Alessandro L, Farez MF et al. The role of infections in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2019; 25: 891-901.
4. Reyes S, Ramsay M, Ladhani S et al. Protecting people with multiple sclerosis through vaccination. Pract Neurol. 2020; 20: 435-45.
5. Sirbu CA, Florea AA, Ghinescu MC et al. Vaccination in multiple sclerosis – Challenging practices (Review). Exp Ther Med. 2020; 20: 217.
6. Loebermann M, Winkelmann A, Hartung H-P et al. Vaccination against infection in patients with multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2012; 8: 143-51.
7. Moiola L, Barcella V, Benatti S et al. The risk of infection in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with disease-modifying therapies: A Delphi consensus statement. Mult Scler. 2020; 1352458520952311. Online ahead of print.
8. Riva A, Barcella V, Benatti S et al. Vaccinations in patients with multiple sclerosis: A Delphi consensus statement. Mult Scler. 2020; 1352458520952310. Online ahead of print.
9. Papeix C, Donze C, Lebrun-Frénay C et al. Infections and multiple sclerosis: Recommendations from the French Multiple Sclerosis Society. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2021; S0035-3787(21)00602-0. Online ahead of print.
10. Farez MF, Correale J, Armstrong MJ et al. Practice guideline update summary: Vaccine preventable infections and immunization in multiple sclerosis: Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2019; 93: 584-94.
11. Lebrun C, Vukusic S; French Group for Recommendations in Multiple Sclerosis (France4MS) and the Société Francophone de la Sclérose En Plaques (SFSEP). Immunization and multiple sclerosis: Recommendations from the French multiple sclerosis society. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2019; 31: 173-88.
12. Confavreux C, Suissa S, Saddier P et al. Vaccines in Multiple Sclerosis Study Group. Vaccinations and the risk of relapse in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344: 319-26.
13. DeStefano F, Verstraeten T, Jackson LA et al. Vaccinations and risk of central nervous system demyelinating diseases in adults. Arch Neurol. 2003; 60: 504-9.
14. Farez MF, Correale J. Immunizations and risk of multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2011; 258: 1197-206.
15. Hapfelmeier A, Gasperi C, Donnachie E et al. A large case-control study on vaccination as risk factor for multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2019; 93: e908-e16.
16. Langer-Gould A, Qian L, Tartof SY et al. Vaccines and the risk of multiple sclerosis and other central nervous system demyelinating diseases. JAMA Neurol. 2014; 71: 1506-13.
17. Mailand MT, Frederiksen JL. Vaccines and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. J Neurol. 2017; 264: 1035-50.
18. Mailand MT, Frederiksen JL. Vaccines and multiple sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand. 2017; 136: 49-51.
19. Scheller NM, Svanström H, Pasternak B et al. Quadrivalent HPV vaccination and risk of multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. JAMA. 2015; 313: 54-61.
20. Cordonnier C, Einarsdottir S, Cesaro S et al. Vaccination of haemopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Guidelines of the 2017 European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL 7). Lancet Infect Dis. 2019; 19: e200-e12.
21. Giovannoni G. Disease-modifying treatments for early and advanced multiple sclerosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2018; 31: 233-43.
22. Killestein J, Du Pasquier R, Hemmer B. Vaccination in B-cell-depleted patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2020; 95: 613-4.
23. Croce E, Hatz C, Jonker EF et al. Safety of live vaccinations on immunosuppressive therapy in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, solid organ transplantation or after bone-marrow transplantation – A systematic review of randomized trials, observational studies and case reports. Vaccine. 2017; 35: 1216-26.
24. Geretti AM, Brook G, Cameron C et al. British HIV Association guidelines on the use of vaccines in HIV-positive adults 2015. HIV Med. 2016; 17(suppl 3): s2-s81.
25. Rubin LG, Levin MJ, Ljungman P et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2013 IDSA clinical practice guideline for vaccination of the immunocompromised host. Clin Infect Dis. 2014; 58: 309-18.
26. Pellegrino P, Carnovale C, Perrone V et al. Efficacy of vaccination against influenza in patients with multiple sclerosis: The role of concomitant therapies. Vaccine. 2014; 32: 4730-5.
27. Wiedermann U, Sitte HH, Burgmann H et al. Impfungen bei Immundefekten / Immunsuppression – Expertenstatement und Empfehlungen. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2016; 128(suppl 4): 337-76.
28. Williamson EML, Chahin S, Berger JR. Vaccines in multiple sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2016; 16: 36.
29. Eftekharian MM, Mousavi M, Hormoz MB et al. Multiple sclerosis and immunological-related risk factors: results from a case-control study. Hum Antibodies. 2014; 23(1-2): 31-6.
30. Sestili C, Grazina I, La Torre G. HBV vaccine and risk of developing multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2021; 17(7): 2273-8.
31. Massa J, Munger KL, O’Reilly EJ et al. Serum titers of IgG antibodies against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids and risk of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2009; 208(1-2): 141-2.
32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ACIP general best guidance for immunization: timing and spacing of immunobiologics. 2019. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/acip-recs/general-recs/timing.html#t-03.
33. Tseng HF, Smith N, Sy LS et al. Evaluation of the incidence of herpes zoster after concomitant administration of zoster vaccine and polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine. Vaccine. 2011; 29: 3628-32.
34. Farez MF, Correale J. Yellow fever vaccination and increased relapse rate in travelers with multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 2011; 68: 1267-71.
35. Zrzavy T, Kollaritsch H, Rommer PS et al. Vaccination in multiple sclerosis: Friend or foe? Front Immunol. 2019; 10: 1883.
36. Bar-Or A, Calkwood JC, Chognot C et al. Effect of ocrelizumab on vaccine responses in patients with multiple sclerosis. The VELOCE study. Neurology. 2020; 95: e1999-e2008.
37. www.szczepienia.pzh.gov.pl (access: 1.09.2021).
38. Pawłowska M, Flisiak R, Gil L et al. Profilaktyka reaktywacji zakażeń HBV – rekomendacje grupy roboczej profilaktyki reaktywacji HBV. Acta Haematologica Polonica. 2019; 50: 192-8.
39. Nojszewska M, Kalinowska A, Adamczyk-Sowa M et al. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna) in patients with multiple sclerosis: a statement by a working group convened by the Section of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology of the Polish Neurological Society. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2021; 55: 8-11.
40. Stanowisko PTN dotyczące szczepień przeciwko wirusowi SARS-CoV-2 obecnie dostępnymi w Polsce szczepionkami (firm: Pfizer/BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca oraz Johnson & Johnson/Janssen) u pacjentów chorujących na stwardnienie rozsiane (access: 11.08.2021).
41. Ciotti JR, Valtcheva MV, Cross AH. Effects of MS disease-modifying therapies on responses to vaccinations: A review. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020; 45: 102439.