Plant sterols in prevention of cardiovascular diseases Review article
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Published:
Sep 30, 2012
Keywords:
cardiovascular diseases, plant sterols, cholesterol LDL
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Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are still the leading cause of death in the world therefore the subject of primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events is constantly discussed. The ESC Guidelines from 2011 regarding dyslipidaemia specify therapeutic goals to attain in each group of patients. The same Guidelines and also the ESC Guidelines from 2012 regarding prevention of cardiovascular diseases remind about important and effective non-pharmacological methods of dyslipidaemia treatment. One of these methods concerns the advantages of consuming functional food enriched with plant sterols. Consuming of 2 grams of sterols per day reduce LDL cholesterol by 10%. Sterols decrease concentration of LDL cholesterol unlike statins. Sterols decrease cholesterol absorption from digestive system, so statins and sterols have synergistic effect in lowering LDL cholesterol.
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Szeligowska , J., & Mamcarz , A. (2012). Plant sterols in prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 5(3(16), 33-38. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2452
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References
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4. Grupa Robocza do spraw postępowania w dyslipidemiach Europejskiego Towarzystwa Kardiologicznego (ESC) i Europejskie Towarzystwo Miażdżycowe (EAS): Wytyczne ESC/EAS dotyczące postępowania w dyslipidemiach. Kardiol. Pol. 2011; 69(supl. IV): 143-200.
5. Włodarek D.: Mechanizm działania fitosteroli w obniżaniu poziomu cholesterolu LDL we krwi. Roczniki PZH 2007; 58: 47-51.
6. Thompson G.R., Grundy S.M.: History of development of plant sterol and stanol esters for cholesterol-lowering purposes. Am. J. Cardiol. 2005; 96(supl.): 3D-9D.
7. Miettinen T.A., Gylling H.: Vascular effects of diets, especially plant sterol ester consumption. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008; 51: 1562-1563.
8. Law M.: Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health. BMJ 2000; 320: 861-864.
9. Kopeć G. Dieta dla serca. Wywiad. Medycyna Praktyczna [online].
10. Weihrauch J.L., Gardner J.M.: Sterol content of foods of plant origin. JADA 1978; 73: 39-47.
11. Akihisa T., Kokke W., Tamura T.: Naturally occurring sterols and related compounds from plants. W: Physiology and Biochemistry of Sterols. Patterson G.W., Nes W.D. (red.). Champaign, IL: American Oil Chemists’ Society 1991: 172-228.
12. Miettinen T. et al.: Reduction of serum cholesterol with sitostanol-ester margarine in a mildly hypercholesterolemic population. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 333: 1308-1312.
13. Gylling H., Miettinen T.: Serum cholesterol and cholesterol and cholesterol metabolism in hypercholesterolemic duże patients before and during sitostanol ester-margarine treatment. Diabetologia 1994; 37: 773-780.
14. Hendriks H.F.J., Brink E.J., Meijer G.W., Princen H.M.G., Ntanios F.Y.: Safety of long-term consumption of plan esters-enriched spread. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2003; 57: 681-692.
15. Abumweis S.S., Barake R., Jones P.J.: Plant sterols/stanols as cholesterol lowering agents: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Nutr. Res. 2008; 52 [doi: 10.3402/fnr.v52io.1811].
16. Lea L.J., Hepburn P.A.: Safety evaluation of phytosterol-esters. Part 9: results of a European post-launch monitoring programme. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2006; 44: 1213-1222.
17. Devaraj S., Jialal I.: The Role of Dietary Supplementation with Plant Sterols and Stanols in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrition Reviews 2006 Jul; 64(7): 348-354.
18. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670-1681.
19. Eussen S., Klungel O., Garssen J., Verhagen H., Kranen H., Loveren H., Rompelberg C.: Support of drug therapy using functional foods and dietary supplements: Focus on statin therapy. British Journal of Nutrition 2010; 103:1260-1277.
20. Scholle J.M., Baker W.L., Talati R., Coleman C.I.: The Effect of Adding Plant Sterols or Stanols to Statin Therapy in Hypercholesterolemic Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2009; 28(5): 517-524.
21. The Fifth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts): European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012). European Heart Journal 2012; 33: 1635-1701.