Physical activity and cancer Review article
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Abstract
Physical activity has been shown to decrease the incidence of breast and colon cancers and most likely of cancers of the prostate, endometrium and lung. The mechanism of this effect is very complex and not completely understood. Physical activity has an impact on the immune system (increased number of natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T cells), may reduce inflammation (significantly decreased plasma TNF-α, IL-6, and CRP), has effects on sex hormones (decreased bioavailability of estrogens and increased concentration of sex hormone-binding globulin) and influences insulin metabolism. Recent publications have shown that physical activity after cancer diagnosis and treatment is associated with reduced risk of breast and colon cancer recurrence and increases the survival rates (40% to 50% lower risk of cancer death). It is therefore important to encourage patients to physical activity. American Cancer Society has given recommendation for moderate exercise for at least 30, or better 45–60 min, on at least 5 days per week.
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