Amlodipine – state of art Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2013
Keywords:
amlodipine, arterial hypertension, evidence based medicine, indications
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Abstract
Amlodipine is a dihydropyridine derivative, blocking the L-type calcium channels, especially in the arterial wall. It shows antihypertensive and antianginal. The advantage is the long duration of action (possible with once daily dosing) and the metabolic neutrality. Indications for treatment include: hypertension (alone or in combination), and symptomatic treatment of angina pectoris, including Prinzmetal’s angina. It can be used as antihypertensive or antianginal in chronic heart failure. In treatment particularly preferred combination is the combination of amlodipine with an ACE inhibitor. Clinical studies have confirmed the efficacy of antihypertensive amlodipine, and demonstrated its role in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular complications.
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Wydra, W., & Kuch , M. (2013). Amlodipine – state of art. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 6(2(19), 7-14. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2409
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References
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5. Czarnecka D., Bednarek A.: Amlodypina – idealny lek w terapii skojarzonej w nadciśnieniu tętniczym. Medycyna Faktów 2012; 1(14): 43-48.
6. Dahlof B., Sever P.S., Poulter N.R. et al.: Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895-906.
7. Fox K., Alonso Garcia M.A., Ardissino D. et al.: Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: the Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 2006; 27: 1341-81.
8. Grobbee D.E., Bots M.L.: Carotid artery intima-media thickness as an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis. J. Intern. Med. 1994; 236: 567-573.
9. Jamerson K., Weber M.A., Bakris G.L. et al.; ACCOMPLISH trial investigators: Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 359: 2417-2428.
10. Januszewicz A., Prejbisz A.: Miejsce inhibitorów konwertazy angiotensyny i antagonistów wapnia w terapii nadciśnienia tętniczego. Medical Education 2012.
11. Jorgensen B., Simonsen S., Endresen K. et al.: Restenosis and clinical outcomes in patients treated with amlodipine after angioplasty: results from Coronary AngioPlasty Amlodipine REstenosis Study (CAPARES). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000; 35: 592-599.
12. Julius S., Kjeldsen S.E., Weber M. et al.: VALUE trial group: Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363(9426): 2022-31.
13. Ko Y., Totzke G., Graack G.H. et al.: Action of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists on early growth response gene expression and cell growth in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Hypertens. 1993; 11: 1171-1178.
14. Neaton J.D., Grimm R.H., Prineas R.J. et al.: Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Final results. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Research Group. JAMA 1993; 270: 713-724.
15. Nissen S.E., Tuzcu E.M., Libby P. et al.; for the CAMELOT Investigators: Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: The CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 2217-2226.
16. Mancia G., Fagard R., Narkiewicz K. et al.: 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal 2013; 151: 1-72.
17. Mason R.P.: Cytoprotective properties of a long-acting calcium channel blocker: new mechanism of action. Am. J. Hypertens. 1998; 11: 245A-249A.
18. Matsushita K., Muramatsu T., Kondo T. et al.: Rationale and design of the NAGOYA HEART Study: comparison between valsartan and amlodipine regarding morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension and glucose intolerance. J. Cardiol. 2010; 56: 111-7.
19. O’Connor C.M., Carson P.E., Miller A.B. et al.: Effect of amlodipine on mode of death among patients with advanced heart failure in the PRAISE trial. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation. Am. J. Cardiol. 1998; 82(7): 881-7.
20. Pitt B., Byington R.P., Furberg C.D. et al.: Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurance of clinical events. Circulation 2000; 26: 1503-1510.
21. Reichek N., Devereux R.B, Rocha R.A. et al.: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Left Ventricular Mass Reduction With Fixed-Dose Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Based Regimens in Patients With High-Risk Hypertension. Hypertension 2009; 54: 731-737.
22. Tulenko T.N., Laury-Kleintop L., Walter M.F. et al.: Cholesterol, calcium and atherosclerosis: is there a role for calcium channel blockers in atheroprotection? Int. J. Cardiol. 1997; 62(supl. 2): 55S-66S.
23. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-2997.
24. Widecka K., Grodzicki T., Narkiewicz K. et al.: Zasady postępowania w nadciśnieniu tętniczym – 2011 rok. Wytyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Nadciśnienia Tętniczego. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2011; 15: 211-235.
25. Williams B., Lacy P.S., Thom S.M. et al.: Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation 2006; 113: 1213-1225.
26. Zhang X., Hintze T.H.: Amlodypine releases nitric oxide from canine coronary microvessels: an unexpected mechanism of action of a calcium channel-blocking agent. Circulation 1998; 97: 576-580.
2. Boutouyrie P., Achouba A., Trunet P. et al.; for the EXPLOR Trialist Group: Amlodipine-Valsartan Combination Decreases Central Systolic Blood Pressure More Effectively Than the Amlodipine-Atenolol Combination. The EXPLOR Study. Hypertension 2010; 55: 1314-1322.
3. Byington R.P., Miller M.E., Herrington D. et al.; for the PREVENT Investigators: Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the Prospective Randomized Evaluation of the Vascular Effects of Norvasc Trial (PREVENT). Am. J. Cardiol. 1997; 80: 1087-1090.
4. Chrysant S.G., Melino M., Karki S. et al.: The Combination of Olmesartan Medoxomil and Amlodipine Besylate in Controlling High Blood Pressure: COACH, a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, 8-Week Factorial Efficacy and Safety Study. Clin. Ther. 2008; 30: 587-604.
5. Czarnecka D., Bednarek A.: Amlodypina – idealny lek w terapii skojarzonej w nadciśnieniu tętniczym. Medycyna Faktów 2012; 1(14): 43-48.
6. Dahlof B., Sever P.S., Poulter N.R. et al.: Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895-906.
7. Fox K., Alonso Garcia M.A., Ardissino D. et al.: Guidelines on the management of stable angina pectoris: executive summary: the Task Force on the Management of Stable Angina Pectoris of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 2006; 27: 1341-81.
8. Grobbee D.E., Bots M.L.: Carotid artery intima-media thickness as an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis. J. Intern. Med. 1994; 236: 567-573.
9. Jamerson K., Weber M.A., Bakris G.L. et al.; ACCOMPLISH trial investigators: Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 359: 2417-2428.
10. Januszewicz A., Prejbisz A.: Miejsce inhibitorów konwertazy angiotensyny i antagonistów wapnia w terapii nadciśnienia tętniczego. Medical Education 2012.
11. Jorgensen B., Simonsen S., Endresen K. et al.: Restenosis and clinical outcomes in patients treated with amlodipine after angioplasty: results from Coronary AngioPlasty Amlodipine REstenosis Study (CAPARES). J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2000; 35: 592-599.
12. Julius S., Kjeldsen S.E., Weber M. et al.: VALUE trial group: Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363(9426): 2022-31.
13. Ko Y., Totzke G., Graack G.H. et al.: Action of dihydropyridine calcium antagonists on early growth response gene expression and cell growth in vascular smooth muscle cells. J. Hypertens. 1993; 11: 1171-1178.
14. Neaton J.D., Grimm R.H., Prineas R.J. et al.: Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study. Final results. Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study Research Group. JAMA 1993; 270: 713-724.
15. Nissen S.E., Tuzcu E.M., Libby P. et al.; for the CAMELOT Investigators: Effect of antihypertensive agents on cardiovascular events in patients with coronary disease and normal blood pressure: The CAMELOT study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2004; 292: 2217-2226.
16. Mancia G., Fagard R., Narkiewicz K. et al.: 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal 2013; 151: 1-72.
17. Mason R.P.: Cytoprotective properties of a long-acting calcium channel blocker: new mechanism of action. Am. J. Hypertens. 1998; 11: 245A-249A.
18. Matsushita K., Muramatsu T., Kondo T. et al.: Rationale and design of the NAGOYA HEART Study: comparison between valsartan and amlodipine regarding morbidity and mortality in patients with hypertension and glucose intolerance. J. Cardiol. 2010; 56: 111-7.
19. O’Connor C.M., Carson P.E., Miller A.B. et al.: Effect of amlodipine on mode of death among patients with advanced heart failure in the PRAISE trial. Prospective Randomized Amlodipine Survival Evaluation. Am. J. Cardiol. 1998; 82(7): 881-7.
20. Pitt B., Byington R.P., Furberg C.D. et al.: Effect of amlodipine on the progression of atherosclerosis and the occurance of clinical events. Circulation 2000; 26: 1503-1510.
21. Reichek N., Devereux R.B, Rocha R.A. et al.: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Left Ventricular Mass Reduction With Fixed-Dose Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Based Regimens in Patients With High-Risk Hypertension. Hypertension 2009; 54: 731-737.
22. Tulenko T.N., Laury-Kleintop L., Walter M.F. et al.: Cholesterol, calcium and atherosclerosis: is there a role for calcium channel blockers in atheroprotection? Int. J. Cardiol. 1997; 62(supl. 2): 55S-66S.
23. The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group: Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-2997.
24. Widecka K., Grodzicki T., Narkiewicz K. et al.: Zasady postępowania w nadciśnieniu tętniczym – 2011 rok. Wytyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Nadciśnienia Tętniczego. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2011; 15: 211-235.
25. Williams B., Lacy P.S., Thom S.M. et al.: Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation 2006; 113: 1213-1225.
26. Zhang X., Hintze T.H.: Amlodypine releases nitric oxide from canine coronary microvessels: an unexpected mechanism of action of a calcium channel-blocking agent. Circulation 1998; 97: 576-580.