Combination therapy of Alzheimer’s disease – a rational choice for patients with moderate and severe stage of dementia Review article
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Published:
Sep 14, 2015
Keywords:
Alzheimer’s disease, cholinesterase inhibitors, donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, concomitant use
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Abstract
The goal of symptomatic treatment in Alzheimer’s disease is to delay the progress of cognitive deficits and limit behavioral disorders. The drugs approved for the treatment of dementia in Alzheimer’s disease are cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine) and memantine. The article summarizes the main reasons for their concomitant use.
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Sienkiewicz-Jarosz , H. (2015). Combination therapy of Alzheimer’s disease – a rational choice for patients with moderate and severe stage of dementia. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 8(3(28), 75-78. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2300
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References
1. World Health Organization and Alzheimer’s Disease International. Dementia: a public health priority. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization. 2012.
2. Birks J.: Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006: CD005593.
3. Parsons C.G., Danysz W., Dekundy A. et al.: Memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors: complementary mechanisms in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurotox. Res. 2013; 24(3): 358-369.
4. McShane R., Areosa Sastre A., Minakaran N.: Memantine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006: CD003154.
5. Danysz W., Parsons C.G.: Alzheimer’s disease, β-amyloid, glutamate, NMDA receptors and memantine – searching for the connections. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2012; 167(2): 324-352.
6. Neumeister K.L., Riepe M.W.: Synergistic effects of antidementia drugs on spatial learning and recall in the APP23 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2012; 30(2): 245-251.
7. Rammes G., Danysz W., Parsons C.G.: Pharmacodynamics of memantine: an update. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 2008; 6(1): 55-78.
8. Flirski M., Sobów T.: Memantyna i inhibitory cholinesteraz: terapia skojarzona choroby Alzheimera. Farm. Psych. Neurol. 2011; 2: 75-83.
9. Schmidt R., Hofer E., Bouwman F.H. et al.: EFNS-ENS/EAN Guideline on concomitant use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Eur. J. Neurol. 2015; 22(6): 889-898.
10. Grossberg G.T., Manes F., Allegri R.: A multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial of memantine extended- release capsule (28 mg, once daily) in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2008; 4: T793.
11. Howard R., McShane R., Lindesay J. et al.: Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012; 366: 893-903.
12. Tariot P.N., Farlow M.R., Grossberg G.T. et al.: Memantine treatment in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease already receiving donepezil: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291(3): 317-324.
13. Porsteinsson A.P., Grossberg G.T., Mintzer J. et al.: Memantine treatment in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease already receiving a cholinesterase inhibitor: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 2008; 5: 83-89.
14. Olin J.T., Bhatnagar V., Reyes P. et al.: Safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsule with memantine in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease: a 26-week, open-label, prospective trial (Study ENA713B US32). Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 2010; 25: 419-426.
15. Howes L.G.: Cardiovascular effects of drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Drug Saf. 2014; 37(6): 391-395.
16. Hansen R.A., Gartlehner G., Webb A.P. et al.: Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Interv. Aging. 2008; 3(2): 211-225.
17. Lopez O.L., Becker J.T., Wahed A.S. et al.: Long-term effects of the concomitant use of memantine with cholinesterase inhibition in Alzheimer disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2009; 80(6): 600-607.
18. Lachaine J., Beauchemin C., Legault M. et al.: Economic evaluation of the impact of memantine on time to nursing home admission in the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Can. J. Psychiatry 2011; 56: 596-604.
19. Touchon J., Lachaine J., Beauchemin C. et al.: The impact of memantine in combination with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on admission of patients with Alzheimer’s disease to nursing homes: cost-effectiveness analysis in France. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2014; 15(8): 791-800.
20. Karlawish J.H., Klocinski J.L., Merz J. et al.: Caregivers’ preferences for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 2000; 55(7): 1008-1014.
21. Agüera-Ortiz L., Frank-García A., Gil P. et al.: Clinical progression of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease and caregiver burden: a 12-month multicenter prospective observational study. Int. Psychogeriatr. 2010; 22(8): 1265-1279.
22. Saint-Laurent Thibault C., Özer Stillman I., Chen S. et al.: Cost-utility analysis of memantine extended release added to cholinesterase inhibitors compared to cholinesterase inhibitor monotherapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type in the US. J. Med. Econ. 2015: 1-14.
23. Pfeil A.M., Kressig R.W., Szucs T.D.: Alzheimer’s dementia: budget impact and cost-utility analysis of a combination treatment of a cholinesterase inhibitor and memantine in Switzerland. Swiss. Med. Wkly. 2012; 142: w13676.
2. Birks J.: Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006: CD005593.
3. Parsons C.G., Danysz W., Dekundy A. et al.: Memantine and cholinesterase inhibitors: complementary mechanisms in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Neurotox. Res. 2013; 24(3): 358-369.
4. McShane R., Areosa Sastre A., Minakaran N.: Memantine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 2006: CD003154.
5. Danysz W., Parsons C.G.: Alzheimer’s disease, β-amyloid, glutamate, NMDA receptors and memantine – searching for the connections. Br. J. Pharmacol. 2012; 167(2): 324-352.
6. Neumeister K.L., Riepe M.W.: Synergistic effects of antidementia drugs on spatial learning and recall in the APP23 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. J. Alzheimers Dis. 2012; 30(2): 245-251.
7. Rammes G., Danysz W., Parsons C.G.: Pharmacodynamics of memantine: an update. Curr. Neuropharmacol. 2008; 6(1): 55-78.
8. Flirski M., Sobów T.: Memantyna i inhibitory cholinesteraz: terapia skojarzona choroby Alzheimera. Farm. Psych. Neurol. 2011; 2: 75-83.
9. Schmidt R., Hofer E., Bouwman F.H. et al.: EFNS-ENS/EAN Guideline on concomitant use of cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Eur. J. Neurol. 2015; 22(6): 889-898.
10. Grossberg G.T., Manes F., Allegri R.: A multinational, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled parallel-group trial of memantine extended- release capsule (28 mg, once daily) in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Dement. 2008; 4: T793.
11. Howard R., McShane R., Lindesay J. et al.: Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2012; 366: 893-903.
12. Tariot P.N., Farlow M.R., Grossberg G.T. et al.: Memantine treatment in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease already receiving donepezil: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 291(3): 317-324.
13. Porsteinsson A.P., Grossberg G.T., Mintzer J. et al.: Memantine treatment in patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease already receiving a cholinesterase inhibitor: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr. Alzheimer Res. 2008; 5: 83-89.
14. Olin J.T., Bhatnagar V., Reyes P. et al.: Safety and tolerability of rivastigmine capsule with memantine in patients with probable Alzheimer’s disease: a 26-week, open-label, prospective trial (Study ENA713B US32). Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 2010; 25: 419-426.
15. Howes L.G.: Cardiovascular effects of drugs used to treat Alzheimer’s disease. Drug Saf. 2014; 37(6): 391-395.
16. Hansen R.A., Gartlehner G., Webb A.P. et al.: Efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin. Interv. Aging. 2008; 3(2): 211-225.
17. Lopez O.L., Becker J.T., Wahed A.S. et al.: Long-term effects of the concomitant use of memantine with cholinesterase inhibition in Alzheimer disease. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2009; 80(6): 600-607.
18. Lachaine J., Beauchemin C., Legault M. et al.: Economic evaluation of the impact of memantine on time to nursing home admission in the treatment of Alzheimer disease. Can. J. Psychiatry 2011; 56: 596-604.
19. Touchon J., Lachaine J., Beauchemin C. et al.: The impact of memantine in combination with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on admission of patients with Alzheimer’s disease to nursing homes: cost-effectiveness analysis in France. Eur. J. Health Econ. 2014; 15(8): 791-800.
20. Karlawish J.H., Klocinski J.L., Merz J. et al.: Caregivers’ preferences for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 2000; 55(7): 1008-1014.
21. Agüera-Ortiz L., Frank-García A., Gil P. et al.: Clinical progression of moderate-to-severe Alzheimer’s disease and caregiver burden: a 12-month multicenter prospective observational study. Int. Psychogeriatr. 2010; 22(8): 1265-1279.
22. Saint-Laurent Thibault C., Özer Stillman I., Chen S. et al.: Cost-utility analysis of memantine extended release added to cholinesterase inhibitors compared to cholinesterase inhibitor monotherapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe dementia of the Alzheimer’s type in the US. J. Med. Econ. 2015: 1-14.
23. Pfeil A.M., Kressig R.W., Szucs T.D.: Alzheimer’s dementia: budget impact and cost-utility analysis of a combination treatment of a cholinesterase inhibitor and memantine in Switzerland. Swiss. Med. Wkly. 2012; 142: w13676.