Combined therapy of arterial hypertension – which drugs to combine to enhance nephroprotection? – editorial to ACCOMPLISH Trial Review article
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Published:
Sep 30, 2010
Keywords:
arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, benazepril, amlodypina, hydrochlorothiazide, albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate
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Abstract
New guidelines on treatment of arterial hypertension recommend in some cases to start from combined first-line therapy. It is especially recommended in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) since hypertension accompanying CKD is usually drug-resistant and many drugs are needed to achieve the goal of therapy. According to the present state of knowledge angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or AT1-type receptor antagonists for angiotensin II (ARB) are the treatment of choice. Until now no clear recommendation has been issued concerning the second and further drugs to be added to ACEi or ARB. In this paper the data concerning combined treatment of hypertension in preventing the onset and progression of CKD have been reviewed.
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Stompór, T., Napora, M., & Olszewski, A. (2010). Combined therapy of arterial hypertension – which drugs to combine to enhance nephroprotection? – editorial to ACCOMPLISH Trial. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 3(3(8), 48-56. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2576
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References
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26. Zhou X., Matavelli L.C., Ono H., Frohlich E.D.: Superiority of combination of thiazide with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or AT1-receptor blocker over thiazide alone on renoprotection in L-NAME/SHR. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2005; 289: F871-879.
27. Fujihara C.K., Malheiros D.M., Zatz R.: Losartan-hydrochlorothiazide association promotes lasting blood pressure normalization and completely arrests long-term renal injury in the 5/6 ablation model. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2007; 292: F1810-1818.
28. Vogt L., Navis G., Koster J. et al.: The angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan reduces urinary albumin excretion in patients with isolated systolic hypertension: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Hypertens. 2005; 23: 2055-2061.
29. Parving H.H., Smidt U.M., Hommel E. et al.: Effective antihypertensive treatment postpones renal insufficiency in diabetic nephropathy. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1993; 22: 188-195.
30. Onuigbo M.A.C.: Reno-prevention vs. reno-protection: a critical re-appraisal of the evidence-base from the large RAAS blockade trials after ONTARGET – a call for more circumspection. Q. J. Med. 2009; 102: 155-167.
31. Tokmakova M.P., Skali H., Kenchaiah S. et al.: Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, and response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition after myocardial infarction: the Survival And Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) study. Circulation 2004; 110: 3667-3673.
32. Perkovic V., Ninomiya T., Arima H. et al.: Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events, and the effects of perindopril-based blood pressure lowering: data from the PROGRESS study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2007; 18: 2766-2772.
2. Safaridis P.A., Bakris G.L.: Resistant hypertension: an overview of evaluation and treatment. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2008; 52: 1749-1757.
3. Safaridis P.A., Li S., Chen S.C. et al.: Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in chronic kidney disease. Am. J. Med. 2008; 121: 332-340.
4. Plantinga L.C., Miller E.R., Stevens L.A. et al.: Blood pressure control among persons without and with chronic kidney disease: US trends and risk factors 1999-2006. Hypertension 2009; 54: 47-56.
5. Guérin A.P., Pannier B., Métivier F. et al.: Assessment and significance of arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 2008; 17: 635-641.
6. Ford M.L., Tomlinson L.A., Chapman T.P. et al.: Aortic stiffness is independently associated with rate of renal function decline in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4. Hypertension 2010; 55: 1110-1115.
7. Arulkumaran N., Diwakar R., Tahir Z. et al.: Pulse pressure and progression of chronic kidney disease. J. Nephrol. 2010; 23: 189-193.
8. Tonelli M., Gill J., Pandeya S. et al.: Barriers to blood pressure control and angiotensin enzyme inhibitor use in Canadian patients with chronic renal insufficiency. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2002; 17: 1426-1433.
9. Wright J.T., Agodoa L., Contreras G. et al.: Successful blood pressure control in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension. Arch. Intern. Med. 2002; 162: 1636-1643.
10. Yusuf S., Teo K.K., Pogub J. et al. (ONTARGET Investigators): Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358: 1547-1559.
11. Przewłocki T., Kabłak-Ziembicka A., Tracz W. et al.: Prevalence and prediction of renal artery stenosis in patients with coronary and supraaortic artery atherosclerotic disease. Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2008; 23: 580-585.
12. Kunz R., Friedrich C., Wolbers M., Mann J.F.: Meta-analysis: effect of monotherapy and combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system on proteinuria in renal disease. Ann. Intern. Med. 2008; 148: 30-48.
13. Fried L., Duckworth W., Hang J.H. et al.: Design of combination angiotensin receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor for treatment of diabetic nephropathy (VA NEPHRON-D). Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2009; 4: 361-368.
14. Parving H.H., Persson F., Lewis J.B. et al.: Aliskiren combined with losartan In type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 358: 2433-2446.
15. Persson F., Rossing P., Reinhard H. et al.: Renal effects of aliskiren compared with and in combination with irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and albuminuria. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 1873-1879.
16. Brenner B.M., Cooper M.E., de Zeeuw D. et al.; RENAAL Study Investigators: Effects of losartan on renal and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001; 345: 861-869.
17. Bakris G.L., Toto R.D., McCullough P.A. et al.; GUARD (Gauging Albuminuria Reduction With Lotrel in Diabetic Patients With Hypertension) Study Investigators: Effects of different ACE inhibitor combinations on albuminuria: results of the GUARD study. Kidney Int. 2008; 73: 1303-1309.
18. Jamerson K., Weber M.A., Bakris G.L. et al.; ACCOMPLISH Trial Investigators: Benazepril plus amlodipine or hydrochlorothiazide for hypertension in high-risk patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 2008; 359: 2417-2428.
19. Bakris G.L., Sarafidis P.A., Weir M.R. et al.; ACCOMPLISH Trial investigators: Renal outcomes with different fixed-dose combination therapies in patients with hypertension at high risk for cardiovascular events (ACCOMPLISH): a prespecified secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 375: 1173-1181.
20. Ruggenenti P., Perna A., Loliga G. et al.: Blood-pressure control for renoprotection in patients with non-diabetic chronic renal disease (REIN-2): multicentre, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet 2005; 365: 939-946.
21. Ruggenenti P., Fassi A., Ilieva A. et al.: Preventing microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes. N. Engl. J. Med. 2004; 351: 1941-1951.
22. Bakris G.L., Weir M.R., Secic M. et al.: Differential effects of calcium antagonist subclasses on markers of nephropathy progression. Kidney Int. 2004; 65: 1991-2002.
23. Bidani A.K., Griffin K.A.: Pathophysiology of hypertensive renal damage: implications for therapy. Hypertension 2004; 44: 595-601.
24.Hart P., Bakris G.L.: Calcium antagonists: do they equally protect against kidney injury? Kidney Int. 2008; 73: 795-796.
25. Sugano N., Wakino S., Kanda T. et al.: T-type calcium channel blockade as a therapeutic strategy against renal injury in rats with subtotal nephrectomy. Kidney Int. 2008; 73: 826-834.
26. Zhou X., Matavelli L.C., Ono H., Frohlich E.D.: Superiority of combination of thiazide with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or AT1-receptor blocker over thiazide alone on renoprotection in L-NAME/SHR. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2005; 289: F871-879.
27. Fujihara C.K., Malheiros D.M., Zatz R.: Losartan-hydrochlorothiazide association promotes lasting blood pressure normalization and completely arrests long-term renal injury in the 5/6 ablation model. Am. J. Physiol. Renal. Physiol. 2007; 292: F1810-1818.
28. Vogt L., Navis G., Koster J. et al.: The angiotensin II receptor antagonist telmisartan reduces urinary albumin excretion in patients with isolated systolic hypertension: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J. Hypertens. 2005; 23: 2055-2061.
29. Parving H.H., Smidt U.M., Hommel E. et al.: Effective antihypertensive treatment postpones renal insufficiency in diabetic nephropathy. Am. J. Kidney Dis. 1993; 22: 188-195.
30. Onuigbo M.A.C.: Reno-prevention vs. reno-protection: a critical re-appraisal of the evidence-base from the large RAAS blockade trials after ONTARGET – a call for more circumspection. Q. J. Med. 2009; 102: 155-167.
31. Tokmakova M.P., Skali H., Kenchaiah S. et al.: Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular risk, and response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition after myocardial infarction: the Survival And Ventricular Enlargement (SAVE) study. Circulation 2004; 110: 3667-3673.
32. Perkovic V., Ninomiya T., Arima H. et al.: Chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events, and the effects of perindopril-based blood pressure lowering: data from the PROGRESS study. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2007; 18: 2766-2772.