OncoReview

Modulation of the innate immune system in the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma – literature review

Piotr Duda — 2025-10-30

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a common, fast-growing malignancy. A novel strategy in its treatment is the use of modulators of the innate immune system, and here, we intended to investigate their role. To evaluate their efficacy and safety, we reviewed the PubMed database. The use of new therapeutic strategies reduces side effects and positively affects the treatment process. The effects of targeting some molecules, particularly CD47, are promising.

Their use is associated with side effects. Many of them are transient and can be alleviated. Current advances in non-Hodgkin lymphoma treatment are promising. The efficacy and safety of innate immune system modulators have been demonstrated for some of the non-Hodgkin lymphoma subclasses. Nevertheless, there is a need for further carefully designed studies.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in an oncologist's practice. How can nausea and vomiting be prevented?

Agnieszka Jagiełło-Gruszfeld — 2025-07-30

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) affects 70–80% of patients and significantly reduces quality of life and complicates treatment. Prevention is more effective than treatment – once symptoms develop, they are more difficult to control and can cause anticipatory nausea. The most important drug classes used for prophylaxis are: 5-HT₃-RA s (e.g., ondansetron, palonosetron), NK₁-RA s (aprepitant, netupitant), dexamethasone, and olanzapine. Modern regimens (e.g., NEPA, palonosetron) are more effective in preventing delayed and long-term CINV.

Modern CINV prevention: fewer medications, greater comfort for the patient and the therapeutic team

Łukasz Hajac — 2025-09-30

Nausea and vomiting are among the most frequently reported adverse effects of systemic oncological treatment. Effective prevention is key to improving patients’ quality of life. Nausea and vomiting can be early, late, or preemptive. Both the mechanism of their onset and the therapeutic methods vary. Treatment primarily involves 5-HT₃ antagonists, glucocorticosteroids, NK₁ antagonists, and olanzapine. Modern antiemetic therapy is safe and effective in most cases. The most common side effects include headache, constipation, and sedation.

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and cancer. A comprehensive review of emerging connections

Szymon Czerski — 2025-09-30

Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) is increasingly recognized in oncology. It often complicates
treatment, reduces quality of life, and may contribute to carcinogenesis through chronic inflammation.
Diagnostic breath tests, widely used for SIBO, show promise in early detection of colorectal polyps
and cancer. Current therapies (antibiotics, diet, probiotics) provide partial relief, but data in oncology
remain limited. Recognizing and managing SIBO in cancer care may improve outcomes and requires
further research.