Progressive multiple sclerosis: new insights and new challenges Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2016
Keywords:
progressive MS, pathomechanism, therapy
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Abstract
Progressive multiple sclerosis (PMS) is and will be an important area of research interest, and because no real treatments exist success in the field will generalise to other neurological conditions where neurodegeneration coexists with neuroinflammation. This issue is complex and interdisciplinary approaches are necessary. However, identifying effective therapies for the treatment of PMS remain on the greatest challenges. Better understanding of the mechanisms involved in progression of MS, novel clinical trial designs, drug repurposing strategies may assist in identifying effective and safe immunotherapy in PMS.
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References
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3. Lublin F.D.: New multiple sclerosis phenotypic classification. Eur. Neurol. 2014; 72(supl. 1): 1-5.
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5. Simon J.H., Zhang S., Laidlaw D.H. et al.: Identification of fibers at risk for degeneration by diffusion tractography in patients at high risk for MS after a clinically isolated syndrome. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006; 24(5): 983-938.
6. Valentin-Torres A., Savarin C., Hinton D.R. et al.: Sustained TNF production by central nervous system infiltrating macrophages promotes progressive autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Neuroinflammation 2016; 13: 46.
7. Correale J., Farez M.F.: The Role of Astrocytes in Multiple Sclerosis Progression. Front. Neurol. 2015; 6: 180.
8. Shirani A., Okuda D.T., Stüve O.: Therapeutic Advances and Future Prospects in Progressive Forms of Multiple Sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2016; 13(1): 58-69.