The influence of risk factors associated with lifestyle on the development of breast cancer Review article
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Published:
Nov 13, 2018
Keywords:
risk factors, breast cancer, lifestyle
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Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common result of mutual correlation between hormonal determinants, environmental and genetic. Mechanisms of its development include: high estrogen concentration, impaired glucose metabolism, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, high levels of insulin-like growth factor 1, persistent inflammation and oxidative stress, and impaired cellular apoptosis. The aim of the study was to analyze data on the risk factors of breast cancer, which have been divided according to the period of diagnosis for pre-menopausal and postmenopausal. Due to the fact that a large part of the determinants of the occurrence of this cancer is modifiable, it is necessary to raise the awareness of the population about it. Maintaining proper body mass through the use of a balanced diet rich in calcium, non-starch vegetables and products rich in carotenoids, while limiting alcohol consumption and care for physical activity, are the best prevention of breast cancer. At the same time, further research is needed to explain the uncertainty of current observations.
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1.
Szeja N, Słoma M. The influence of risk factors associated with lifestyle on the development of breast cancer. OncoReview [Internet]. 2018Nov.13 [cited 2024Nov.23];8(4(32):137-44. Available from: https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/OncoReview/article/view/435
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QUALITY OF LIFE IN ONCOLOGY
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
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23. Protani M, Coory M, Martin JH. Effect of obesity on survival of women with breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123(3): 627-635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-010-0990-0.
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29. Pantavos A, Ruiter R, Feskens EF et al. Total dietary antioxidant capacity, individual antioxidant intake and breast cancer risk: The Rotterdam study. Int J Cancer 2015; 136(9): 2178-2186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29249.
30. Hidayat K, Chen GC, Zhang R et al. Calcium intake and breast cancer risk: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Br J Nutr 2016; 116(1): 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516001768.
31. Liu Y, Tamimi RM, Berkey CS et al. Intakes of alcohol and folate during adolescence and risk of proliferative benign breast disease. Pediatrics 2012; 129: e1192-e1198. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-260.
32. Suzuki R, Orsini N, Mignone L et al. Alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status – a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer 2008; 122(8): 1832-1841.
33. Romieu I, Scoccianti C, Chajes V et al. Alcohol intake and breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2015; 137(8): 1921-1930. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29469.
34. Zeinomar N, Thai A, Cloud AJ et al. Alcohol consumption and breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in women diagnosed with breast cancer at the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. PLoS ONE 2017; 12(12): e0189118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189118.
35. Lowry SJ, Kapphahn K, Chlebowski R et al. Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer Survival among Participants in the Women’s Health Initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25(8): 1268-1273. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0151.
37. Ali AM, Schmidt MK, Bolla MK et al. Alcohol Consumption and Survival after a Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Literature-Based Meta-analysis and Collaborative Analysis of Data for 29,239 Cases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23(6): 934-945. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0901.
38. Scoccianti C, Lauby-Secretan B, Bello PY et al. Female Breast Cancer and Alcohol Consumption: A Review of the Literature. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46(3 suppl 1): S16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.031.
39. Chlebowski RT. Nutrition and physical activity influence on breast cancer incidence and outcome. Breast 2013; 22 suppl 2: S30-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2013.07.006.
40. Wu Y, Zhang D, Kang S. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 137(3): 869-882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-012-2396-7.
41. Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. BMJ 2016; 354: i3857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3857.
42. World Health Organization. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) Analysis Guide. Online: http://www.who.int/chp/steps/resources/GPAQ_Analysis_Guide.pdf (Access: 25.08.2018).
43. Colditz GA, Bohlke K. Priorities for the primary prevention of breast cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2014; 64(3): 186-194. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21225.
44. Lynch BM, Neilson HK, Friedenreich CM. Physical activity and breast cancer prevention. Recent Results Cancer Res 2011; 186: 13-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04231-7_2.
45. Ammitzbøll G, Søgaard K, Karlsen RV et al. Physical activity and survival in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 66: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.07.010.
46. Ibrahim EM, Al-Homaidh A. Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of published studies. Med Oncol 2011; 28(3): 753-765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-010-9536-x .
2. Augustin LS, Libra M, Crispo A et al. Low glycemic index diet, exercise and vitamin D to reduce breast cancer recurrence (DEDiCa): design of a clinical trial. BMC Cancer 2017; 17(1): 69. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12885-017-3064-4.
3. Shapira N. The potential contribution of dietary factors to breast cancer prevention. Eur J Cancer Prev 2017; 26(5): 385-395. https://doi.org/10.1097/CEJ.0000000000000406.
4. Rock CL, Doyle C, Demark-Wahnefried W et al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA Cancer J Clin 2012; 62(4): 243-274. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21142.
5. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2012) GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012. Cancer Fact Sheets – Breast Cancer. Online: http://globocan.iarc.fr/Pages/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx (Access: 30.08.2018).
6. American Cancer Society. Breast Cancer Facts & Figures 2017-2018. Atlanta 2017. Online: https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/research/cancer-facts-and-statistics/breast-cancer-facts-and-figures/breast-cancer-facts-and-figures-2017-2018.pdf (Access: 30.08.2018).
7. Gray JM, Rasanayagam S, Engel C et al. State of the evidence 2017: an update on the connection between breast cancer and the environment. Environ Health 2017; 16(1): 94. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-017-0287-4.
8. Romieu II, Amadou A, Chajes V. The Role of Diet, Physical Activity, Body Fatness, and Breastfeeding in Breast Cancer in Young Women: Epidemiological Evidence. Rev Invest Clin 2017; 69(4): 193-203.
9. Brenner DR, Brockton NT, Kotsopoulos J et al. Breast cancer survival among young women: a review of the role of modifiable lifestyle factors. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27(4): 459-472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-016-0726-5.
10. Chajès V, Romieu I. Nutrition and breast cancer. Maturitas 2014; 77(1): 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.10.004.
11. De Ridder J, Julián-Almárcegui C, Mullee A et al. Comparison of anthropometric measurements of adiposity in relation to cancer risk: a systematic review of prospective studies. Cancer Causes Control 2016; 27(3): 291-300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-015-0709-y.
12. Bering T, Mauricio SF, Silva JB et al. Nutritional and metabolic status of breast cancer women. Nutr Hosp 2015; 31(2): 751-758. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.31.2.8056.
13. Agnoli C, Berrino F, Abagnato CA et al. Metabolic syndrome and postmenopausal breast cancer in the ORDET cohort: A nested case-control study. Nutr Metab Cardiovas Dis 2010; 20(1): 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2009.02.006.
14. Rock CL, Byers TE, Colditz GA et al. Reducing Breast Cancer Recurrence with Weight Loss, a Vanguard Trial: The Exercise and Nutrition to Enhance Recovery and Good Health for You (ENERGY) Trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2013; 34(2): 282-295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2012.12.003.
15. Teegarden D, Romieu I, Lelienre SA. Redefining the impact of nutrition on breast cancer incidence: is epigenetics involved? Nutr Res Rev 2012; 25(1): 68-95. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954422411000199.
16. Chen GC, Chen SJ, Zhang R et al. Central obesity and risks of pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. Obes Rev 2016; 17(11): 1167-1177. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12443.
17. Nelson HD, Zakher B, Cantor A et al. Risk factors for breast cancer for women aged 40 to 49 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med 2012; 156(9): 635-648. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-156-9-201205010-00006.
18. Fortner RT, Katzke V, Kuhn T et al. Obesity and breast cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 2016; 208: 43-65.
19. Amadou A, Hainaut P, Romieu I. Role of obesity in the risk of breast cancer: Lessons from anthropometry. J Oncol 2013; 2013: 906495. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/906495.
20. Amadou A, Ferrari P, Muwonge R et al. Overweight, obesity and risk of premenopausal breast cancer according to ethnicity: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2013; 14(8): 665-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12028.
21. Neuhouser ML, Aragaki AK, Prentice RL et al. Overweight, obesity, and postmenopausal invasive breast cancer risk: a secondary analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative randomized clinical trials. JAMA Oncol 2015; 1(5): 611-621. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2015.1546.
22. Rossi RE, Pericleous M, Mandair D et al. The Role of Dietary Factors in Prevention and Progression of Breast Cancer. Anticancer Res 2014; 34(12): 6861-6875.
23. Protani M, Coory M, Martin JH. Effect of obesity on survival of women with breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123(3): 627-635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-010-0990-0.
24. Chan DS, Vieira AR, Aune D et al. Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer – systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies. Ann Oncol 2014; 25(10): 1901-1914. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu042.
25. Aune D, Chan DS, Vieira AR et al. Dietary compared with blood concentrations of carotenoids and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 96(2): 356-373. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.034165.
26. Eliassen AH, Liao X, Rosner B et al. Plasma carotenoids and risk of breast cancer over 20 y of follow up. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 101(6): 1197-1205. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.105080.
27. Eliassen AH, Hendrickson SJ, Brinton LA et al. Circulating carotenoids and risk of breast cancer: pooled analysis of eight prospective studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 2012; 104(24): 1905-1916. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djs461.
28. Bakker MF, Peeters PH, Klaasen VM et al. Plasma carotenoids, vitamin C, tocopherols, and retinol and the risk of breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103(2): 454-464. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.101659.
29. Pantavos A, Ruiter R, Feskens EF et al. Total dietary antioxidant capacity, individual antioxidant intake and breast cancer risk: The Rotterdam study. Int J Cancer 2015; 136(9): 2178-2186. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29249.
30. Hidayat K, Chen GC, Zhang R et al. Calcium intake and breast cancer risk: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Br J Nutr 2016; 116(1): 158-166. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516001768.
31. Liu Y, Tamimi RM, Berkey CS et al. Intakes of alcohol and folate during adolescence and risk of proliferative benign breast disease. Pediatrics 2012; 129: e1192-e1198. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-260.
32. Suzuki R, Orsini N, Mignone L et al. Alcohol intake and risk of breast cancer defined by estrogen and progesterone receptor status – a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Int J Cancer 2008; 122(8): 1832-1841.
33. Romieu I, Scoccianti C, Chajes V et al. Alcohol intake and breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer 2015; 137(8): 1921-1930. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.29469.
34. Zeinomar N, Thai A, Cloud AJ et al. Alcohol consumption and breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality in women diagnosed with breast cancer at the New York site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. PLoS ONE 2017; 12(12): e0189118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189118.
35. Lowry SJ, Kapphahn K, Chlebowski R et al. Alcohol Use and Breast Cancer Survival among Participants in the Women’s Health Initiative. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25(8): 1268-1273. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0151.
37. Ali AM, Schmidt MK, Bolla MK et al. Alcohol Consumption and Survival after a Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Literature-Based Meta-analysis and Collaborative Analysis of Data for 29,239 Cases. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23(6): 934-945. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-13-0901.
38. Scoccianti C, Lauby-Secretan B, Bello PY et al. Female Breast Cancer and Alcohol Consumption: A Review of the Literature. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46(3 suppl 1): S16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.031.
39. Chlebowski RT. Nutrition and physical activity influence on breast cancer incidence and outcome. Breast 2013; 22 suppl 2: S30-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2013.07.006.
40. Wu Y, Zhang D, Kang S. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2013; 137(3): 869-882. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-012-2396-7.
41. Kyu HH, Bachman VF, Alexander LT et al. Physical activity and risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, and ischemic stroke events: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. BMJ 2016; 354: i3857. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3857.
42. World Health Organization. Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) Analysis Guide. Online: http://www.who.int/chp/steps/resources/GPAQ_Analysis_Guide.pdf (Access: 25.08.2018).
43. Colditz GA, Bohlke K. Priorities for the primary prevention of breast cancer. CA Cancer J Clin 2014; 64(3): 186-194. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21225.
44. Lynch BM, Neilson HK, Friedenreich CM. Physical activity and breast cancer prevention. Recent Results Cancer Res 2011; 186: 13-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04231-7_2.
45. Ammitzbøll G, Søgaard K, Karlsen RV et al. Physical activity and survival in breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2016; 66: 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2016.07.010.
46. Ibrahim EM, Al-Homaidh A. Physical activity and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: a meta-analysis of published studies. Med Oncol 2011; 28(3): 753-765. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12032-010-9536-x .