Beyond antihypertensive effect of zofenopril – sulfhydryl group effect Review article
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Published:
Dec 31, 2014
Keywords:
ACE, zofenopril, atherosclerosis
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Abstract
More than 15 years ago, the bi-sulfhydryl ACE-inhibitor zofenopril has shown an excellent clinical safety and efficacy in patients with hypertension and in those with myocardial infarction. The goal of this review is to summarize information on zofenopril with a particular emphasis on its physicochemical properties and pharmacodynamic/pharmacokinetic characteristics, including its high lipophilicity and selective cardiac ACE inhibition, as well as the free radical scavenging properties of its sulfhydryl group. These properties are responsible for the cardioprotective activity of zofenopril and its high potential in the prevention and therapy of cardiovascular diseases.
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Postuła , M., & Kosior , D. (2014). Beyond antihypertensive effect of zofenopril – sulfhydryl group effect. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 7(4(25), 81-84. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/jebm/article/view/2343
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References
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17. Cominacini L., Pasini A., Garbin U. et al.: Zofenopril inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species. Am. J. Hypertens. 2002; 15: 891-895.
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20. Altunoluk B., Soylemez H., Oguz F. et al.: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, zofenopril, prevents renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 2006; 36: 326-332.
21. Donnini S., Terzuoli E., Ziche M., Morbidelli L.: Sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor promotes endothelial cell survival through nitric-oxide synthase, fibroblast growth factor-2, and telomerase cross-talk. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2010; 332(3): 776-784.
22. Donnini S., Solito R., Giachetti A. et al.: Fibroblast growth factor-2 mediates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angiogenesis in coronary endothelium. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2006; 319(2): 515-522.
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24. Napoli C., Bruzzese G., Ignarro L.J. et al.: Long-term treatment with sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces carotid intima- media thickening and improves the nitric oxide⁄oxidative stress pathways in newly diagnosed patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension. Am. Heart J. 2008; 156(6): 1154.
2. Dzau V.J.: Theodore Cooper lecture: tissue angiotensin and pathobiology of vascular disease: a unifying hypothesis. Hypertension 2001; 37: 1047-1052.
3. Subissi A., Evangelista S., Giachetti A.: Preclinical profile of zofenopril: an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor with peculiar cardioprotective properties. Cardiovasc. Drug Rev. 1999; 17: 115-133.
4. Cushman D.W., Wang F.L., Fung W.C. et al.: Comparisons in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo of the actions of seven structurally diverse inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 1989; 28(suppl. 2): S115-S130.
5. Ranadive S.A., Chen A.X., Serajuddin A.T.: Relative lipophilicities and structural-pharmacological considerations of various angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Pharm. Res 1992; 9: 1480-1486.
6. Grover G.J., Sleph P.G., Dzwonczyk S. et al.: Effects of different angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on ischemic isolated rat hearts: relationship between cardiac ACE inhibition and cardioprotection. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1991; 257: 919-929.
7. Sargent C.A., Sleph P.G., Dzwonczyk S. et al.: Cardioprotection in ischemic rat hearts with the SH-containing angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril: possible involvement of the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1993; 265: 609-618.
8. Frascarelli S., Ghelardoni S., Ronca-Testoni S. et al.: Cardioprotective effect of zofenopril in perfused rat heart subjected to ischemia and reperfusion. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 2004; 43: 294-249.
9. Westendorp B., Schoemaker R.G., Buikema H. et al.: Dietary sodium restriction specifically potentiates left ventricular ACE inhibition by zofenopril, and is associated with attenuated hypertrophic response in rats with myocardial infarction. J. Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2004; 5: 27-32.
10. van Gilst W.H., de Graeff P.A., de Leeue M.J. et al.: Converting enzyme inhibitors and the role of the sulfhydryl group in the potentiation of exoand endogenous nitrovasodilatators. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1991; 18: 429-436.
11. Napoli C., Loscalzo J.: New challenges for ACE-inhibitors in vascular diseases. Drug Design Rev. 2005; 2: 485-493.
12. Napoli C., Sica V., Pignalosa O. et al.: New trends in anti-atherosclerotic agents. Curr. Med. Chem. 2005; 12: 1755-1772.
13. Scribner A.W., Loscalzo J., Napoli C.: The effect of angiotensyn converting enzyme inhibition on endothelial function and oxidant stress. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2003; 482: 95-99.
14. Napoli C., Sica V., de Nigris F. et al.: Sulfhydryl ACE inhibition induces a sustained reduction of systemic oxidative stress and improves the nitric oxide pathway in patients with essential hypertension. Am. Heart J. 2004; 148: e5-e13.
15. Napoli C., Cicala C., D’Armiento F.P. et al.: Beneficial effects of ACE-inhibition with zofenopril on plaque formation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits. Gen. Pharmacol. 1999; 33: 467-477.
16. Evangelista S., Manzini S.: Antioxidant and cardioprotective properties of the sulphydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor zofenopril. J. Int. Med. Res. 2005; 33: 42-54.
17. Cominacini L., Pasini A., Garbin U. et al.: Zofenopril inhibits the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells by reducing reactive oxygen species. Am. J. Hypertens. 2002; 15: 891-895.
18. Grobbee D.E., Bots M.L.: Carotid artery intima-media thickness as an indicator of generalized atherosclerosis. J. Intern. Med. 1994; 263: 567-573.
19. Mak I.T., Freedman A.M., Dickens B.F. et al.: Protective effects of sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors against free radical injury in endothelial cells. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1990; 40: 2169-2175.
20. Altunoluk B., Soylemez H., Oguz F. et al.: An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, zofenopril, prevents renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 2006; 36: 326-332.
21. Donnini S., Terzuoli E., Ziche M., Morbidelli L.: Sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor promotes endothelial cell survival through nitric-oxide synthase, fibroblast growth factor-2, and telomerase cross-talk. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2010; 332(3): 776-784.
22. Donnini S., Solito R., Giachetti A. et al.: Fibroblast growth factor-2 mediates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angiogenesis in coronary endothelium. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2006; 319(2): 515-522.
23. Riccioni G.: The Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs on Carotid Intima Media Thickness: An Up-to-Date Review. Curr. Med. Chem. 2009; 16: 988-996.
24. Napoli C., Bruzzese G., Ignarro L.J. et al.: Long-term treatment with sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition reduces carotid intima- media thickening and improves the nitric oxide⁄oxidative stress pathways in newly diagnosed patients with mild to moderate primary hypertension. Am. Heart J. 2008; 156(6): 1154.