Chlorthalidone – the forgotten diuretic with huge possibilities? Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2012
Keywords:
diuretics, chlorthalidone, hydrochlorothiazide, arterial hypertension
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Abstract
Diuretics are drugs commonly used in therapy of hypertension and other diseases. Among diuretics, thiazides are first – line hypotensive drugs in therapy of hypertension. Hydrochlorothiazide has become by far the most commonly prescribed antihypertensive drug. Recently its low doses efficacy and cardiovascular benefits are questioned. As alternative the chlortalidon has been indicated. Clinical trials and smaller studies are presented in the article comparing both drugs in regard to their hypotensive efficacy and influence on cardiovascular risk reduction.
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How to Cite
Lewandowski, J. (2012). Chlorthalidone – the forgotten diuretic with huge possibilities?. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 5(2(15), 23-30. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2462
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References
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14. Bengtsson C., Johnsson G., Sannerstedt R., Werko L.: Effect of different doses of chlorthalidone on blood pressure, serum potassium, and serum urate. BMJ 1975; 1: 197-199.
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16. Finnerty F.A. Jr.: A double-blind study of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide in an outpatient population of moderate hypertensives. Angiology 1976; 27: 738-744.
17. Ernst M.E., Carter B.L., Goerdt C.J., Steffensmeier J.J.G., Phillips B.B., Zimmerman M.B., Bergus G.R.: Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure. Hypertension 2006; 47: 352-358.
18. Ernst M.E., Carter B.L., Zheng S., Grimm R.H.: Meta-analysis of dose–response characteristics of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone: effects on systolic blood pressure and potassium. Am. J. Hypertens. 2010; 23: 440-446.
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21. Ernst M.E., Neaton J.D., Grimm R.H., Collins G., Thomas W., Soliman E.Z., Prineas R.J.; for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: Long-Term Effects of Chlorthalidone Versus Hydrochlorothiazide on Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Hypertension 2011; 58: 1001-1007.
22. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: Mortality after 10 1⁄2 years for hypertensive participants in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Circulation 1990; 82: 1616-1628.
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24. SHEP Cooperative Research Group: Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255-3264.
25. Rosei E.A., Dal Palù C., Leonetti G. et al.: Clinical results of the Verapamil in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Study. VHAS Investigators. J. Hypertens. 1997; 15(11): 1337-44.
26. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-2997.
27. ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2000; 283: 1967-75.
28. Dorsch M.P., Gillespie B.W., Erickson S.R., Bleske B.E., Weder A.B.: Chlorthalidone Reduces Cardiovascular Events Compared With Hydrochlorothiazide: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Hypertension 2011; 57: 689-694.
29. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Coronary heart disease death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction and other clinical outcomes in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Am. J. Cardiol.1986; 58: 1-13.
2. Zasady postępowania w nadciśnieniu tętniczym – 2011 rok. Wytyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Nadciśnienia Tętniczego. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2011; 5(2): 55-82.
3. Chobanian A.V., Bakris G.L., Black H.R., Cushman W.C., Green L.A., Izzo J.L. Jr., Jones D.W., Materson B.J., Oparil S., Wright J.T. Jr., Roccella E.J.; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure; National High Blood Pressure Education Program Coordinating Committee: The Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-2572.
4. NICE. Guidelines [online].
5. Diuretyki w leczeniu nadciśnienia tętniczego i chorób nerek. Tykarski A., Manitius J. (red.). Via-Medica, 2006.
6. Carter B.L., Ernst M.E., Cohen J.D.: Hydrochlorothiazide versus chlorthalidone: evidence supporting their interchangeability. Hypertension 2004; 43: 4-9.
7. McLeod P.J., Ogilvie R.I., Ruedy J.: Effects of large and small doses of hydrochlorothiazide in hypertensive patients. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1970; 11: 733-739.
8. Freis E.D., Reda D.J., Materson B.J.: Volume (weight) loss and blood pressure response following thiazide diuretics. Hypertension 1988; 12: 244-250.
9. Degnbol B., Dorph S., Marner T.: The effect of different diuretics on elevated blood pressure and serum potassium. Acta Med. Scand. 1973; 193: 407-410.
10. Kohvakka A., Salo H., Gordin A., Eisalo A.: Antihypertensive and biochemical effects of different doses of hydrochlorothiazide alone or in combination with triamterene. Acta Med. Scand. 1986; 219: 381-386.
11. Mach R.S., Veyrat R.: Clinical experiences with some of the newer diuretics, especially chlorthalidone. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 1960; 88: 841-863.
12. Kakaviotos N., Finnerty F.A. Jr.: Comparison of chlorthalidone, a longacting antihypertensive and diuretic agent, with chlorothiazide. Am. J. Cardiol. 1962; 10: 570-574.
13. Materson B.J., Oster J.R., Michael U.F., Bolton S.M., Burton Z.C., Stambaugh J.E., Morledge J.: Dose response to chlorthalidone in patients with mild hypertension: efficacy of a lower dose. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1978; 24: 192-198.
14. Bengtsson C., Johnsson G., Sannerstedt R., Werko L.: Effect of different doses of chlorthalidone on blood pressure, serum potassium, and serum urate. BMJ 1975; 1: 197-199.
15. Bowlus W.E., Langford H.G.: A comparison of the antihypertensive effect of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1964; 5: 708-711.
16. Finnerty F.A. Jr.: A double-blind study of chlorthalidone and hydrochlorothiazide in an outpatient population of moderate hypertensives. Angiology 1976; 27: 738-744.
17. Ernst M.E., Carter B.L., Goerdt C.J., Steffensmeier J.J.G., Phillips B.B., Zimmerman M.B., Bergus G.R.: Comparative antihypertensive effects of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone on ambulatory and office blood pressure. Hypertension 2006; 47: 352-358.
18. Ernst M.E., Carter B.L., Zheng S., Grimm R.H.: Meta-analysis of dose–response characteristics of hydrochlorothiazide and chlorthalidone: effects on systolic blood pressure and potassium. Am. J. Hypertens. 2010; 23: 440-446.
19. Kannel W.B.: Left ventricular hypertrophy as a risk factor: the Framingham experience. J. Hypertens. 1991; 9(Suppl. 2): 3-9.
20. Levy D., Garrison R.J., Savage D.D., Kannel W.B., Castelli W.P.: Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990; 332: 1561-1566.
21. Ernst M.E., Neaton J.D., Grimm R.H., Collins G., Thomas W., Soliman E.Z., Prineas R.J.; for the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: Long-Term Effects of Chlorthalidone Versus Hydrochlorothiazide on Electrocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Hypertension 2011; 58: 1001-1007.
22. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group: Mortality after 10 1⁄2 years for hypertensive participants in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Circulation 1990; 82: 1616-1628.
23. Neaton J.D., Grimm R.H., Prineas R.J., Stamler J., Grandits G.A., Elmer P.J. et al.; for the TOMHS Research Group: Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Final results. JAMA 1993; 270: 713-24.
24. SHEP Cooperative Research Group: Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255-3264.
25. Rosei E.A., Dal Palù C., Leonetti G. et al.: Clinical results of the Verapamil in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis Study. VHAS Investigators. J. Hypertens. 1997; 15(11): 1337-44.
26. ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-2997.
27. ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major cardiovascular events in hypertensive patients randomized to doxazosin vs chlorthalidone: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2000; 283: 1967-75.
28. Dorsch M.P., Gillespie B.W., Erickson S.R., Bleske B.E., Weder A.B.: Chlorthalidone Reduces Cardiovascular Events Compared With Hydrochlorothiazide: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis. Hypertension 2011; 57: 689-694.
29. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Coronary heart disease death, nonfatal acute myocardial infarction and other clinical outcomes in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Am. J. Cardiol.1986; 58: 1-13.