Neurofilaments as a marker of neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis Review article
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Published:
Mar 31, 2022
Keywords:
multiple sclerosis, light chains of neurofilaments, clinically isolated syndrome, radiologically isolated syndrome
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Abstract
Neurofilaments are a component of axons, released into the cerebrospinal fluid as a result of damage to neurons. The concentration of neurofilaments light chain increases in the blood serum of patients with multiple sclerosis compared to the healthy population. Changes in the concentration of neurofilaments are a recognized biomarker of activity and a measure of treatment effectiveness. The potential for changes in their concentration in the diagnostic process in patients with clinical and radiological syndromes is not fully understood, it is however proposed to be used extensively in everyday neurological practice and play a significant role in making therapeutic decisions.
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References
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16. Varhaug KN, Barro C, Bjørnevik K et al. Neurofilament light chain predicts disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2017; 5(1): e422. http://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000422.
17. Siller N, Kuhle J, Muthuraman M et al. Serum neurofilament light chain is a biomarker of acute and chronic neuronal damage in early multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2019; 25(5): 678-86. http://doi.org/10.1177/1352458518765666.
18. Petzold A, Steenwijk MD, Eikelenboom JM et al. Elevated CSF neurofilament proteins predict brain atrophy: A 15-year follow-up study. Mult Scler. 2016; 22(9): 1154-62.
19. Ferraro D, Guicciardi C, De Biasi S et al. Plasma neurofilaments correlate with disability in progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 2020; 141(1): 16-21. http://doi.org/10.1111/ane.13152.
20. Giarraputo J, Giamberardino S, Arvai S et al. Profiling serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2021; 354: 577541. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577541.
2. Rosengren LE, Karlsson JE, Karlsson JO et al. Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases have increased levels of neurofilament protein in CSF. J Neurochem. 1996; 67: 2013-8.
3. Kuhle J, Barro C, Andreasson U et al. Comparison of three analytical platforms for quantification of the neurofilament light chain in blood samples: ELISA, electrochemiluminescence immunoassay and Simoa. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2016; 54(10): 1655-61.
4. Rissin DM, Kan CW, Campbell TG et al. Single-molecule enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detects serum proteins at subfemtomolar concentrations. Nat Biotechnol. 2010; 28: 595-9.
5. Novakova L, Zetterberg H, Sundstrom P et al. Monitoring disease activity in multiple sclerosis using serum neurofilament light protein. Neurology. 2017; 89: 2230-7.
6. Disanto G, Barro C, Benkert P et al. Serum Neurofilament light: a biomarker of neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2017; 81: 857-70.
7. Modvig S, Degn M, Sander B et al. Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels predict visual outcome after optic neuritis. Mult Scler. 2016; 22: 590-8.
8. Arrambide G, Espejo C, Eixarch H et al. Neurofilament light chain level is a weak risk factor for the development of MS. Neurology. 2016; 87: 1076-84.
9. Pawlitzki M, Sweeney-Reed CM, Bittner D et al. CSF-Progranulin and Neurofilament Light Chain Levels in Patients With Radiologically Isolated Syndrome-Sign of Inflammation. Front Neurol. 2018; 9: 1075.
10. Malmestrom C, Haghighi S, Rosengren L et al. Neurofilament light protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein as biological markers in MS. Neurology. 2003; 61: 1720-5.
11. Bhan A, Jacobsen C, Myhr KM et al. Neurofilaments and 10-year follow-up in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2018; 24: 1301-7.
12. Mellergard J, Tisell A, Blystad I et al. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of neurofilament and tau correlate with brain atrophy in natalizumab-treated multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2017; 24: 112-21.
13. de Flon P, Gunnarsson M, Laurell K et al. Reduced inflammation in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis after therapy switch to rituximab. Neurology. 2016; 87: 141-7.
14. Novakova L, Axelsson M, Khademi M et al. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers as a measure of disease activity and treatment efficacy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. J Neurochem. 2017; 141: 296-304.
15. Håkansson I, Tisell A, Cassel P et al. Neurofilament light chain in cerebrospinal fluid and prediction of disease activity in clinically isolated syndrome and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2017; 24(5): 703-12.
16. Varhaug KN, Barro C, Bjørnevik K et al. Neurofilament light chain predicts disease activity in relapsing-remitting MS. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2017; 5(1): e422. http://doi.org/10.1212/NXI.0000000000000422.
17. Siller N, Kuhle J, Muthuraman M et al. Serum neurofilament light chain is a biomarker of acute and chronic neuronal damage in early multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2019; 25(5): 678-86. http://doi.org/10.1177/1352458518765666.
18. Petzold A, Steenwijk MD, Eikelenboom JM et al. Elevated CSF neurofilament proteins predict brain atrophy: A 15-year follow-up study. Mult Scler. 2016; 22(9): 1154-62.
19. Ferraro D, Guicciardi C, De Biasi S et al. Plasma neurofilaments correlate with disability in progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Acta Neurol Scand. 2020; 141(1): 16-21. http://doi.org/10.1111/ane.13152.
20. Giarraputo J, Giamberardino S, Arvai S et al. Profiling serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2021; 354: 577541. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577541.