OncoReview

Prognostic value of lymphocyte-related systemic inflammatory biomarkers in triple negative breast cancer.

Rafał Oraczewski — 2022-09-08

The aim was to evaluate inflammatory biomarkers as prognostic factors in patients with triple negativbreast cancer. We have collected data from 143 patients and evaluated using Chi-Squared test, Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test and Cox regression. We found a relationship between high neutrophil- to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune inflammation index and local advancement features: tumor (T3/T4) (P = 0.0001, P = 0.0198, P = 0.0001), positive regional lymph nodes (P = 0.0014, P = 0.0075, P = 0.0206). In the multivariate analysis metastatic disease, worse performance status and high NLR (Hazard ratio: 4.48 [2.05–9.80], P=0.0002; 2.23 [1.24–4.03], P=0.0010; 2.23 [1.24–4.03], P=0.0075) were adverse prognostic factors. High neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio with worse performance status turned out an adverse independent prognostic factors.

Glioblastoma - actual knowledge and future perspectives

Dominik Bilicki — 2022-09-08

Glioblastoma is the most severe IV-class glioma and therefore the prognosis for patients remains poor despite some improvement in the treatment area. The neurological or psychiatric symptoms especially fast-developing ones should be fully investigated. This article aims to summarize actual knowledge of glioblastoma and present future perspectives. The underlying causes are usually associated with mutations of EGFR, PTEN, IDH1, p53 genes. The MRI scan, MGMT promoter methylation status, GFAP immunohistochemical detection and Karnofsky performance status are valuable diagnostic tools and some other potential biomarkers with high specificity are proposed. The standard of care is surgery and Stupp protocol which is the combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Nevertheless, after remission the treatment possibilities are limited. Many efforts have been devoted to elaborate novel therapeutic strategies using e.g. CAR-T cells, nanoparticles, monoclonal antibodies, miRNA, siRNA or proteasome inhibitors.

The role of enzalutamide in the treatment of prostate cancer from the perspective of Polish oncologists

Wiesław Bal — 2022-06-30

For several years, prostate cancer has remained the most common malignancy in male patients in Poland. A large number of patients combined with rising costs of therapy translate into a significant socio-economic burden. In a clinical oncologist’s practice, we usually deal with patients with advanced prostate cancer. Taking into account the poorer prognosis in advanced disease, development of new therapeutic options as well we their adequate selection is of paramount importance. Enzalutamide is one of the second-generation androgen axis inhibitors, which has the ability to overcome resistance to androgen deprivation therapy by inhibiting the androgen-DNA signalling on several levels. Its efficacy and safety had been proven in numerous phase II and phase III clinical studies and it has been registered by regulatory authorities in the United States and European Union in the treatment of mCRPC, mCSPC and nmCRPC. In this article selected issues related to the treatment of prostate cancer are discussed, with particular emphasis on the role of enzalutamide (including its mechanism of action, indications, efficacy and safety).

Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of ADH in the course of chemotherapy for anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma of the lung

Grzegorz Kade — 2022-06-30

The present study reports the case of a 40-year-old patient who presented SIADH syndrome due to anaplastic large T-cell lymphoma and antineoplastic drugs.