Sleep problems in multiple sclerosis Review article
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Published:
Dec 31, 2020
Keywords:
multiple sclerosis, sleep disorders, treatment
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by disseminated lesions of the central nervous system and the presence of usually multifocal, varied neurological symptoms. The peak incidence is usually between the ages of 20 and 40. The disease is currently incurable, however many drugs may influence its progression. The most common symptoms in MS are pyramidal limbs paralysis, visual disturbances, sensory disturbances, cerebellar and oculomotor symptoms, gait and urinary problems. Depressive, anxiety and sleep disorders are also common. The incidence of sleep disturbance in patients with multiple sclerosis reaches more than 40%. The most common sleep problems are insomnia, sleep breathing disorders, and restless leg syndrome. The article discusses the commonest sleep disorders in MS and their management
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References
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2. Veauthier C, Gaede G, Radbruch H et al. Treatment of sleep disorders may improve fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2013; 115(9): 1826-30.
3. Boe Lunde HM, Aae TF, Indrevag W et al. Poor sleep in patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One. 2012; 7(11): e49996.
4. Amtmann D, Askew RL, Kim J et al. Pain affects depression through anxiety, fatigue, and sleep in multiple sclerosis. Rehabil Psychol. 2015; 60(1): 81-90.
5. Braley TJ, Kratz AL, Kaplish N et al. Sleep and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis. Sleep. 2016; 39(8): 1525-33.
6. Janardhan V, Bakshi R. Quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis: the impact of fatigue and depression. J Neurol Sci. 2002; 205(1): 51-8.
7. Hughes AJ, Turner AP, Alschuler KN et al. Association between sleep problems and perceived cognitive dysfunction over 12 months in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Behav Sleep Med. 2018; 16(1): 79-91.
8. Veauthier C. Sleep disorders in multiple sclerosis. Review. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015; 15(5): 21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-015-0546-0.
9. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.
10. Wichniak A, Wierzbicka A, Jernajczyk W. Sleep and antidepressant treatment. Curr Pharm Des. 2012; 18(36): 5802-17.
11. Wichniak A. Zaburzenia snu. In: Jarema M, Rabe-Jabłońska J. Psychiatria. Podręcznik dla studentów medycyny. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2011.
12. Wichniak A. Standardy leczenia farmakologicznego wybranych zaburzeń snu. In: Jarema M (ed). Standardy leczenia farmakologicznego niektórych zaburzeń psychicznych. Via Medica, Gdańsk 2015.
13. Sakkas GK, Giannaki CD, Karatzaferi C et al. Sleep Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2019; 21(1): 4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-019-0544-7.
14. Skalski M. Bezsenność – patogeneza i leczenie. Kosmos. 2014; 63(2): 233-43.
15. Katarelos K, Piechal A, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I. Zaburzenia snu u pacjentów ze stwardnieniem rozsianym. Farmakoterapia w Psychiatrii i Neurologii. 2020; 36(1): 41-57.
16. Ramar K, Olson E. Management of common sleep disorders. Am Fam Physician. 2013; 88(4): 231-8.
17. Grabowski K. Terapia poznawczo-behawioralna bezsenności. Psychiatria. 2011; 8: 53-63.
18. Lande RG, Gragnani C. Nonpharmacologic approaches to the management of insomnia. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2010; 110(12): 695-701.
19. Bieńkowski P, Samochowiec J, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H et al. Bezpieczne stosowanie benzodiazepin w podstawowej opiece zdrowotnej – rekomendacje dla lekarzy rodzinnych. Lekarz POZ. 2019; 5(3): 177-93.
20. Salminen AV, Winkelmann J. Restless Legs Syndrome and Other Movement Disorders of Sleep-Treatment Update. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2018; 20(12): 55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11940-018-0540-3.
21. Winkelmann J, Allen RP, Högl B et al. Treatment of restless legs syndrome: Evidence-based review and implications for clinical practice (Revised 2017). Mov Disord. 2018; 33(7): 1077-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27260.
22. Seferoğlu M, Sivaci AÖ, Tunç A. Restless legs syndrome/Willis-Ekbom disease in multiple sclerosis: a contributing factor for anxiety, disability, sleep disorder, and quality of life. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2020: S0004-282X2020005031201. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-82X20200084.
23. Narowska D, Bożek M, Krysiak K et al. Frequent difficulties in the treatment of restless legs syndrome – case report and literature review. Psychiatr Pol. 2015; 49(5): 921-30. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/35395.
24. Braley TJ, Segal BM, Chervin RD. Hypnotic use and fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Sleep Med. 2015; 16(1): 131-7.