Clinical methods of evaluation motor and non-motor impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2017
Keywords:
multiple sclerosis, cognitive functions, depression, fatigue, quality of life
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Abstract
Non-motor impairments are common in any stage of multiple sclerosis, even prior to motor symptoms. Evaluation in Expanded Disability Status Scale provides data to make clinical decisions, but it does not allow to detect and monitor slight not-motor impairments (like cognitive dysfunction, depression, fatigue) which appear commonly. Article describes possibilities of clinical evaluation methods of patients which allow to complex monitoring disease’s progression.
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References
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28. Arnett P., Ben-Zacharia A., Benedict R. et al.: The Goldman Consensus statement on depression in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2005; 11(3): 328-337.
29. Parnowski T., Jernajczyk W.: Inwentarz Depresji Becka w ocenie nastroju osób zdrowych i chorych na choroby afektywne. Psychiatr. Pol. 1977; 11(4): 417-421.
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32. Fisk J.D., Pontefract A., Ritvo P.G. et al.: The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1994; 21: 9-14.
33. Rolak L.A.: Fatigue and multiple sclerosis. W: Dawson D.M., Sabin T.D. (red.): Chronic fatigue syndrome. Little Brown, Boston 1993: 153-160.
34. Colosimo C., Millefiorini E., Grasso M.G. et al.: Fatigue in MS is associated with specific clinical features. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1995; 92: 353-355.
35. Lobentanz I.S., Asenbaum S., Vass K. et al.: Factor influencing quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: disability, depressive mood, fatigue and sleep quality. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2004; 110: 6-13.
36. Colombo B., Martinelli Boneschi F., Rossi P. et al.: MRI and motor evoked potential findings in nondisabled multiple sclerosis patients with and without symptoms of fatigue. J. Neurol. 2000; 247: 506-509.
37. Marrie R.A., Fisher E., Miller D.M. et al.: Association of fatigue and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 2005; 228: 161-166.
38. Bakshi R., Shaikh Z.A., Miletich R.S. et al.: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis and its relationship to depression and neurological disability. Mult. Scler. 2000; 6: 181-185.
39. Fisk J.D., Pontefract A., Ritvo P.G. et al.: The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1994; 21: 9-14.
40. Łabuz-Roszak B., Kubicka-Bączyk K., Pierzchała K. et al.: Jakość życia chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane – związek z cechami klinicznymi choroby, zespołem zmęczenia i objawami depresyjnymi. Psychiatria Polska 2013; XLVII(3): 33-442.
41. Flachenecker P., Kumpfel T., Kallmann B. et al.: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of different rating scales and correlation to clinical parameters. Mult. Scler. 2002; 8: 523.
42. Vickrey B.G., Hays R.D., Harooni R. et al.: A health-related quality of life measure for multiple sclerosis. Qual. Life Res. 1995; 4: 187.
43. Baumstarck-Barrau K., Simeoni M.C., Reuter F et al.: Cognitive function and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Neurology 2011; 11: 17.
44. Benito-Leon J., Morales J.M., Rivera-Navarro J.: Health-related quality of life and its relationship to cognitive and emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis patients. Eur. J. Neurol. 2002; 9: 497-502.
2. Rao S.M.: Neuropsychological aspects of multiple sclerosis. W: Raine C.S., McFarland H.F., Tourtellotte W.W. (red.): Multiple sclerosis: clinical and pathogenetic basis. Chapman & Hall, London 1997: 357-362.
3. Wegner C., Stadelmann C.: Gray matter pathology and multiple sclerosis. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 2009; 9: 399-404.
4. Glanz B.I., Holland C.M., Gauthier S.A. et al.: Cognitive dysfunction in patients with clinically isolated syndromes or newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2007; 13: 1004-1010.
5. Hoffman S., Tittgemeyer M., von Cramon D.Y.: Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Curr. Opin. Neurol. 2007; 20: 275-280.
6. Lovera J., Kovner B.: Cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep. 2012; 12: 618-627.
7. Sánchez M.P., Nieto A., Barroso J. et al.: Brain atrophy as a marker of cognitive impairment in mildly disabling relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Eur. J. Neurol. 2008; 15(10): 1091-1099.
8. Lazeron R.H., Boringa J.B., Schouten M. et al.: Brain atrophy and lesion load as explaining parameters for cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2005; 11(5): 524-531.
9. Patti F., Amato M.P., Trojano M. et al.; COGIMUS Study Group: Cognitive impairment and its relation with disease measuresin mildly disabled patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: baseline results from the Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis (COGIMUS) study. Mult. Scler. 2009; 15: 779-788.
10. Jodzio K.: Neuropsychologia intencjonalnego działania. Koncepcje funkcji wykonawczych. Warszawa, Scholar 2008.
11. Reitan R.M.: Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain damage. Percept. Mot. Skills 1958; 8: 271-276.
12. Alexander N., Ashton-Miller J., Giordani B. et al.: Age differences in timed accurate stepping with increasing cognitive and visual demand: a Walking Trail Making Test. J. Geront. Series A: Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 2005; 60(12): 1558-1563.
13. Sánchez-Cubillo I., Periáñez J., Adrover-Roig D. et al.: Construct validity of the Trail Making Test: Role of task-switching, working memory, inhibition/ interference control, and visuo-motor abilities. JINS 2009; 15(3): 438-451.
14. Okruszek Ł., Rutkowska A.: Badanie kontroli wykonawczej za pomocą testu interferencji Stroopa u chorych na schizofrenię i osób z uszkodzeniami płatów czołowych. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne 2013; 18(2): 215-225.
15. Tomaszewska M., Markowska A., Borkowska A.: Stroop test – the diagnostic importance in psychiatry. Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia 2010; 5(1):35-41.
16. Gronwall D.: Paced auditory serial addition task: a measure of recovery from concussion. Percept. Mot. Skills. 1977; 44(2): 367-373.
17. Rao S.M., Leo G.J., Bernardin L., Unverzagt F.: Cognitive dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. I. Frequency, patterns, and prediction. Neurology 1991; 41: 685-691.
18. Kragt J.J., van der Linden F.A., Nielsen J.M. et al.: Clinical impact of 20% worsening on Timed 25-foot Walk and 9-hole Peg Test in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2006; 12: 594-598.
19. Kaufman M., Moyer D., Norton J.: The significant change for the Timed 25-foot Walk in the multiple sclerosis functional composite. Mult. Scler. 2000; 6: 286-290.
20. Opara J.: Klinimetria w stwardnieniu rozsianym. Farmakoterapia w Psychiatrii i Neurologii 2005; 3: 219-226.
21. Feinstein A.: The neuropsychiatry of multiple sclerosis. Can. J. Psychiatry 2004; 49: 157-163.
22. Minden S.L., Schiffer R.B.: Affective disorders in multiple sclerosis. Review and recommendations for clinical research. Arch. Neurol. 1990; 47: 98-104.
23. Chwastiak L., Ehde D.M., Gibbons L.E. et al.: Depressive symptoms and severity of illness in multiple sclerosis: epidemiologic study of a large community sample. Am. J. Psychiatry 2002; 159(11): 1862-1868.
24. Feinstein A.: An examination of suicidal intent in patients with multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2002; 59: 674-678.
25. Feinstein A., Roy P., Lobaugh N. et al.: Structural brain abnormalities in multiple sclerosis patients with major depression. Neurology 2004; 62: 586-590.
26. Sadovnick A.D., Remick R.A., Allen J. et al.: Depression and multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1996; 46: 628-632.
27. Patten S.B., Metz L.M., Reimer M.A.: Biopsychosocial correlates of lifetime major depression in a multiple sclerosis population. Mult. Scler. 2000; 6: 115-120.
28. Arnett P., Ben-Zacharia A., Benedict R. et al.: The Goldman Consensus statement on depression in multiple sclerosis. Mult. Scler. 2005; 11(3): 328-337.
29. Parnowski T., Jernajczyk W.: Inwentarz Depresji Becka w ocenie nastroju osób zdrowych i chorych na choroby afektywne. Psychiatr. Pol. 1977; 11(4): 417-421.
30. Pużyński S., Rybakowski J., Wciórka J.: Psychiatria. Podstawy psychiatrii. Tom 1. Elsevier Urban & Partner, Wrocław 2011.
31. Krupp L.B., Alvarez L.A., LaRocca N.G., Scheinberg L.C.: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis. Arch. Neurol. 1988; 45: 435-437.
32. Fisk J.D., Pontefract A., Ritvo P.G. et al.: The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1994; 21: 9-14.
33. Rolak L.A.: Fatigue and multiple sclerosis. W: Dawson D.M., Sabin T.D. (red.): Chronic fatigue syndrome. Little Brown, Boston 1993: 153-160.
34. Colosimo C., Millefiorini E., Grasso M.G. et al.: Fatigue in MS is associated with specific clinical features. Acta Neurol. Scand. 1995; 92: 353-355.
35. Lobentanz I.S., Asenbaum S., Vass K. et al.: Factor influencing quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: disability, depressive mood, fatigue and sleep quality. Acta Neurol. Scand. 2004; 110: 6-13.
36. Colombo B., Martinelli Boneschi F., Rossi P. et al.: MRI and motor evoked potential findings in nondisabled multiple sclerosis patients with and without symptoms of fatigue. J. Neurol. 2000; 247: 506-509.
37. Marrie R.A., Fisher E., Miller D.M. et al.: Association of fatigue and brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis. J. Neurol. Sci. 2005; 228: 161-166.
38. Bakshi R., Shaikh Z.A., Miletich R.S. et al.: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis and its relationship to depression and neurological disability. Mult. Scler. 2000; 6: 181-185.
39. Fisk J.D., Pontefract A., Ritvo P.G. et al.: The impact of fatigue on patients with multiple sclerosis. Can. J. Neurol. Sci. 1994; 21: 9-14.
40. Łabuz-Roszak B., Kubicka-Bączyk K., Pierzchała K. et al.: Jakość życia chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane – związek z cechami klinicznymi choroby, zespołem zmęczenia i objawami depresyjnymi. Psychiatria Polska 2013; XLVII(3): 33-442.
41. Flachenecker P., Kumpfel T., Kallmann B. et al.: Fatigue in multiple sclerosis: a comparison of different rating scales and correlation to clinical parameters. Mult. Scler. 2002; 8: 523.
42. Vickrey B.G., Hays R.D., Harooni R. et al.: A health-related quality of life measure for multiple sclerosis. Qual. Life Res. 1995; 4: 187.
43. Baumstarck-Barrau K., Simeoni M.C., Reuter F et al.: Cognitive function and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients: a cross-sectional study. BMC Neurology 2011; 11: 17.
44. Benito-Leon J., Morales J.M., Rivera-Navarro J.: Health-related quality of life and its relationship to cognitive and emotional functioning in multiple sclerosis patients. Eur. J. Neurol. 2002; 9: 497-502.