Management of a patient treated with ofatumumab for latent hepatitis B infection Review article
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Published:
Dec 31, 2023
Keywords:
multiple sclerosis, ofatumumab, CD20, HBV, entecavir
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. In clinical practice, we increasingly encounter the risk of infection, including the reactivation of latent pathogens, associated with the use of disease-modifying drugs in patients with multiple sclerosis. The risk of reactivation of hepatitis B infection is quite high in patients treated with drugs that lower the concentration of B lymphocytes, including monoclonal antibodies: ofatumumab, ocrelizumab. Nucleotide analogues are recommended for the prophylaxis of hepatitis B reactivation and for the treatment of hepatitis B infection revealed during immunosuppression. Prophylaxis enabled the initiation of ofatumumab therapy and may prevent discontinuation of this treatment in the future. Further studies are needed to evaluate the optimal prophylaxis of hepatitis B virus reactivation in multiple sclerosis patients treated with ofatumumab.
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References
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2. Giovannoni G, Popescu V, Wuerfel J et al. Smouldering multiple sclerosis: the ‘real MS’. Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2022; 15: 17562864211066751.
3. Jalkh G, Abi Nahed R, Macaron G et al. Safety of Newer Disease Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis. Vaccines (Basel). 2020; 9(1): 12.
4. Rotstein D, Montalban X. Reaching an evidence-based prognosis for personalized treatment of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol. 2019; 15: 287-300.
5. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018; 17: 162-73.
6. Hauser SL, Cross AH, Winthrop K et al. Safety experience with continued exposure to ofatumumab in patients with relapsing forms of multiple sclerosis for up to 3.5 years. Mult Scler. 2022; 28(10): 1576-90.
7. Gärtner J, Hauser SL, Bar-Or A et al. Efficacy and safety of ofatumumab in recently diagnosed, treatment-naive patients with multiple sclerosis: Results from ASCLEPIOS I and II. Mult Scler. 2022; 28(10): 1562-75.
8. Samjoo IA, Worthington E, Drudge Ch et al. Comparison of ofatumumab and other disease-modifying therapies for relapsing multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis. J Comp Eff Res. 2020; 9(18): 1255-74.
9. Hauser SL, Bar-Or A, Cohen JA et al. Ofatumumab versus teriflunomide in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2020; 383(6): 546-57.
10. Davis JS, Ferreira D, Paige E et al. Infectious Complications of Biological and Small Molecule Targeted Immunomodulatory Therapies. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2020; 33(3): e00035-19.
11. Kang C, Blair HA. Ofatumumab: A Review in Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis. Drugs. 2022; 82(1): 55-62.
12. Wiendl H, Gold R, Berger T et al. Multiple sclerosis therapy consensus group (MSTCG): position statement on disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (white paper). Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2021; 14: 17562864211039648.
13. Reddy KR, Beavers KL, Hammond SP et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy. Gastroenterology. 2015; 148: 215-9; quiz e16-7.
14. Załęski A, Kuchar E, Kozłowska-Jalowska A. Profilaktyka poekspozycyjna chorób zakaźnych. Wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu B. Med Prakt. 2022; 6: 110-24.
15. Juszczyk J, Jaroszewicz J, Walewska-Zielecka B. Przewlekłe wirusowe zapalenie wątroby typu B. Medycyna Praktyczna. 2022.
16. Pawłowska M, Flisiak R, Gil L et al. Prophylaxis of HBV infection reactivation – recommendations of the working group for prevention of HBV reactivation. Acta Haematol Pol. 2019; 50(4): 192-8. http://doi.org/10.2478/ahp-2019-0031.
17. Tang Z, Li X, Wu S et al. Risk of hepatitis B reactivation in HBsAg-negative/HBcAb-positive patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA after treatment with rituximab for lymphoma: a meta-analysis. Hepatol Int. 2017; 11(5): 429-33.
18. Guo L, Wang D, Ouyang X et al. Recent Advances in HBV Reactivation Research. Biomed Res Int. 2018; 2018: 2931402.
19. Epstein DJ, Dunn J, Deresinski S. Infectious Complications of Multiple Sclerosis Therapies: Implications for Screening, Prophylaxis, and Management. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018; 5(8): ofy174.
20. Philips CA, Ahamed R, Abduljaleel JK et al. Critical Updates on Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection in 2021. Cureus. 2021; 13(10): e19152.
21. Kim SJ, Hsu C, Song YQ et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in B-cell lymphoma patients treated with rituximab: analysis from the Asia Lymphoma Study Group. Eur J Cancer. 2013; 49: 3486-96.
22. Seto WK, Chan TS, Hwang YY et al. Hepatitis B reactivation in patients with previous hepatitis B virus exposure undergoing rituximab-containing chemotherapy for lymphoma: a prospective study. J Clin Oncol. 2014; 32: 3736-43.
23. Ciardi MR, Ianetta M, Zingaropoli MA et al. Reactivation of hepatitis B virus With immune-Escape mutations after ocrelizumab treatment for multiple sclerosis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2018; 6: ofy356.