Irritable bowel syndrome – a common problem, individual approach Review article
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Published:
Dec 31, 2021
Keywords:
irritable bowel syndrome, dysbiosis, treatment of IBS, antispasmodics, antidepressants
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Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome is a recurrent abdominal pain that occurs at least once a week for 3 months, with symptoms at least 6 months associated with at least two features: bowel movements, change in bowel frequency, change in the appearance of stools. According to the Rome IV Diagnostic Criteria, the disease is diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms. This does not apply to people over 50 years of age (and in the case of first-degree relatives of patients with colorectal cancer after 45 years of age) and patients with alarm symptoms. Due to the lack of a single etiological factor, the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome consists in reducing symptoms and improving the patient’s quality of life. Non-pharmacological treatment includes a high-fiber diet and modification of the microbiota. The most effective drugs are antispasmodics directly affecting the smooth muscle, inhibiting the influx of calcium, i.e. drotaverine, mebeverine and alverine. There has been proven effectiveness of antidepressants. This confirms that functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are a manifestation of the dysfunction of the brain–gut–microbiota axis.
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Skrzydło-Radomańska , B., & Sapilak, B. J. (2021). Irritable bowel syndrome – a common problem, individual approach. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 14(4(53), 369-374. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.MF.0421.5
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References
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28. Lam C, Tan W, Yu J et al. A mechanistic multicentre, parallel group, randomized placebo-controlled trial of mesalazine for the treatment of IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). Gut. 2016; 65: 91-9.
29. Sperber AD, Dumitrascu D, Fukudo S et al. The global prevalence of IBS in adults remains elusive due to the heterogeneity of studies: a Rome Foundation working team literature review. Gut. 2017; 66(6): 1075-82.
30. Skrzydło-Radomańska B. Zespół jelita drażliwego. Med Prakt. 2020; 4: 134-8.
31. Bueno-Notivol J, Gracia-García P, Olaya B et al. Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2021; 21(1): 100196. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.07.007.
32. Hossain MM, Rahman M, Trisha NF et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in South Asia during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2021; 7(4): e06677.
33. Gilbody JS, Fletcher CP, Hughes IW et al. Comparison of two different formulations of mebeverine hydrochloride in irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Clin Pract. 2000; 54: 461-4.
2. Canon M, Ruiz A, Rondon M et al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and health related quality of life in adults aged 18 to 30 years in a Colombian University: an elecrtronic survey. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017; 30: 67-75.
3. Sperber A, Dumitrascu D, Fukudo S et al. The global prevalence of IBS in adults remains elusive due to heterogeneity of studies: a Rome Foundation working team literature review. Gut. 2017; 66: 1075-82.
4. Klem F, Wadhwa A, Prokop L et al. Prevalence, risk factors and outcomes of irritable bowel syndrome after infectious enteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2017; 152: 1042-54.
5. Oshima T, Siah KT, Yoshimoto T et al. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: a population- base survey. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020; 36(7): 1820-7. http://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15346.
6. Ciechanowicz P, Lewandowski K, Szymańska E et al. Skin and gastrointestinal symptoms in COVID-19. Gastroenterology Rev. 2020; 15(4): 301-8.
7. Blackett JW, Li J, Jodorovsky D et al. Prevalence and risk factors for gastrointestinal symptoms after recovery from COVID-19. Neurogastroenterol Motility. 2021. http://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.14251 .
8. Chen B, Kim J, Zhang Y et al. Prevalence and predictors of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol. 2018; 53(7): 807-18. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-018-1476-9.
9. Barbara G, Feinle-Bisset C, Ghoshal U et al. The intestinal microenvironment and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016; 150: 1305-18.
10. Weaver K, Sherwin L, Wallit B et al. Neuroimaging the brain-gut axis in petientes with irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2016; 7: 320-33.
11. Van Oudenhove L, Levy R, Crowlel M et al. Biopsychosocial aspects of functional gastrointestinal disorders: how central and environmental processes contribute to the development and expression of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016; 150: 1355-67.
12. Qin H, Cheng C, Tang X et al. Impact of psychological stress on irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol. 2014; 20: 14126-31.
13. Pietrzak A, Skrzydło-Radomańska B, Mulak A et al. Rekomendacje diagnostyczno-terapeutyczne w zespole jelita nadwrażliwego. Gastroenterol Rev. 2018; 13(4): 2-30.
14. Lacy B, Mearin F, Chang L et al. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016; 150: 1393-407.
15. Aasbrenn M, Lydersen S, Farup P. A conservative weight loss intervention relieves bowel symptoms in morbidly obese subjects with irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective cohort study. J Obes. 2018; 18: 3732-753.
16. Laird K, Tanner-Smith E, Russell A et al. Comparative efficacy of psychological therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev. 2017; 51: 142-52.
17. Black Ch, Staudacher HM, Ford AC. Efficacy of a low FODMAP diet in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analyzis. Gut. 2021; 0: 1-10. http://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325214.
18. Hou X, Chen S, Zhang Y et al. Quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome assessed using IBS-QoL measure after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with mebeverine hydrochloride or pinaverium bromide: results of an international prospective observational cohort study in Poland, Egypt, Mexico and China. Clin Drug Investig. 2014; 34(11): 783-93.
19. Kruis W, Weinzierl M, Schlusser P et al. Comparison of therapeutic effects of wheat brain, mebeverine and placebo in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome. Digestion. 1986; 34: 196-201.
20. Vahedi H, Merat S, Momtahen S et al. Clnical trial: the effect of amitriptyline in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008; 27: 678-84.
21. Tack J, Broekaert D, Fischler B et al. A controlled crossover study of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors citalopram in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2006; 55: 1095-103.
22. Talley NJ, Kellow JE, Boyce P et al. Antidepressant therapy (imipramine and citalopram) for irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Dig Dis Sci. 2008; 53; 108-15.
23. Pimentel M, Lembo A, Chey W et al. Rifaximin therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation. N Engl J Med. 2011; 363: 22-32.
24. Lembo A, Pimentel M, Rao S et al. Repeat treatment with rifaximin is safe and effective in patients with diarhhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2016; 151: 1113-21.
25. Begtrup LM, de Muckadell OB, Kjedsen J et al. Long-term treatment with probiotics in primary care patients with irritable bowel syndrome – a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2013; 48: 1127-35.
26. Efskind PS, Bernklev T, Vatn MH. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial with loperamide in irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1996; 31: 463-8.
27. Award RA, Camacho S. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of polyethylene glycol effects on fasting and postprandial rectal sensitivity and symptoms in hypersensitive constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Colorectal Dis. 2010; 12: 1131-8.
28. Lam C, Tan W, Yu J et al. A mechanistic multicentre, parallel group, randomized placebo-controlled trial of mesalazine for the treatment of IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). Gut. 2016; 65: 91-9.
29. Sperber AD, Dumitrascu D, Fukudo S et al. The global prevalence of IBS in adults remains elusive due to the heterogeneity of studies: a Rome Foundation working team literature review. Gut. 2017; 66(6): 1075-82.
30. Skrzydło-Radomańska B. Zespół jelita drażliwego. Med Prakt. 2020; 4: 134-8.
31. Bueno-Notivol J, Gracia-García P, Olaya B et al. Prevalence of depression during the COVID-19 outbreak: A meta-analysis of community-based studies. Int J Clin Health Psychol. 2021; 21(1): 100196. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.07.007.
32. Hossain MM, Rahman M, Trisha NF et al. Prevalence of anxiety and depression in South Asia during COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heliyon. 2021; 7(4): e06677.
33. Gilbody JS, Fletcher CP, Hughes IW et al. Comparison of two different formulations of mebeverine hydrochloride in irritable bowel syndrome. Int J Clin Pract. 2000; 54: 461-4.