Candesartan – from the beginning and for years to protect the heart and brain Review article
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Published:
Jun 20, 2022
Keywords:
candesartan, angiotensin receptor antagonist, hypertension, antihypertensive efficacy, adverse events
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Abstract
Candesartan has the highest selectivity for AT1 receptors among angiotensin receptor antagonists, shows high bioavailability and 24-hour antihypertensive activity. The antihypertensive efficacy of candesartan has been demonstrated in patients with mild to severe hypertension for both monotherapy and the combination of candesartan with a calcium antagonist or diuretic. Candesartan, in accordance with current guidelines, can be used to initiate antihypertensive therapy, especially in view of the availability of its combinations with other classes of antihypertensive drugs in the form of a single pill combination. The safety and very good tolerance of candesartan make it useful for the next years of therapy, and the proven cardio- and neuroprotective properties allow to positively influence the cardiovascular prognosis of patients.
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How to Cite
Stolarz-Skrzypek , K. (2022). Candesartan – from the beginning and for years to protect the heart and brain. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 15(2(55), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.MF.0222.6
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References
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9. Rakugi H, Ogihara T, Miyata Y. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil and amlodipine besilate compared with candesartan cilexetil monotherapy and amlodipine besilate monotherapy in Japanese patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension: a multicenter, 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Clin Ther. 2012; 34(4): 838-48.
10. Belcher G, Hübner R, George M et al. Candesartan cilexetil: safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers and patients with hypertension. J Human Hypertens. 1997; 11(suppl 2): S85-S89.
11. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 Practice Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology: ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018; 36(12): 2284-309.
12. Kario K, Hoshide S, Shimizu M et al. Effect of dosing time of angiotensin II receptor blockade titrated by self-measured blood pressure recordings on cardiorenal protection in hypertensives: the Japan Morning Surge-Target Organ Protection (J-TOP) study. J Hypertens. 2010; 28(7): 1574-83.
13. Ogihara T, Nakao K, Fukui T et al. Effects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial. Hypertension. 2008; 51(2): 393-8.
14. Ogihara T, Ueshima K, Nakao K et al. Long-term effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Japanese high-risk hypertensive patients: the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan Extension Study (CASE-J Ex). Hypertens Res. 2011; 34(12): 1295-301.
15. Escobar C, Barrios V, Calderón A et al. Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy regression induced by an angiotensin receptor blocker-based regimen in hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndrome: data from the SARA Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008; 10(3): 208-14.
16. Cuspidi C, Muiesan ML, Valagussa L et al. Comparative effects of candesartan and enalapril on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension: the candesartan assessment in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy (CATCH) study. J Hypertens. 2002; 20(11): 2293-300.
17. Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I et al. SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Principal results of a randomised double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003; 21: 875-86.
18. Saxby BK, Harrington F, Wesnes KA et al. Candesartan and cognitive decline in older patients with hypertension: a substudy of the SCOPE trial. Neurology. 2008; 70(19 Pt 2): 1858-66.
19. Tykarski A, Filipiak KJ, Januszewicz A. Zasady postępowania w nadciśnieniu tętniczym – 2019 rok. Wytyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Nadciśnienia Tętniczego. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze w Praktyce. 2019; 5(1): 1-86.
20. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB et al. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003; 362(9386): 759-66.
21. Ducharme A, Swedberg K, Pfeffer MA et al. Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Am Heart J. 2006; 152(1): 86-92.
2. Reif M, White WB, Fagan TC et al. Effects of candesartan cilexetil in patients with systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1998; 82: 961-5.
3. Fridman K, Andersson OK, Wysocki M et al. Effects of an acute dose of 16 mg candesartan cilexetil on systemic and renal haemodynamics in hypertensive patients. J Human Hypertens. 1997; 11(suppl 2): S43-S44.
4. Weisser B, Gerwe M, Braun M et al. Investigations of the antihypertensive long-term action of candesartan cilexetil in different dosages under the influence of therapy-free intervals. Arzneimittelforschung. 2005; 55(9): 505-13 [abstract].
5. Shimizu M, Ishikawa J, Yano Y et al. Association between asleep blood pressure and brain natriuretic peptide during antihypertensive treatment: the Japan Morning Surge-Target Organ Protection (J-TOP) study. J Hypertens. 2012; 30(5): 1015-21.
6. Minatoguchi S, Aoyama T, Kawai N et al. Comparative effect of candesartan and amlodipine, and effect of switching from valsartan, losartan, telmisartan and olmesartan to candesartan, on early morning hypertension and heart rate. Blood Press. 2013; 22(suppl 1): 29-37.
7. Lee HY, Hong BK, Chung WJ et al. Phase IV, 8-week, multicenter, randomized, active treatment-controlled, parallel group, efficacy, and tolerability study of high-dose candesartan cilexetil combined with hydrochlorothiazide in Korean adults with stage II hypertension. Clin Ther. 2011; 33(8): 1043-56.
8. Bönner G, Landers B, Bramlage P. Candesartan cilexetil/hydrochlorothiazide combination treatment versus high-dose candesartan cilexetil monotherapy in patients with mild to moderate cardiovascular risk (CHILI Triple T). Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2011; 7: 85-95.
9. Rakugi H, Ogihara T, Miyata Y. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with candesartan cilexetil and amlodipine besilate compared with candesartan cilexetil monotherapy and amlodipine besilate monotherapy in Japanese patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension: a multicenter, 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Clin Ther. 2012; 34(4): 838-48.
10. Belcher G, Hübner R, George M et al. Candesartan cilexetil: safety and tolerability in healthy volunteers and patients with hypertension. J Human Hypertens. 1997; 11(suppl 2): S85-S89.
11. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 Practice Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology: ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2018; 36(12): 2284-309.
12. Kario K, Hoshide S, Shimizu M et al. Effect of dosing time of angiotensin II receptor blockade titrated by self-measured blood pressure recordings on cardiorenal protection in hypertensives: the Japan Morning Surge-Target Organ Protection (J-TOP) study. J Hypertens. 2010; 28(7): 1574-83.
13. Ogihara T, Nakao K, Fukui T et al. Effects of candesartan compared with amlodipine in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: candesartan antihypertensive survival evaluation in Japan trial. Hypertension. 2008; 51(2): 393-8.
14. Ogihara T, Ueshima K, Nakao K et al. Long-term effects of candesartan and amlodipine on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in Japanese high-risk hypertensive patients: the Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan Extension Study (CASE-J Ex). Hypertens Res. 2011; 34(12): 1295-301.
15. Escobar C, Barrios V, Calderón A et al. Electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy regression induced by an angiotensin receptor blocker-based regimen in hypertensive patients with the metabolic syndrome: data from the SARA Study. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2008; 10(3): 208-14.
16. Cuspidi C, Muiesan ML, Valagussa L et al. Comparative effects of candesartan and enalapril on left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with essential hypertension: the candesartan assessment in the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy (CATCH) study. J Hypertens. 2002; 20(11): 2293-300.
17. Lithell H, Hansson L, Skoog I et al. SCOPE Study Group. The Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE). Principal results of a randomised double-blind intervention trial. J Hypertens. 2003; 21: 875-86.
18. Saxby BK, Harrington F, Wesnes KA et al. Candesartan and cognitive decline in older patients with hypertension: a substudy of the SCOPE trial. Neurology. 2008; 70(19 Pt 2): 1858-66.
19. Tykarski A, Filipiak KJ, Januszewicz A. Zasady postępowania w nadciśnieniu tętniczym – 2019 rok. Wytyczne Polskiego Towarzystwa Nadciśnienia Tętniczego. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze w Praktyce. 2019; 5(1): 1-86.
20. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB et al. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure: the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003; 362(9386): 759-66.
21. Ducharme A, Swedberg K, Pfeffer MA et al. Prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients with symptomatic chronic heart failure by candesartan in the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) program. Am Heart J. 2006; 152(1): 86-92.