Sitagliptin in combination with metformin XR in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes Review article
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Published:
Mar 31, 2024
Keywords:
type 2 diabetes, sitagliptin, metformin
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Abstract
Sitagliptin is the first gliptin registered on the market, hence it is the best known among them in terms of effectiveness, tolerance, and safety. Sitagliptin is a selective inhibitor of the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4). In monotherapy, it reduces HbA1c levels by 0.6–0.8%. Compared to placebo and sulfonylureas, sitagliptin therapy is characterized by a lower risk of hypoglycemia. Sitagliptin has the greatest anorectic effect among gliptins, causing a slight decrease in weight, which is beneficial for a patient with diabetes. The use of sitagliptin also positively affects the improvement of other cardiometabolic risk factors: it reduces triglyceride levels and improves the lipid profile, as well as lowers systolic blood pressure. It can be used in monotherapy, combination therapy, or as adjunctive therapy to insulin. Dual-drug preparations available on the market (sitagliptin combined with extended-release metformin) additionally improve the tolerance of metformin treatment and increase patient comfort, allowing for once-daily dosing of the combination drug.
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How to Cite
Cyganek, K. (2024). Sitagliptin in combination with metformin XR in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 17(1(62), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.MF.0124.08
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References
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14. Roussel R, Duran-Garcia S, Zhang Y et al. Double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of continuing or discontinuing the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when initiating insulin glargine therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CompoSIT-I Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019; 21: 781-90.
15. Sharma M, Beckley N, Nazareth I et al. Effectiveness of sitagliptin compared to sulfonylureas for type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017; 7: e017260. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017260.
16. Deng Y, Polley EC, Wallach JD et al. Comparative effectiveness of second line glucose lowering drug treatments using real world data: emulation of a target trial. BMJ Med. 2023; 2: e000419. http://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjmed-2022-000419.
17. Williams-Herman D, Engel S, Round E et al. Safety and tolerability of sitagliptin in clinical studies: a pooled analysis of data from 10,246 patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord. 2010; 10: 7.
18. Elhini SH, Hussien AK, Omran AA et al. Efficacy and safety profile of sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2021; 48(12): 1589-602.
19. Janani L, Bamehr H, Tanha K et al. Effects of Sitagliptin as Monotherapy and Add-On to Metformin on Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug Res. 2021; 71: 477-88.
20. Levy J, Cobas RA, Gomes MB. Assessment of efficacy and tolerability of once-daily extended release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2010; 2: 16-22.
21. Martinez-Martin FJ, Rios-Gomez C, Santana-Ojeda B et al. Rechallenge with a single-pill combination of sitagliptin plus extended-release metformin in patients labelled as metformin-intolerant: Mostly successful. Endocrine Abstracts. 2023; 90: EP1105. http://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.90.EP1105.
22. Filipiak KJ, Barrios V, Ferri C et al. STRUGGLE FOR. Italian-Polish-Spanish-Uzbek--Vietnamese Expert Forum Position Paper 2023 for better control of classical modifiable risk factors in clinical practice. Cardiol J. 2023; 30(6): 859-69. http://doi.org/10.5603/cj.96912.
23. Wu Z, Chen FW, Wu ZZ et al. Analysis of pharmacoeconomic value of sitagliptin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021; 25: 7058-65.
24. Hong JH, Moon JS, Seong K et al. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and safety of sitagliptin, dapagliflozin, or lobeglitazone adjunct therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea and metformin: Third agent study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023; 203: 110872. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110872.
25. Shields BM, Dennis JM, Angwin CD et al.; TriMaster Study group. Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study. Nat Med. 2023; 29(2): 384-91.
26. Zakaraia HG, Salem HF, Mostafa MAA et al. Adding empagliflozin to sitagliptin plus metformin vs. adding sitagliptin to empagliflozin plus metformin as triple therapy in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week open trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023; 27(15): 7289-98.
2. Zalecenia kliniczne dotyczące postepowania u chorych na cukrzyce 2022. Stanowisko Polskiego Towarzystwa Diabetologicznego. Current Topics in Diabetes 2023. Curr Top Diabetes. 2022; 3(1): 1-140.
3. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359(15): 1577-89.
4. Nauck MA. Unraveling the science of incretin biology. Am J Med. 2009; 122(6 suppl): S3-S10. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjmed.2009.03.012.
5. Esposito K, Chiodini P, Maiorino MI et al. Glycaemic durability with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of long-term randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 2014; 4: e005442.
6. Karagiannis T, Paschos P, Paletas K et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the clinical setting: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012; 344: e1369.
7. Kubota A, Maeda H, Kanamori A et al. Pleiotropic effects of sitagliptin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Clin Med Res. 2012; 4: 309-13.
8. Shigematsu E, Yamakawa T, Kadonosono K et al. Effect of Sitagliptin on Lipid Profile in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med Res. 2014; 6(5): 327-35.
9. Monami M, Lamanna C, Desideri CM et al. DPP-4 inhibitors and lipids: systematic review and meta-analysis. Adv Ther. 2012; 29(1): 14-25.
10. Engel SS, Williams-Herman DE, Golm GT et al. Sitagliptin: review of preclinical and clinical data regarding incidence of pancreatitis. Int J Clin Pract. 2010; 64(7): 984-90.
11. Eurich D, Simpson S, Senthilselvan A et al. Comparative safety and effectiveness of sitagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes: retrospective population based cohort study. BMJ. 2013; 346: f2267.
12. Goossen K, Graber S. Longer term safety of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in ptients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: systematic review and meta- analysis. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2012; 14: 1061-72.
13. Arjona Ferreira JC, Marre M, Barzilai N et al. Efficacy and safety of sitagliptin versus glipizide in patients with type 2 diabetes and moderate-tosevere chronic renal insufficiency. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36(5): 1067-73.
14. Roussel R, Duran-Garcia S, Zhang Y et al. Double-blind, randomized clinical trial comparing the efficacy and safety of continuing or discontinuing the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor sitagliptin when initiating insulin glargine therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes: The CompoSIT-I Study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2019; 21: 781-90.
15. Sharma M, Beckley N, Nazareth I et al. Effectiveness of sitagliptin compared to sulfonylureas for type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2017; 7: e017260. http://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017260.
16. Deng Y, Polley EC, Wallach JD et al. Comparative effectiveness of second line glucose lowering drug treatments using real world data: emulation of a target trial. BMJ Med. 2023; 2: e000419. http://doi.org/10.1136/ bmjmed-2022-000419.
17. Williams-Herman D, Engel S, Round E et al. Safety and tolerability of sitagliptin in clinical studies: a pooled analysis of data from 10,246 patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Endocr Disord. 2010; 10: 7.
18. Elhini SH, Hussien AK, Omran AA et al. Efficacy and safety profile of sitagliptin, vildagliptin, and metformin in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic subjects. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2021; 48(12): 1589-602.
19. Janani L, Bamehr H, Tanha K et al. Effects of Sitagliptin as Monotherapy and Add-On to Metformin on Weight Loss among Overweight and Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Drug Res. 2021; 71: 477-88.
20. Levy J, Cobas RA, Gomes MB. Assessment of efficacy and tolerability of once-daily extended release metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetol Metab Syndr. 2010; 2: 16-22.
21. Martinez-Martin FJ, Rios-Gomez C, Santana-Ojeda B et al. Rechallenge with a single-pill combination of sitagliptin plus extended-release metformin in patients labelled as metformin-intolerant: Mostly successful. Endocrine Abstracts. 2023; 90: EP1105. http://doi.org/10.1530/endoabs.90.EP1105.
22. Filipiak KJ, Barrios V, Ferri C et al. STRUGGLE FOR. Italian-Polish-Spanish-Uzbek--Vietnamese Expert Forum Position Paper 2023 for better control of classical modifiable risk factors in clinical practice. Cardiol J. 2023; 30(6): 859-69. http://doi.org/10.5603/cj.96912.
23. Wu Z, Chen FW, Wu ZZ et al. Analysis of pharmacoeconomic value of sitagliptin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021; 25: 7058-65.
24. Hong JH, Moon JS, Seong K et al. Comparison of therapeutic efficacy and safety of sitagliptin, dapagliflozin, or lobeglitazone adjunct therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled on sulfonylurea and metformin: Third agent study. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2023; 203: 110872. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2023.110872.
25. Shields BM, Dennis JM, Angwin CD et al.; TriMaster Study group. Patient preference for second- and third-line therapies in type 2 diabetes: a prespecified secondary endpoint of the TriMaster study. Nat Med. 2023; 29(2): 384-91.
26. Zakaraia HG, Salem HF, Mostafa MAA et al. Adding empagliflozin to sitagliptin plus metformin vs. adding sitagliptin to empagliflozin plus metformin as triple therapy in Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes: a 12-week open trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023; 27(15): 7289-98.