The inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and myocardial infarction – what treatment according to EBM enables the best prevention? Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2010
Keywords:
myocardial infarction, ACE inhibitors, prevention, renin-angiotensin-aldosteron system
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Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays an important role in the regulation of cardiovascular functions under physiological and pathological conditions. Initially the effectiveness of treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) in the pharmacotherapy of coronary artery disease was taught to be equal. However the results of large randomized clinical trials indicated that ACE-I vs ARB are more effective in the prevention of coronary artery disease and in the light of the current standards of European and American Cardiac Societies (ESC, AHA/ACC) should be an alternative method of treatment in case of intolerance of ACE-I.
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Wsół, A., & Kuch , M. (2010). The inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and myocardial infarction – what treatment according to EBM enables the best prevention?. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 3(2(7), 23-34. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2601
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References
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15. Furberg C., Pitt B.: Are all angiotesin-converting enzyme inhibitors interchangeable? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001; 37: 1456-1560.
16. Pitt B., O’Neill B., Feldman R. et al.: The Quinapril Ischemic Event Trial (QUIET): evaluation of chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease and preserved left ventricular function. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001; 87: 1058-63.
17. Grajek S.: Krajobraz po PEACE. Czy wszystkie inhibitory ACE działają jednakowo? Folia Cardiol. 2005; 12: 145-52.
18. Antony I., Lerebours G., Nitenberg A.: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition restores flow-dependentand cold pressor test-induced dilations in coronary arteries of hypertensive patients. Circulation 1996; 94: 3115-22.
19. Ghiadoni L., Magagna A., Versari D. et al.: Different effect of antihypertensive drugs on conduit artery endothelial function. Hypertension 2003; 41: 1281-86.
20. Schwartzkopff B., Brehm M., Mundhenke M. et al.: Repair of coronary arterioles after treatment with perindopril in hypertensive heart disease. Hypertension 2000; 36: 220-25.
21. Rodriguez-Granillo G.A., Vos J., Bruining N. et al.: Long-term effect of perindopril on coronary atherosclerosis progression (from the perindopril’s prospective effect on coronary atherosclerosis by angiography and intravascular ultrasound evaluation [PERSPECTIVE] study). Am. J. Cardiol. 2007; 100: 159-63.
22. Bruining N., de Winter S., Roelandt J. et al.: Coronary calcium significantly affects quantative analysis of coronary ultrasound: importance for atherosclerosis progression/regression studies. Coron. Artery. Dis. 2009 Sep.; 20(6): 409-14.
23. Brugts J., Ninomiya T., Boersma E. et al.: The consistency of the treatment effect of an ACE-inhibitor based treatment regimen in patients with vascular disease or high risk of vascular disease: a combined analysis ofindividual data of ADVANCE, EUROPA and PROGRESS trials. Eur. Heart J. 2009; 30: 1385-94.
24. Dahlof B., Sever P.S., Poulter N.R. et al.: ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895-906.
25. Bosch J., Lonn E., Pogue J. et al.: HOPE/HOPE-TOO Study Investigators. Long-term effects of ramipril on cardiovascular events and on diabetes: results of the HOPE study extension. Circulation 2005; 112: 1339-46.
26. Julius S., Kjeldsen S.E., Weber M. et al.; Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 2022-31.
27. Dahlof B., Devereux R.B., Kjeldsen S.E. et al.: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995-1003.
28. Lithell H., Hansson L., Skoog I. et al.: Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J. Hypertens. 2003; 21: 875-86.
29. Granger C.B., McMurray J.J., Yusuf S. et al.: Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003; 362: 772-76.
30. Strauss M., Hall A.: Do angiotensin receptor blockers may increase risk of myocardial infarction. Unraveling the ARB-MI paradox. Circulation 2006; 114: 838-54.
31. Yusuf S., Diener H.C., Sacco R.L. et al.: Telmisartan to Prevent Recurrent Stroke and Cardiovascular Events. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 359: 1225-37.
32. The ONTARGET Investigators. Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in Patients at High Risk for Vascular Events. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358: 1547-59.
33. Yusuf S., Teo K., Anderson C., Pogue J. et al.: Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND). Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372: 1174-83.
34. Grajek S., Marcinkowska J.: TRANSCEND i inne badania. Głos w debacie o ryzyku zawału serca u chorych leczonych inhibitorami enzymu konwertującego lub inhibitorami receptora angiotensyny. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2009; 13: 48-58.
35. Sawada T., Yamada H., Dahlöf B., Matsubara H.; KYOTO HEART Study Group. Effects of valsartan on morbidity and mortality in uncontrolled hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: KYOTO HEART Study. Eur. Heart J. 2009; 30: 2461-9.
36. The NAVIGATOR Study Group. Effect of Valsartan on the Incidence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Events. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010 [w druku].
2. Bassand J.P. et al.: Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 2007; 28: 1598-1660.
4. Van der Werf F. et al.: Management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with persistent ST-segment elevation. The Task Force on the management of ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur. Heart J. 2008; 29: 2909-45.
5. Antman E.M., Anbe D.T., Armstrong P.W. et al.: ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction – executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004; 44: 671-719.
6. Effect of ramipril on mortality and morbidity of survivors of acute myocardial infarction with clinical evidence of heart failure. The Acute Infarction Ramipril Efficacy (AIRE) Study Investigators. Lancet 1993; 342: 821-8.
7. Vantrimpont P., Rouleau J.L., Wun C.C. et al.: Additive beneficial effects of beta-blockers to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in the Survival and Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) Study. SAVE Investigators. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1997; 29: 229-36.
8. Kober L., Torp-Pedersen C., Carlsen J.E. et al.: A clinical trial of the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor trandolapril in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Trandolapril Cardiac Evaluation (TRACE) Study Group. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995; 333: 1670-6.
9. Six-month effects of early treatment with lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together withdrawn six weeks after acute myocardial infarction: the GISSI-3 trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto Miocardico. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1996; 27: 337-44.
10. Vermes E., Tardif J.C., Bourassa M.G. et al.: Enalapril decreases the incidence of atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: insight from the Studies Of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trials. Circulation 2003; 107: 2926-31.
11. PROGRESS Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of a perindopril-based blood-pressure-lowering regimen among 6,105 individuals with previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Lancet 2001; 358: 1053-41.
12. Yusuf S., Sleight P., Pogue J. et al.: Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000; 342: 145-53.
13. Fox K.M.: Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: randomised, double- blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet 2003; 6(362): 755-7.
14. The PEACE Trial Investigators. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in stable coronary artery disease. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 351: 2058-68.
15. Furberg C., Pitt B.: Are all angiotesin-converting enzyme inhibitors interchangeable? J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2001; 37: 1456-1560.
16. Pitt B., O’Neill B., Feldman R. et al.: The Quinapril Ischemic Event Trial (QUIET): evaluation of chronic ACE inhibitor therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease and preserved left ventricular function. Am. J. Cardiol. 2001; 87: 1058-63.
17. Grajek S.: Krajobraz po PEACE. Czy wszystkie inhibitory ACE działają jednakowo? Folia Cardiol. 2005; 12: 145-52.
18. Antony I., Lerebours G., Nitenberg A.: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition restores flow-dependentand cold pressor test-induced dilations in coronary arteries of hypertensive patients. Circulation 1996; 94: 3115-22.
19. Ghiadoni L., Magagna A., Versari D. et al.: Different effect of antihypertensive drugs on conduit artery endothelial function. Hypertension 2003; 41: 1281-86.
20. Schwartzkopff B., Brehm M., Mundhenke M. et al.: Repair of coronary arterioles after treatment with perindopril in hypertensive heart disease. Hypertension 2000; 36: 220-25.
21. Rodriguez-Granillo G.A., Vos J., Bruining N. et al.: Long-term effect of perindopril on coronary atherosclerosis progression (from the perindopril’s prospective effect on coronary atherosclerosis by angiography and intravascular ultrasound evaluation [PERSPECTIVE] study). Am. J. Cardiol. 2007; 100: 159-63.
22. Bruining N., de Winter S., Roelandt J. et al.: Coronary calcium significantly affects quantative analysis of coronary ultrasound: importance for atherosclerosis progression/regression studies. Coron. Artery. Dis. 2009 Sep.; 20(6): 409-14.
23. Brugts J., Ninomiya T., Boersma E. et al.: The consistency of the treatment effect of an ACE-inhibitor based treatment regimen in patients with vascular disease or high risk of vascular disease: a combined analysis ofindividual data of ADVANCE, EUROPA and PROGRESS trials. Eur. Heart J. 2009; 30: 1385-94.
24. Dahlof B., Sever P.S., Poulter N.R. et al.: ASCOT Investigators. Prevention of cardiovascular events with an antihypertensive regimen of amlodipine adding perindopril as required versus atenolol adding bendroflumethiazide as required, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial-Blood Pressure Lowering Arm (ASCOT-BPLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 366: 895-906.
25. Bosch J., Lonn E., Pogue J. et al.: HOPE/HOPE-TOO Study Investigators. Long-term effects of ramipril on cardiovascular events and on diabetes: results of the HOPE study extension. Circulation 2005; 112: 1339-46.
26. Julius S., Kjeldsen S.E., Weber M. et al.; Outcomes in hypertensive patients at high cardiovascular risk treated with regimens based on valsartan or amlodipine: the VALUE randomised trial. Lancet 2004; 363: 2022-31.
27. Dahlof B., Devereux R.B., Kjeldsen S.E. et al.: Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995-1003.
28. Lithell H., Hansson L., Skoog I. et al.: Study on Cognition and Prognosis in the Elderly (SCOPE): principal results of a randomized double-blind intervention trial. J. Hypertens. 2003; 21: 875-86.
29. Granger C.B., McMurray J.J., Yusuf S. et al.: Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function intolerant to angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Alternative trial. Lancet 2003; 362: 772-76.
30. Strauss M., Hall A.: Do angiotensin receptor blockers may increase risk of myocardial infarction. Unraveling the ARB-MI paradox. Circulation 2006; 114: 838-54.
31. Yusuf S., Diener H.C., Sacco R.L. et al.: Telmisartan to Prevent Recurrent Stroke and Cardiovascular Events. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 359: 1225-37.
32. The ONTARGET Investigators. Telmisartan, Ramipril, or Both in Patients at High Risk for Vascular Events. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358: 1547-59.
33. Yusuf S., Teo K., Anderson C., Pogue J. et al.: Telmisartan Randomised AssessmeNt Study in ACE iNtolerant subjects with cardiovascular Disease (TRANSCEND). Effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker telmisartan on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients intolerant to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2008; 372: 1174-83.
34. Grajek S., Marcinkowska J.: TRANSCEND i inne badania. Głos w debacie o ryzyku zawału serca u chorych leczonych inhibitorami enzymu konwertującego lub inhibitorami receptora angiotensyny. Nadciśnienie Tętnicze 2009; 13: 48-58.
35. Sawada T., Yamada H., Dahlöf B., Matsubara H.; KYOTO HEART Study Group. Effects of valsartan on morbidity and mortality in uncontrolled hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks: KYOTO HEART Study. Eur. Heart J. 2009; 30: 2461-9.
36. The NAVIGATOR Study Group. Effect of Valsartan on the Incidence of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Events. N. Engl. J. Med. 2010 [w druku].