Neurorehabilitation in multiple sclerosis patients Review article

Abstract

The use of disease-modifying therapies, especially in the early stages of multiple sclerosis, has reduced the accumulation of functional deficits. However, this approach, along with symptomatic treatment, is not sufficient to maintain the mobility and cognitive function of multiple sclerosis patients. Neurorehabilitation is an essential element of modern management for this patient group. This discussion outlines the principles of planning individualized training, considering the clinically monitored performance of patients. Determining maximum heart rate and conducting the Talk Test are simple methods for assessing patients, which allow for the inclusion of their physical activity and lifestyle before the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, as well as the degree of disability caused by the disease, in the training plan. This article discusses the principles of managing gait disorders, superficial and proprioceptive sensory disturbances, cerebellar symptoms, sphincter dysfunction, and fatigue syndrome. The potential use of virtual and augmented reality in neurorehabilitation is also presented, as well as the burden placed on the partners of multiple sclerosis patients.