Indapamide – unique drug in the management of hypertension Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2011
Keywords:
indapamid, sustained release form, diuretics, hypertension
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Abstract
Available clinical studies performed in the last few decades proved that indapamide is efficacious antihypertensive agent comparable to furosemid, thiazide diuretics, and other medications in the antihypertensive management. Indapamide can be used effectively in the circumstances of organic complication such as left ventrivular hypertrophy with advantages comparable to ACE inhibitors, calcium blockers and β-blockes and advantages even over hydrochlorothiazide and also for prevention of micro- and macrovascular complications and progression of nephropathy in diabetic patients as well as secondary stroke prevention. Compared to loop or thiazide diuretics indapamide shows almost no adverse metabolic effects especially with cholesterol and glucose levels and produces quite little toxicity providing good tolerance and safety. Due to unique acting mechanism of diuretic effects combined with a direct vascular action indapamide proved its efficacy in low renin hypertension most common among elderly patients.
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Domańska , M., & Grzywanowska-Łaniewska, I. (2011). Indapamide – unique drug in the management of hypertension. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 4(2(11), 41-49. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2534
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References
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5. Leenen F.H., Smith D.L., Farkas R.M. et al.: Cardiovascular effects of indapamide in hypertensive patients with or without renal failure. A doseresponse curve. Am. J. Med. 1988; 84(1B): 76-85.
6. Damien G., deBarochez B.H., Schiavi P.: Galenic development and pharmacokinetic profile of indapamide sustained release 1,5 mg. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1999; 37(supl. 1); 13-19.
7. Mironneau J.: Indapamide-induced inhibition of calcium movement in smooth muscles. Am. J. Med. 1988; 29(84, 1B): 10-14.
8. Grose J.H., Gbeassor F.M., Lebel M.: Differential effects of diuretics on eicosanoid biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot. Med. 1986; 24(2-3): 103-109.
9. Grimm M., Weidmann P., Meier A. et al.: Correction of altered noradrenaline reactivity in essential hypertension by indapamide. Br. Heart J. 1981; 46(4): 404-409.
10. Finch I., Hicks P.E., Moore R.A.: Changes in vascular reactivity in experimental hypertensive animals following treatment with indapamide. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1977; 29: 739-743.
11. Tamura A., Sato T., Fugii T.: Quenching action of oxygen radical by indapamide and its metabolites. J. Med. Pharm. Sci. 1987; 18: 1469.
12. Schini V.B., Dewey J., Vanhoutte P.M.: Effects of indapamide on endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated canine femoral arteries. Am. J. Cardiol. 1990; 65(17): 6H-10H.
13. Carretta R., Fabris B., Tonutti L. et al.: Effect of indapamide on the baroreceptor reflex in essential hypertension. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1983; 24(5): 579-583.
14. Harrower A.D., McFarlane G.: Antihypertensive therapy in diabetic patients. The use of indapamide. Am. J. Med. 1988; 84(1B): 89-91.
15. Osei K., Holland G., Falko J.M.: Indapamide. Effects on apoprotein, lipoprotein, and glucoregulation in ambulatory diabetic patients. Arch. Intern. Med. 1986; 146(10): 1973-1977.
16. Meyer-Sabellek W., Gotzen R., Heitz J., Arntz H.R., Schulte K.L.: Serum lipoprotein levels during long-term treatment of hypertension with indapamide. Hypertension 1985; 7(6 Pt 2): II170-174.
17. Kasiske B.L., Ma J.Z., Kalil R.S.N., Louis T.A.: Effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum lipids. Ann. Intern. Med. 1995; 122: 133-141.
18. Ames R.P., Kuritsky L.: Indapamide does it differ from low-dose thiazides? W: Cardiovascular drug therapy. Messerli E.H. (red.). Saunders, 1996: 432-434.
19. Leonetti G., Rappelli A., Salvetti A., Scapellato L.: Long-term effects of indapamide: final results of a 2-year Italian multicenter study in systemic hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 1990; 65: 67H-71H.
20. Schiavi P., Jochemsen R., Hiley M. et al.: Pharmacokinetics of slow and immediate release formulations of indapamide after repeated administration under fasting conditions and after food, in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 1996; Special Issue: 42.
21. Mallion J.M., Asmar R., Boutelant S., Guez D.: Twenty-four hour antihypertensive efficacy of indapamide, 1.5-mg sustained release: results of two randomized double-blind controlled studies. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1998; 32(4): 673-678.
22. Piotrowski W., Włodarczyk P., Jasiński B., Rywik S.: Ocena skuteczności i tolerancji indapamidu o powolnym uwalnianiu w dawce 1,5 mg u chorych powyżej 55. r.ż. z izolowanym nadciśnieniem skurczowym. Badanie STIP – 12-tygodniowe otwarte badanie wieloośrodkowe. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2001; 5(4): 245-254.
23. Głuszek J., Tykarski A., Duda R., Żołyniak B.: Ocena skuteczności i tolerancji indapamidu o powolnym uwalnianiu (Tertensif SR) u chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym łagodnym i umiarkowanym. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2004; 5(8).
24. Bulpitt C.J., Emeriau J.P., Knauf H. et al.: Equivalence study of antihypertensive effect of indapamide sustained-release (SR) 1,5 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and amlodipine 5 mg in hypertension. J. Hypertens. 1997; 5(supl. 4): 130-142.
25. Emeriau J.P., Knauf H., Pujadas J.O. et al.: A comparison of indapamide SR 1,5 mg with both amlodipine 5 mg and hydrochlorothiazyde 25 mg in elderly hypertensive patients: a randomized double-blind controlled study. J. Hypertens. 2001; 19: 343-350.
26. London G., Schmieder R., Calvo C.: Applanation tonometry: artery mechanical properties of indapamide SR vs candesartan and amlodipine: the X-CELLENT tonometry study. J. Hypertens. 2004; 22(supl. 2): S116.
27. Prisant L.M., Beall S.P., Nichoalds G.E. et al.: Biochemical, endocrine, and mineral effects of indapamide in black women. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1990; 30(2): 121-126.
28. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R. et al.: Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-2572.
29. Messerli F.H. et al.: Antyhypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorotiazyd as evaluated by ambulatory blond pressure monitoring: a metaanalysis of randomized trials. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2011; 57: 590-600.
30. Patel A. et al.: ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370(9590): 829-840.
31. Marre M., Puig J.G., Kokot F., Fernandez M., Jermendy G., Opie L. et al.: Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the NESTOR Study. J. Hypertens. 2004; 22(8): 1613-1622.
32. Gosse P., Sheridan D.J., Zannad F. et al. (on behalf of the LIVE investigators): Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1.5 mg versus enalapril 20 mg: the LIVE study. J. Hypertens. 2000; 18(10): 1465-1475.
33. Senior R., Imbs J.L., Bory M. et al.: Indapamide reduces hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: an international multicenter study. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1993; 22(supl. 6): 106-110.
34. Böcker W., Hupf H., Grimm D., Kurzidim K., Schunkert H.: Effects of Indapamide in Rats with Pressure Overload Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2000; 36(4): 481-486.
35. Sheridan D.J.: Regression of left ventricule hypertrophy: do antihypertensive class differ? J. Hypertens. 2000; 18: S21-S27.
36. Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. PATS Collaborating Group. Chin. Med. J. 1995; 108(9): 710-717.
37. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358(9287): 1033-1041.
38. Beckett N.S., Peters R., Fletcher A.E. et al.; HYVET Study Group. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358(18): 1887-1898.
39. Uruski P., Tykarski A.: Miejsce indapamidu o przedłużonym uwalnianiu w terapii nadciśnienia tętniczego. Nadciś. Tęt. 2009; 13(supl. B): B1-B24.
40. Dahlöf B., Gosse P., Guéret P. et al.; The PICXEL Investigators: Perindopril/indapamide combination more effective than enalapril in reducing blood pressure and left ventricular mass: the PICXEL study. J. Hypertens. 2005; 23(11): 2063-2070.
41. Mogensen C.E., Viberti G., Halimi S. et al.; Preterax in Albuminuria Regression (PREMIER) Study Group: Effect of low-dose erindopril/indapamide on albuminuria in diabetes: preterax in albuminuria regression: PREMIER. Hypertension 2003; 41(5): 1063-71.
2. Więcek A., Chudek J.: Leki moczopędne. W: Nadciśnienie tętnicze. Januszewicz J. (red.). Medycyna Praktyczna, Kraków 2007: 1039-1043.
3. Grebow P.E., Treitman J.A., Barry E.P. et al.: Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of indapamide – a new antihypertensive drug. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1982; 22(4): 295-299.
4. Caruso F.S., Szabadi R.R., Vukovich R.A.: Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacology of indapamide. American Heart Journal 1983 July; 106(1, Pt 2): 212-220.
5. Leenen F.H., Smith D.L., Farkas R.M. et al.: Cardiovascular effects of indapamide in hypertensive patients with or without renal failure. A doseresponse curve. Am. J. Med. 1988; 84(1B): 76-85.
6. Damien G., deBarochez B.H., Schiavi P.: Galenic development and pharmacokinetic profile of indapamide sustained release 1,5 mg. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 1999; 37(supl. 1); 13-19.
7. Mironneau J.: Indapamide-induced inhibition of calcium movement in smooth muscles. Am. J. Med. 1988; 29(84, 1B): 10-14.
8. Grose J.H., Gbeassor F.M., Lebel M.: Differential effects of diuretics on eicosanoid biosynthesis. Prostaglandins Leukot. Med. 1986; 24(2-3): 103-109.
9. Grimm M., Weidmann P., Meier A. et al.: Correction of altered noradrenaline reactivity in essential hypertension by indapamide. Br. Heart J. 1981; 46(4): 404-409.
10. Finch I., Hicks P.E., Moore R.A.: Changes in vascular reactivity in experimental hypertensive animals following treatment with indapamide. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 1977; 29: 739-743.
11. Tamura A., Sato T., Fugii T.: Quenching action of oxygen radical by indapamide and its metabolites. J. Med. Pharm. Sci. 1987; 18: 1469.
12. Schini V.B., Dewey J., Vanhoutte P.M.: Effects of indapamide on endothelium-dependent relaxations in isolated canine femoral arteries. Am. J. Cardiol. 1990; 65(17): 6H-10H.
13. Carretta R., Fabris B., Tonutti L. et al.: Effect of indapamide on the baroreceptor reflex in essential hypertension. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1983; 24(5): 579-583.
14. Harrower A.D., McFarlane G.: Antihypertensive therapy in diabetic patients. The use of indapamide. Am. J. Med. 1988; 84(1B): 89-91.
15. Osei K., Holland G., Falko J.M.: Indapamide. Effects on apoprotein, lipoprotein, and glucoregulation in ambulatory diabetic patients. Arch. Intern. Med. 1986; 146(10): 1973-1977.
16. Meyer-Sabellek W., Gotzen R., Heitz J., Arntz H.R., Schulte K.L.: Serum lipoprotein levels during long-term treatment of hypertension with indapamide. Hypertension 1985; 7(6 Pt 2): II170-174.
17. Kasiske B.L., Ma J.Z., Kalil R.S.N., Louis T.A.: Effects of antihypertensive therapy on serum lipids. Ann. Intern. Med. 1995; 122: 133-141.
18. Ames R.P., Kuritsky L.: Indapamide does it differ from low-dose thiazides? W: Cardiovascular drug therapy. Messerli E.H. (red.). Saunders, 1996: 432-434.
19. Leonetti G., Rappelli A., Salvetti A., Scapellato L.: Long-term effects of indapamide: final results of a 2-year Italian multicenter study in systemic hypertension. Am. J. Cardiol. 1990; 65: 67H-71H.
20. Schiavi P., Jochemsen R., Hiley M. et al.: Pharmacokinetics of slow and immediate release formulations of indapamide after repeated administration under fasting conditions and after food, in healthy volunteers. Eur. J. Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet. 1996; Special Issue: 42.
21. Mallion J.M., Asmar R., Boutelant S., Guez D.: Twenty-four hour antihypertensive efficacy of indapamide, 1.5-mg sustained release: results of two randomized double-blind controlled studies. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1998; 32(4): 673-678.
22. Piotrowski W., Włodarczyk P., Jasiński B., Rywik S.: Ocena skuteczności i tolerancji indapamidu o powolnym uwalnianiu w dawce 1,5 mg u chorych powyżej 55. r.ż. z izolowanym nadciśnieniem skurczowym. Badanie STIP – 12-tygodniowe otwarte badanie wieloośrodkowe. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2001; 5(4): 245-254.
23. Głuszek J., Tykarski A., Duda R., Żołyniak B.: Ocena skuteczności i tolerancji indapamidu o powolnym uwalnianiu (Tertensif SR) u chorych z nadciśnieniem tętniczym łagodnym i umiarkowanym. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2004; 5(8).
24. Bulpitt C.J., Emeriau J.P., Knauf H. et al.: Equivalence study of antihypertensive effect of indapamide sustained-release (SR) 1,5 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 25 mg and amlodipine 5 mg in hypertension. J. Hypertens. 1997; 5(supl. 4): 130-142.
25. Emeriau J.P., Knauf H., Pujadas J.O. et al.: A comparison of indapamide SR 1,5 mg with both amlodipine 5 mg and hydrochlorothiazyde 25 mg in elderly hypertensive patients: a randomized double-blind controlled study. J. Hypertens. 2001; 19: 343-350.
26. London G., Schmieder R., Calvo C.: Applanation tonometry: artery mechanical properties of indapamide SR vs candesartan and amlodipine: the X-CELLENT tonometry study. J. Hypertens. 2004; 22(supl. 2): S116.
27. Prisant L.M., Beall S.P., Nichoalds G.E. et al.: Biochemical, endocrine, and mineral effects of indapamide in black women. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1990; 30(2): 121-126.
28. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R. et al.: Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-2572.
29. Messerli F.H. et al.: Antyhypertensive efficacy of hydrochlorotiazyd as evaluated by ambulatory blond pressure monitoring: a metaanalysis of randomized trials. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2011; 57: 590-600.
30. Patel A. et al.: ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide on macrovascular and microvascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (the ADVANCE trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2007; 370(9590): 829-840.
31. Marre M., Puig J.G., Kokot F., Fernandez M., Jermendy G., Opie L. et al.: Equivalence of indapamide SR and enalapril on microalbuminuria reduction in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes: the NESTOR Study. J. Hypertens. 2004; 22(8): 1613-1622.
32. Gosse P., Sheridan D.J., Zannad F. et al. (on behalf of the LIVE investigators): Regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients treated with indapamide SR 1.5 mg versus enalapril 20 mg: the LIVE study. J. Hypertens. 2000; 18(10): 1465-1475.
33. Senior R., Imbs J.L., Bory M. et al.: Indapamide reduces hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: an international multicenter study. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1993; 22(supl. 6): 106-110.
34. Böcker W., Hupf H., Grimm D., Kurzidim K., Schunkert H.: Effects of Indapamide in Rats with Pressure Overload Left Ventricular Hypertrophy. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2000; 36(4): 481-486.
35. Sheridan D.J.: Regression of left ventricule hypertrophy: do antihypertensive class differ? J. Hypertens. 2000; 18: S21-S27.
36. Post-stroke antihypertensive treatment study. A preliminary result. PATS Collaborating Group. Chin. Med. J. 1995; 108(9): 710-717.
37. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358(9287): 1033-1041.
38. Beckett N.S., Peters R., Fletcher A.E. et al.; HYVET Study Group. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358(18): 1887-1898.
39. Uruski P., Tykarski A.: Miejsce indapamidu o przedłużonym uwalnianiu w terapii nadciśnienia tętniczego. Nadciś. Tęt. 2009; 13(supl. B): B1-B24.
40. Dahlöf B., Gosse P., Guéret P. et al.; The PICXEL Investigators: Perindopril/indapamide combination more effective than enalapril in reducing blood pressure and left ventricular mass: the PICXEL study. J. Hypertens. 2005; 23(11): 2063-2070.
41. Mogensen C.E., Viberti G., Halimi S. et al.; Preterax in Albuminuria Regression (PREMIER) Study Group: Effect of low-dose erindopril/indapamide on albuminuria in diabetes: preterax in albuminuria regression: PREMIER. Hypertension 2003; 41(5): 1063-71.