Multiple sclerosis – diagnosis and treatment Review article
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Published:
Sep 30, 2022
Keywords:
multiple sclerosis, pharmacotherapy, clinical course, new treatment
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Abstract
New drugs recently introduced into the treatment of multiple sclerosis are much more effective in reducing the frequency of relapses and the development of disability in patients. For this reason, it seems necessary to change the therapeutic approach and to earlier introduce new, highly effective drugs. The paper presents the results of studies justifying the introduction of highly effective therapy as the first-line treatment for patients with active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
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How to Cite
Stępień, A. (2022). Multiple sclerosis – diagnosis and treatment. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 15(3(56), 278-282. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.MF.0322.1
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References
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2. Multiple Sclerosis International Federation. Atlas of MS 2020-Mapping multiple sclerosis around the world . [last accessed: January 2021].
3. Pugliatti M, Rosati G, Carton H et al. The epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in Europe. Eur J Neurol. 2006; 13: 700-22. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01342.x .
4. Kapica-Topczewska K, Brola W, Fudala M et al. Prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Poland. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018; 21: 51-5. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2018.02.016.
5. Potemkowski A. Epidemiology of multiple sclerosis in the region of Szczecin: prevalence and incidence 1993-1995. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 1999; 33: 575-85.
6. Cree BAC, Gourraud PA, Oksenberg JR. Longterm evolution of multiple sclerosis disability in the treatment era. Ann Neurol. 2016; 80(4): 499-510. http://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24747.
7. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17(2): 162-73. http://doi.org/10.1016/ S1474-4422(17)30470-2.
8. Lorscheider J, Buzzard K, Jokubaitis V et al.; on behalf of the MSBase Study Group. Defining secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain. 2016; 139(9): 2395-405. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/aww173.
9. National MS Society. Types of MS . Last accessed: January 2021.
10. Langer-Gould A, Popat RA, Huang SM et al. Clinical and demographic predictors of long-term disability in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a systematic review. Arch Neurol. 2006; 63: 1686-91.
11. Giovannoni G, Bermel R, Phillips T, et al. A brief history of NEDA. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 20: 228-230.
12. Cree C, Gourraud PA, Oksenberg JR et al. Longterm evolution of multiple sclerosis disability in the treatment era. Ann Neurol. 2016; 80(4): 499-510. http://doi.org/10.1002/ana.24747.
13. Tremlett H, Devonshire V. Is late-onset multiple sclerosis associated with a worse outcome? Neurology. 2006; 67: 954-9.
14. Vukusic S, Confavreux C. Natural history of multiple sclerosis: risk factors and prognostic indicators. Curr Opin Neurol. 2007; 20: 269-74.
15. Confavreux C, Vukusic S, Adeleine P. Early clinical predictors and progression of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis: an amnesic process Brain. 2003; 126: 770-82.
16. Stephen H. Mobility device use in the United States. Disability statistics report 14 MF01/PC03 Plus Postage [online]. Available at: dsc.ucsf.edu.
17. NFZ. Programy profilaktyczne .
18. Brown JWL, Coles A, Horakowa D. Association of Initial Disease-Modifying Therapy With Later Conversion to Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. JAMA. 2019; 321(2): 175-87. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.20588.
19. Spelman T, Magyari M, Piehl F et al. Treatment Escalation vs Immediate Initiation of Highly Effective Treatment for Patients With Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Data From 2 Different National Strategies. JAMA Neurol. 2021; 78(10): 1197-204. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2738.
20. He A, Merkel B, Brown JWL et al. Timing of high-efficacy therapy for multiple sclerosis: a retrospective observational cohort study Lancet Neurology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422 (20) 30067-3.