Symptomatic therapy of multiple sclerosis Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2012
Keywords:
symptomatic therapy, multiple sclerosis
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Abstract
Treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) with immunomodulatory drugs might have significant impact on the natural history of the disease. Despite of the progress in the specific treatment the patients suffer with many symptoms of the disease caused by disseminated lesions of central nervous system. The aim of symptomatic therapy is to eliminate or ameliorate symptoms impairing quality of life of patients. This article briefly summarizes therapy of the most important MS-related symptoms.
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References
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2. Brichetto G., Messmer Ucelli M., Mancardi G.L. et al.: Symptomatic medication use in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2003; 9: 458-60.
3. Henze T., Rieckmann P., Toyka K.V.: Symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group (MSTCG) of the German Multiple Sclerosis Society. Eur. Neurol. 2006; 56: 78-105.
4. Shakespeare D.T., Craig J., Lloyd M.: Spasticity and movement. Int. MSJ 2001; 7: 93-99.
5. Stolp-Smith K., Wainberg M.: Antidepressant exacerbation of spasticity. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1999; 80: 339-42.
6. Haselkorn J.K., Balsdon R.C., Fry W.D. et al.: Overview of spasticity management in multiple sclerosis. Evidence-based management strategies for spasticity treatment in multiple sclerosis. J. Spinal. Cord. Med. 2005; 28: 167-199.
7. Mueller M.E., Gruenthal M., Olson W.L. et al.: Gabapentin for relief of upper motor neuron symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1997; 78: 521-24.
8. Cutter N.C., Scott D.D., Johnson J.C. et al.: Gabapentin effect on spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2000; 81: 164-69.
9. Zajicek J., Fox P., Sanders H. et al.: UK MS Research Group. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362: 1517-26.
10. Vaney C., Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M., Jobin P. et al.: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Mult. Scler. 2004; 10: 417-424.
11. Wade D.T., Makela P., Robson P. et al.: Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. Mult. Scler. 2004; 10: 434-441.
12. Wade D.T., Collin C., Stott C., Duncombe P.: Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Sativex (nabiximols), on spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2010; 16: 707-714.
13. Hyman N., Barnes M., Bhakta B. et al.: Botulinum toxin (Dysport®) treatment of hip adductor spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2000; 68: 707-712.
14. Miller L., Mattison P., Paul L. et al.: The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2007; 13: 527-533.
15. Krupp L.B.: Mechanism, measurement, and management of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. W: Multiple sclerosis: clinical challenges and controversies. Thompson A.J., Polman C., Reinhard H. (red.). Martin Dunitz, London 1997: 283-94.
16. Fisk J.D., Pontefract A., Ritvo P.G. et al.: The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1994; 21: 9-14.
17. Comi G., Leocani L., Rossi P. et al.: Physiopathology and treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 2001; 248: 174-79.
18. Bergamaschi R., Romani A., Versino M. et al.: Clinical aspects of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Funct. Neurol. 1997; 12: 247-51.
19. Krupp L.B., Rizvi S.A.: Symptomatic therapy for under recognized manifestation of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2002; 58: S32-S39.
20. De Sa J.C., Airas L., Bartholome E. et al.: Symptomatic therapy in multiple sclerosis: a review for a multimodal approach in clinical practice. Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord. 2011 May; 4(3): 139-68.
21. Weinshenker B.G., Penman M., Bass B. et al.: A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of pemoline in fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1992; 42: 1468-1471.
22. Krupp L.B., Coyle P.K., Doscher C. et al.: Fatigue therapy in multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo. Neurology 1995; 45: 1956-1961.
23. Rammohan K.W., Rosenberg J.H., Lynn D.J. et al.: Efficacy and safety of modafinil (Provigil) for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a two centre phase 2 study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2002; 72: 179-183.
24. Stankoff B., Waubant E., Confavreux C. et al.: Modafinil for fatigue in MS: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Neurology 2005; 64: 1139-1143.
25. Goodman A.D., Brown T.R., Krupp L.B. et al.: Sustained-release oral fampridine in multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 732-738.
26. Sadovnick A.D., Remick R.A., Allen J. et al.: Depression and multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 46: 628-632.
27. Sadovnick A.D., Eisen K., Ebers G.C. et al.: Cause of death in patients attending multiple sclerosis clinics. Neurology 1991; 41: 1193-1196.
28. Schiffer R.B., Caine E.D., Bamford K.A. et al.: Depressive episodes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Am. J. Psychiatry 1983; 140: 1498-1500.
29. Herrera-Guzmán I., Herrera-Abarca J.E., Gudayol-Ferré E. et al.: Effects of selective serotonin reuptake and dual serotonergic–noradrenergic reuptake treatments on attention and executive functions in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2010; 177: 323-329.
30. Mohr D.C., Boudewyn A.C., Goodkin D.E. et al.: Comparative outcomes for individual cognitive-behavior therapy, supportive–expressive group psychotherapy, and sertraline for the treatment of depression in multiple sclerosis. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2001; 69: 942-949.
31. Blaivas J.G.: Management of bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1980; 30: 12-18.
32. Frontoni M., Giubilei F.: Autonomic dysfunction in MS. Int. MSJ 1999; 6: 79-87.
33. Bakke A., Myrh K., Gronning M. et al.: Bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis – a cohort study. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. Suppl. 1996; 179: 61-66.
34. Kessler T.M., Fowler C.J., Panicker J.N.: Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Rev. Neurother. Expert 2009; 9: 341-350.
35. Fraser C., Mahoney J., McGurl J.: Correlates of sexual dysfunction in men and women with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurosci. Nurs. 2008; 40: 312-317.
36. Ghezzi A.: Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Int. MSJ 1999; 5: 45-53.
37. Ghezzi A., Zaffaroni M., Baldini S. et al.: Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis male patients in relation to clinical findings. Eur. J. Neurol. 1996; 3: 462-66.
38. Shifren J.L.: The role of androgens in female sexual dysfunction. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2004; 79: S19-S24.
39. Lopez del Val L.J., Santos S.: Gabapentin in the treatment of tremor. Rev. Neurol. 2003; 36: 322-26.
40. Yap L., Kouyialis A., Varma T.R.: Stereotactic neurosurgery for disabling tremor in multiple sclerosis: thalamotomy or deep brain stimulation? Br. J. Neurosurg. 2007; 21: 349-354.
41. Alusi S.H., Worthington J., Glickman S. et al.: A study of tremor in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2001; 124: 720-30.
42. Herrera W.G.: Vestibular and other balance disorders in multiple sclerosis. Neurol. Clin. 1990; 8: 407-20.
43. Paty D.W., Noseworthy J.H., Ebers G.C.: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. W: Multiple sclerosis. Paty D.W., Ebers G.C. (red.). F.A. Davis Company 1997: 437-449.
44. DeSousa E.A., Albert R.H., Kalman B.: Cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis: a review. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other. Demen. 2002; 17: 23-29.
45. Amato M.P., Ponziani G., Siracusa G. et al.: Cognitive dysfuntion in early-onset multiple sclerosis: a reappraisal after 10 years. Arch. Neurol. 2001; 58: 1602-6.
46. Rao S.M., Leo G.J., Bernardin L. et al.: Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology 1991; 41: 685-91.
47. Villoslada P., Arrondo G., Sepulcre J. et al.: Memantine induces reversible neurologic impairment in patients with MS. Neurology 2009; 72: 1630-1633.
48. Huolman S., Hämäläinen P., Vorobyev V. et al.: The effects of rivastigmine on processing speed and brain activation in patients with multiple sclerosis and subjective cognitive fatigue. Mult. Scler. 2011 Nov; 17(11): 1351-61.
49. Putzki N., Pfriem A., Limmroth V. et al.: Prevalence of migraine, tension-type headache and trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis. Eur. J. Neurol. 2009; 16: 262-267.
2. Brichetto G., Messmer Ucelli M., Mancardi G.L. et al.: Symptomatic medication use in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2003; 9: 458-60.
3. Henze T., Rieckmann P., Toyka K.V.: Symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Therapy Consensus Group (MSTCG) of the German Multiple Sclerosis Society. Eur. Neurol. 2006; 56: 78-105.
4. Shakespeare D.T., Craig J., Lloyd M.: Spasticity and movement. Int. MSJ 2001; 7: 93-99.
5. Stolp-Smith K., Wainberg M.: Antidepressant exacerbation of spasticity. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1999; 80: 339-42.
6. Haselkorn J.K., Balsdon R.C., Fry W.D. et al.: Overview of spasticity management in multiple sclerosis. Evidence-based management strategies for spasticity treatment in multiple sclerosis. J. Spinal. Cord. Med. 2005; 28: 167-199.
7. Mueller M.E., Gruenthal M., Olson W.L. et al.: Gabapentin for relief of upper motor neuron symptoms in multiple sclerosis. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 1997; 78: 521-24.
8. Cutter N.C., Scott D.D., Johnson J.C. et al.: Gabapentin effect on spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2000; 81: 164-69.
9. Zajicek J., Fox P., Sanders H. et al.: UK MS Research Group. Cannabinoids for treatment of spasticity and other symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (CAMS study): multicentre randomized placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 362: 1517-26.
10. Vaney C., Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M., Jobin P. et al.: Efficacy, safety and tolerability of an orally administered cannabis extract in the treatment of spasticity in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Mult. Scler. 2004; 10: 417-424.
11. Wade D.T., Makela P., Robson P. et al.: Do cannabis-based medicinal extracts have general or specific effects on symptoms in multiple sclerosis? A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study on 160 patients. Mult. Scler. 2004; 10: 434-441.
12. Wade D.T., Collin C., Stott C., Duncombe P.: Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Sativex (nabiximols), on spasticity in people with multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2010; 16: 707-714.
13. Hyman N., Barnes M., Bhakta B. et al.: Botulinum toxin (Dysport®) treatment of hip adductor spasticity in multiple sclerosis: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, dose ranging study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2000; 68: 707-712.
14. Miller L., Mattison P., Paul L. et al.: The effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on spasticity in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2007; 13: 527-533.
15. Krupp L.B.: Mechanism, measurement, and management of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. W: Multiple sclerosis: clinical challenges and controversies. Thompson A.J., Polman C., Reinhard H. (red.). Martin Dunitz, London 1997: 283-94.
16. Fisk J.D., Pontefract A., Ritvo P.G. et al.: The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1994; 21: 9-14.
17. Comi G., Leocani L., Rossi P. et al.: Physiopathology and treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. 2001; 248: 174-79.
18. Bergamaschi R., Romani A., Versino M. et al.: Clinical aspects of fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Funct. Neurol. 1997; 12: 247-51.
19. Krupp L.B., Rizvi S.A.: Symptomatic therapy for under recognized manifestation of multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2002; 58: S32-S39.
20. De Sa J.C., Airas L., Bartholome E. et al.: Symptomatic therapy in multiple sclerosis: a review for a multimodal approach in clinical practice. Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord. 2011 May; 4(3): 139-68.
21. Weinshenker B.G., Penman M., Bass B. et al.: A double-blind, randomized, crossover trial of pemoline in fatigue associated with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1992; 42: 1468-1471.
22. Krupp L.B., Coyle P.K., Doscher C. et al.: Fatigue therapy in multiple sclerosis: results of a double-blind, randomized, parallel trial of amantadine, pemoline, and placebo. Neurology 1995; 45: 1956-1961.
23. Rammohan K.W., Rosenberg J.H., Lynn D.J. et al.: Efficacy and safety of modafinil (Provigil) for the treatment of fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a two centre phase 2 study. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 2002; 72: 179-183.
24. Stankoff B., Waubant E., Confavreux C. et al.: Modafinil for fatigue in MS: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind study. Neurology 2005; 64: 1139-1143.
25. Goodman A.D., Brown T.R., Krupp L.B. et al.: Sustained-release oral fampridine in multiple sclerosis: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 373: 732-738.
26. Sadovnick A.D., Remick R.A., Allen J. et al.: Depression and multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 46: 628-632.
27. Sadovnick A.D., Eisen K., Ebers G.C. et al.: Cause of death in patients attending multiple sclerosis clinics. Neurology 1991; 41: 1193-1196.
28. Schiffer R.B., Caine E.D., Bamford K.A. et al.: Depressive episodes in patients with multiple sclerosis. Am. J. Psychiatry 1983; 140: 1498-1500.
29. Herrera-Guzmán I., Herrera-Abarca J.E., Gudayol-Ferré E. et al.: Effects of selective serotonin reuptake and dual serotonergic–noradrenergic reuptake treatments on attention and executive functions in patients with major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2010; 177: 323-329.
30. Mohr D.C., Boudewyn A.C., Goodkin D.E. et al.: Comparative outcomes for individual cognitive-behavior therapy, supportive–expressive group psychotherapy, and sertraline for the treatment of depression in multiple sclerosis. J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 2001; 69: 942-949.
31. Blaivas J.G.: Management of bladder dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1980; 30: 12-18.
32. Frontoni M., Giubilei F.: Autonomic dysfunction in MS. Int. MSJ 1999; 6: 79-87.
33. Bakke A., Myrh K., Gronning M. et al.: Bladder, bowel and sexual dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis – a cohort study. Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. Suppl. 1996; 179: 61-66.
34. Kessler T.M., Fowler C.J., Panicker J.N.: Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Rev. Neurother. Expert 2009; 9: 341-350.
35. Fraser C., Mahoney J., McGurl J.: Correlates of sexual dysfunction in men and women with multiple sclerosis. J. Neurosci. Nurs. 2008; 40: 312-317.
36. Ghezzi A.: Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. Int. MSJ 1999; 5: 45-53.
37. Ghezzi A., Zaffaroni M., Baldini S. et al.: Sexual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis male patients in relation to clinical findings. Eur. J. Neurol. 1996; 3: 462-66.
38. Shifren J.L.: The role of androgens in female sexual dysfunction. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2004; 79: S19-S24.
39. Lopez del Val L.J., Santos S.: Gabapentin in the treatment of tremor. Rev. Neurol. 2003; 36: 322-26.
40. Yap L., Kouyialis A., Varma T.R.: Stereotactic neurosurgery for disabling tremor in multiple sclerosis: thalamotomy or deep brain stimulation? Br. J. Neurosurg. 2007; 21: 349-354.
41. Alusi S.H., Worthington J., Glickman S. et al.: A study of tremor in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2001; 124: 720-30.
42. Herrera W.G.: Vestibular and other balance disorders in multiple sclerosis. Neurol. Clin. 1990; 8: 407-20.
43. Paty D.W., Noseworthy J.H., Ebers G.C.: Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. W: Multiple sclerosis. Paty D.W., Ebers G.C. (red.). F.A. Davis Company 1997: 437-449.
44. DeSousa E.A., Albert R.H., Kalman B.: Cognitive impairments in multiple sclerosis: a review. Am. J. Alzheimers Dis. Other. Demen. 2002; 17: 23-29.
45. Amato M.P., Ponziani G., Siracusa G. et al.: Cognitive dysfuntion in early-onset multiple sclerosis: a reappraisal after 10 years. Arch. Neurol. 2001; 58: 1602-6.
46. Rao S.M., Leo G.J., Bernardin L. et al.: Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology 1991; 41: 685-91.
47. Villoslada P., Arrondo G., Sepulcre J. et al.: Memantine induces reversible neurologic impairment in patients with MS. Neurology 2009; 72: 1630-1633.
48. Huolman S., Hämäläinen P., Vorobyev V. et al.: The effects of rivastigmine on processing speed and brain activation in patients with multiple sclerosis and subjective cognitive fatigue. Mult. Scler. 2011 Nov; 17(11): 1351-61.
49. Putzki N., Pfriem A., Limmroth V. et al.: Prevalence of migraine, tension-type headache and trigeminal neuralgia in multiple sclerosis. Eur. J. Neurol. 2009; 16: 262-267.