Obrazowanie metodą rezonansu magnetycznego w pierwotnie postępującej postaci MS Artykuł przeglądowy
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Opublikowane:
cze 30, 2019
Słowa kluczowe:
pierwotnie postępująca postać MS, badanie metodą rezonansu magnetycznego
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Abstrakt
U ok. 10–15% chorych na stwardnienie rozsiane (MS, multiple sclerosis) choroba ma charakter pierwotnie postępujący (PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis). Postać ta różni się od postaci rzutowo-remisyjnej (RRMS, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis) przebiegiem klinicznym i wynikami badań dodatkowych, w tym obrazowania metodą rezonansu magnetycznego (MRI, magnetic resonance imaging). Mniejsza liczba zmian ogniskowych widocznych na obrazach T2-zależnych, rzadkie występowanie zmian wzmacniających się po podaniu kontrastu oraz wyraźnie nasilone cechy zaniku mózgu i rdzenia kręgowego wyróżniają obraz MR w postaci PPMS. W celu skutecznego leczenia chorych z PPMS konieczna jest jednak dokładna diagnostyka, a także zastosowanie bardziej powtarzalnych i specyficznych dla procesu neurodegeneracji markerów rezonansowych.
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Bibliografia
1. Thompson AJ, Polman CH, Miller DH et al. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1997; 120: 1085-1096.
2. Montalban X, Hauser SL, Kappos et al. Ocrelizumab versus Placebo in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 209-220.
3. Hawker K, O’Connor P, Freedman MS et al. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Ann Neurol 2009; 66: 460-471.
4. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol 2011; 69: 292-302.
5. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17: 162-173.
6. Gajofatto A, Nourbakhsh B, Benedetti MD et al. Performance of 2010 McDonald criteria and 2016 MAGNIMS guidelines in the diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89: v550-552.
7. Thompson AJ, Miller DH, MacManus DG et al. Pattern of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. BMJ 1990; 301: 44-45.
8. Miller DH, Lublin FD, Sormani MP et al. Brain atrophy and disability worsening in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: insights from the INFORMS study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 30: 346-356.
9. Di Perri C, Battaglini M, Stromillo ML et al. Voxel-based assessment of differences in damage and distribution of white matter lesions between patients with primary progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 236-243.
10. Bodini B, Battaglini M, De Stefano N et al. T2 lesion location really matters: a 10 year follow-up study in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82: 72-77.
11. Kutzelnigg A, Lucchinetti CF, Stadelmann C et al. Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2005; 128: 2705-2712.
12. Calabrese M, Rocca MA, Atzori M et al. Cortical lesions in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 2-year longitudinal MR study. Neurology 2009; 72: 1330-1336.
13. Geurts JJ, Roosendaal SD, Calabrese M et al. Consensus recommendations for MS cortical lesion scoring using double inversion recovery MRI. Neurology 2011; 76: 418-424.
14. Sethi V, Muhlert N, Ron M et al. MS cortical lesions on DIR: not quite what they seem? PLoS One 2013; 8: e78879.
15. Stevenson VL, Miller DH, Rovaris M et al. Primary and transitional progressive MS: a clinical and MRI cross-sectional study. Neurology 1999; 52: 839-845.
16. Miller DH, Leary SM. Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 903-912.
17. Khaleeli Z, Ciccarelli O, Mizskiel K et al. Lesion enhancement diminishes with time in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16: 317-324.
18. Silver NC, Tofts PS, Symms MR et al. Quantitative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate blood-brain barrier integrity in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study. Mult Scler 2001; 7: 75-82.
19. Kutzelnigg A, Lucchinetti CF, Stadelmann C et al. Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2005; 128: 2705-2712.
20. Frischer JM, Weigand SD, Guo Y et al. Clinical and pathological insights into the dynamic nature of the white matter multiple sclerosis plaque. Ann Neurol 2015; 78: 710-721.
21. Elliott C, Wolinsky JS, Hauser SL et al. Slowly expanding/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker ofmchronic active multiple sclerosis lesions. Mult Scler 2018: 1352458518814117.
22. Absinta M, Sati P, Gaitán MI et al. Seven-tesla phase imaging of acute multiple sclerosis lesions: a new window into the inflammatory process. Ann Neurol 2013; 74: 669-678.
23. Nijeholt GJ, van Walderveen MA, Castelijns JA et al. Brain and spinal cord abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms. Brain 1998; 121: 687-697.
24. Rovaris M, Bozzali M, Santuccio G et al. In vivo assessment of the brain and cervical cord pathology of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 2001; 124: 2540-2549.
25. Khaleeli Z, Sastre-Garriga J, Ciccarelli O et al. Magnetisation transfer ratio in the normal appearing white matter predicts progression of disability over 1 year in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 1076-1082.
26. Rovaris M, Judica E, Gallo A et al. Grey matter damage predicts the evolution of primary progressive multiple sclerosis at 5 years. Brain 2006; 129: 2628-2634.
27. Schmierer K, Altmann DR, Kassim N et al. Progressive change in primary progressive multiple sclerosis normal-appearing white matter: a serial diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study. Mult Scler 2004; 10: 182-187.
28. Sastre-Garriga J, Ingle GT, Chard DT et al. Metabolite changes in normal-appearing gray and white.matter are linked with disability in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 569-573.
29. Ontaneda D, Fox RJ. Imaging as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14: 24-34.
30. Pagani E, Rocca MA, Gallo et al. Regional brain atrophy evolves differently in patients with multiple sclerosis according to clinical phenotype. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005; 26: 341-346.
31. Rovaris M, Judica E, Sastre-Garriga J et al. Largescale,multicentre, quantitative MRI study of brain and cord damage in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 455-464.
32. Mesaros S, Rocca MA, Pagani E et al. Thalamic damage predicts the evolution of primary-progressive multiple sclerosis at 5 years. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32: 1016-1020.
33. Fisher E, Lee JC, Nakamura K et al. Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study. Ann Neurol 2008; 64: 255-265.
34. Cocozza S, Pontillo G, Russo C et al. Cerebellum and cognition in progressive MS patients: functional changes beyond atrophy? J Neurol 2018; 265: 2260-2326.
35. Gass A, Rocca MA, Agosta F et al. MRI monitoring of pathological changes in the spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14: 443-454.
36. Rashid W, Davies GR, Chard DT et al. Increasing cord atrophy in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 3 year study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 51-55.
37. Aymerich FX, Auger C, Alonso J et al. Cervical Cord Atrophy and Long-Term Disease Progression in Patients with Primary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39: 399-404.
38. Rovaris M, Judica E, Sastre-Garriga J et al. Large-scale, multicentre, quantitative MRI study of brain and cord damage in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 455-464.
39. Revesz T, Kidd D, Thompson AJ et al. A comparison of the pathology of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1994; 117: 759-765.
40. Dimethyl fumarate treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (FUMAPMS), 2016. [online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02959658].
41. Connick P, Kolappan M, Crawley C et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: An openlabel phase 2a proof-of-concept study. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 150-156.
42. Fox RJ, Coffey CS, Cudkowicz ME et al. Design,rationale, and baseline characteristics of the randomized double-blind phase II clinical trial of ibudilast in progressive multiple sclerosis. Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 50: 166-177.
43. Romme Christensen J, Ratzner R, Bornsen L et al. Natalizumab in progressive MS. Neurology 2014; 82: 1499-1507.
44. Rice M, Marks DI, Ben-Shlomo Y et al. Assessment of bone marrow-derived Cellular Therapy in progressive Multiple Sclerosis (ACTiMuS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16: 463.
45. Havrdova E, Galetta S, Hutchinson M et al. Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of \the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8: 254-260.
46. Lu G, Beadnall HN, Barton J et al. The evolution of “No Evidence of Disease Activity” in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 20: 231-238.
47. Wolinsky JS, Montalban X, Hauser SL et al. Evaluation of no evidence of progression or active disease (NEPAD) in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial. Ann Neurol 2018; 84: 527-553.
2. Montalban X, Hauser SL, Kappos et al. Ocrelizumab versus Placebo in Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2017; 376: 209-220.
3. Hawker K, O’Connor P, Freedman MS et al. Rituximab in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis: results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter trial. Ann Neurol 2009; 66: 460-471.
4. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol 2011; 69: 292-302.
5. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol 2018; 17: 162-173.
6. Gajofatto A, Nourbakhsh B, Benedetti MD et al. Performance of 2010 McDonald criteria and 2016 MAGNIMS guidelines in the diagnosis of primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89: v550-552.
7. Thompson AJ, Miller DH, MacManus DG et al. Pattern of disease activity in multiple sclerosis. BMJ 1990; 301: 44-45.
8. Miller DH, Lublin FD, Sormani MP et al. Brain atrophy and disability worsening in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: insights from the INFORMS study. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2018; 30: 346-356.
9. Di Perri C, Battaglini M, Stromillo ML et al. Voxel-based assessment of differences in damage and distribution of white matter lesions between patients with primary progressive and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 236-243.
10. Bodini B, Battaglini M, De Stefano N et al. T2 lesion location really matters: a 10 year follow-up study in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82: 72-77.
11. Kutzelnigg A, Lucchinetti CF, Stadelmann C et al. Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2005; 128: 2705-2712.
12. Calabrese M, Rocca MA, Atzori M et al. Cortical lesions in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a 2-year longitudinal MR study. Neurology 2009; 72: 1330-1336.
13. Geurts JJ, Roosendaal SD, Calabrese M et al. Consensus recommendations for MS cortical lesion scoring using double inversion recovery MRI. Neurology 2011; 76: 418-424.
14. Sethi V, Muhlert N, Ron M et al. MS cortical lesions on DIR: not quite what they seem? PLoS One 2013; 8: e78879.
15. Stevenson VL, Miller DH, Rovaris M et al. Primary and transitional progressive MS: a clinical and MRI cross-sectional study. Neurology 1999; 52: 839-845.
16. Miller DH, Leary SM. Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6: 903-912.
17. Khaleeli Z, Ciccarelli O, Mizskiel K et al. Lesion enhancement diminishes with time in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 16: 317-324.
18. Silver NC, Tofts PS, Symms MR et al. Quantitative contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate blood-brain barrier integrity in multiple sclerosis: a preliminary study. Mult Scler 2001; 7: 75-82.
19. Kutzelnigg A, Lucchinetti CF, Stadelmann C et al. Cortical demyelination and diffuse white matter injury in multiple sclerosis. Brain 2005; 128: 2705-2712.
20. Frischer JM, Weigand SD, Guo Y et al. Clinical and pathological insights into the dynamic nature of the white matter multiple sclerosis plaque. Ann Neurol 2015; 78: 710-721.
21. Elliott C, Wolinsky JS, Hauser SL et al. Slowly expanding/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker ofmchronic active multiple sclerosis lesions. Mult Scler 2018: 1352458518814117.
22. Absinta M, Sati P, Gaitán MI et al. Seven-tesla phase imaging of acute multiple sclerosis lesions: a new window into the inflammatory process. Ann Neurol 2013; 74: 669-678.
23. Nijeholt GJ, van Walderveen MA, Castelijns JA et al. Brain and spinal cord abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Correlation between MRI parameters, clinical subtypes and symptoms. Brain 1998; 121: 687-697.
24. Rovaris M, Bozzali M, Santuccio G et al. In vivo assessment of the brain and cervical cord pathology of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 2001; 124: 2540-2549.
25. Khaleeli Z, Sastre-Garriga J, Ciccarelli O et al. Magnetisation transfer ratio in the normal appearing white matter predicts progression of disability over 1 year in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78: 1076-1082.
26. Rovaris M, Judica E, Gallo A et al. Grey matter damage predicts the evolution of primary progressive multiple sclerosis at 5 years. Brain 2006; 129: 2628-2634.
27. Schmierer K, Altmann DR, Kassim N et al. Progressive change in primary progressive multiple sclerosis normal-appearing white matter: a serial diffusion magnetic resonance imaging study. Mult Scler 2004; 10: 182-187.
28. Sastre-Garriga J, Ingle GT, Chard DT et al. Metabolite changes in normal-appearing gray and white.matter are linked with disability in early primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol 2005; 62: 569-573.
29. Ontaneda D, Fox RJ. Imaging as an outcome measure in multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2017; 14: 24-34.
30. Pagani E, Rocca MA, Gallo et al. Regional brain atrophy evolves differently in patients with multiple sclerosis according to clinical phenotype. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2005; 26: 341-346.
31. Rovaris M, Judica E, Sastre-Garriga J et al. Largescale,multicentre, quantitative MRI study of brain and cord damage in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 455-464.
32. Mesaros S, Rocca MA, Pagani E et al. Thalamic damage predicts the evolution of primary-progressive multiple sclerosis at 5 years. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32: 1016-1020.
33. Fisher E, Lee JC, Nakamura K et al. Gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis: a longitudinal study. Ann Neurol 2008; 64: 255-265.
34. Cocozza S, Pontillo G, Russo C et al. Cerebellum and cognition in progressive MS patients: functional changes beyond atrophy? J Neurol 2018; 265: 2260-2326.
35. Gass A, Rocca MA, Agosta F et al. MRI monitoring of pathological changes in the spinal cord in patients with multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14: 443-454.
36. Rashid W, Davies GR, Chard DT et al. Increasing cord atrophy in early relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 3 year study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2006; 77: 51-55.
37. Aymerich FX, Auger C, Alonso J et al. Cervical Cord Atrophy and Long-Term Disease Progression in Patients with Primary-Progressive Multiple Sclerosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39: 399-404.
38. Rovaris M, Judica E, Sastre-Garriga J et al. Large-scale, multicentre, quantitative MRI study of brain and cord damage in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2008; 14: 455-464.
39. Revesz T, Kidd D, Thompson AJ et al. A comparison of the pathology of primary and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1994; 117: 759-765.
40. Dimethyl fumarate treatment of primary progressive multiple sclerosis (FUMAPMS), 2016. [online: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02959658].
41. Connick P, Kolappan M, Crawley C et al. Autologous mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: An openlabel phase 2a proof-of-concept study. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11: 150-156.
42. Fox RJ, Coffey CS, Cudkowicz ME et al. Design,rationale, and baseline characteristics of the randomized double-blind phase II clinical trial of ibudilast in progressive multiple sclerosis. Contemp Clin Trials 2016; 50: 166-177.
43. Romme Christensen J, Ratzner R, Bornsen L et al. Natalizumab in progressive MS. Neurology 2014; 82: 1499-1507.
44. Rice M, Marks DI, Ben-Shlomo Y et al. Assessment of bone marrow-derived Cellular Therapy in progressive Multiple Sclerosis (ACTiMuS): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 2015; 16: 463.
45. Havrdova E, Galetta S, Hutchinson M et al. Effect of natalizumab on clinical and radiological disease activity in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective analysis of \the Natalizumab Safety and Efficacy in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis (AFFIRM) study. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8: 254-260.
46. Lu G, Beadnall HN, Barton J et al. The evolution of “No Evidence of Disease Activity” in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2018; 20: 231-238.
47. Wolinsky JS, Montalban X, Hauser SL et al. Evaluation of no evidence of progression or active disease (NEPAD) in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis in the ORATORIO trial. Ann Neurol 2018; 84: 527-553.