How to start and continuing linagliptin therapy? Review article
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Published:
Sep 30, 2019
Keywords:
linagliptin, recommendations, therapy
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Abstract
The primary oral medicine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is metformin, unfortunately, in more than half of the cases after 3 years of metformin monotherapy it turns out to be insufficient. A common step is then to add the sulphonylureas. A better solution, without side effects, including the risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain, possible also in the case of patients with renal and hepatic insufficiency is the linagliptin. The article discusses the most important research proving the benefits of linagliptin treatment.
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Sapilak, B. J., & Mastalerz-Migas, A. (2019). How to start and continuing linagliptin therapy?. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 12(3(44), 258-260. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.MF.0319.12
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References
1. Heise T., Graefe-Mody E.U., Hüttner S. et al.: Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and tolerability of multiple oral doses of linagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor in male type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2009; 11: 786-794.
2. Del Prato S., Barnett A.H., Huisman H. et al.: Effect of linagliptin monotherapy on glycaemic control and markers of b-cell function in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2011; 13: 258-267.
3. Kawamori R., Inagaki N., Araki E. et al.: Linagliptin monotherapy improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with T2DM over 12 weeks [poster no. 0696-P]. 70th Annual Scientific Sessions of the ADA; 2010 Jun 25–29; Orlando (FL).
4. Lewin A.J., Arvay L., Liu D. et al.: Safety and efficacy of linagliptin as add-on therapy to a sulphonylurea in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (abstract no. 821). 46th Annual Meeting of the EASD; 2010 Sep 20–24; Stockholm.
5. Gallwitz B., Rosenstock J., Emser A. et al.: Linagliptin is more effective than glimepiride at achieving a composite outcome of A1c target with no hypoglycaemia and no weight gain over 2 years in mildly hyperglycaemic T2D pts on metformin [abstract no. 1044-P]. 72nd Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; 2012 Jun 8–12; Philadelphia (PA).
6. Del Prato S., Taskinen M.R., Owens D.R. et al.: Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control: pooled analysis of data from three placebo-controlled phase III trials. J. Diabetes Complications 2013; 27(3): 274-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.11.008.
7. Owens D.R., Swallow R., Dugi K.A. et al.: Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in persons type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and type sulphonylurea: a 24-week randomised study. Diabetic Med. 2011; 28: 1352-1361.
8. Gallwitz B., Uhlig-Laske B., Bhattacharaya S. et al.: Linagliptin has similar efficacy to glimepiride but improved cardiovascular safety over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin. 71th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association. San Diego, California, 2011; poster 39-LB.
9. Marx N., Rosenstock J., Kahn S.E. et al.: Design and baseline characteristics of the CARdiovascular Outcome Trial of LINAgliptin Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes (CAROLINA®). Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 2015; 12(3): 164-174. DOI: 10.1177/1479164115570301.
10. McGuire D.K., Alexander J.H., Johansen O.E. et al.: Linagliptin Effects on Heart Failure and Related Outcomes in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at High Cardiovascular and Renal Risk in CARMELINA. Circulation 2019; 139(3): 351-361. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038352.
2. Del Prato S., Barnett A.H., Huisman H. et al.: Effect of linagliptin monotherapy on glycaemic control and markers of b-cell function in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetes Obes. Metab. 2011; 13: 258-267.
3. Kawamori R., Inagaki N., Araki E. et al.: Linagliptin monotherapy improves glycemic control in Japanese patients with T2DM over 12 weeks [poster no. 0696-P]. 70th Annual Scientific Sessions of the ADA; 2010 Jun 25–29; Orlando (FL).
4. Lewin A.J., Arvay L., Liu D. et al.: Safety and efficacy of linagliptin as add-on therapy to a sulphonylurea in inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes (abstract no. 821). 46th Annual Meeting of the EASD; 2010 Sep 20–24; Stockholm.
5. Gallwitz B., Rosenstock J., Emser A. et al.: Linagliptin is more effective than glimepiride at achieving a composite outcome of A1c target with no hypoglycaemia and no weight gain over 2 years in mildly hyperglycaemic T2D pts on metformin [abstract no. 1044-P]. 72nd Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association; 2012 Jun 8–12; Philadelphia (PA).
6. Del Prato S., Taskinen M.R., Owens D.R. et al.: Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and poor glycemic control: pooled analysis of data from three placebo-controlled phase III trials. J. Diabetes Complications 2013; 27(3): 274-279. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.11.008.
7. Owens D.R., Swallow R., Dugi K.A. et al.: Efficacy and safety of linagliptin in persons type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled by a combination of metformin and type sulphonylurea: a 24-week randomised study. Diabetic Med. 2011; 28: 1352-1361.
8. Gallwitz B., Uhlig-Laske B., Bhattacharaya S. et al.: Linagliptin has similar efficacy to glimepiride but improved cardiovascular safety over 2 years in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on metformin. 71th Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association. San Diego, California, 2011; poster 39-LB.
9. Marx N., Rosenstock J., Kahn S.E. et al.: Design and baseline characteristics of the CARdiovascular Outcome Trial of LINAgliptin Versus Glimepiride in Type 2 Diabetes (CAROLINA®). Diab. Vasc. Dis. Res. 2015; 12(3): 164-174. DOI: 10.1177/1479164115570301.
10. McGuire D.K., Alexander J.H., Johansen O.E. et al.: Linagliptin Effects on Heart Failure and Related Outcomes in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at High Cardiovascular and Renal Risk in CARMELINA. Circulation 2019; 139(3): 351-361. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.038352.