The use of the elderberry extracts in the treatment of the respiratory infections Review article
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Published:
Mar 31, 2022
Keywords:
Sambucus nigra, elderberry, respiratory tract infections
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Abstract
Elderberry is a herbal medicine used as a complementary treatment in many disorders, especially in the upper respiratory tract infections. Elderberry fruits extracts reduce the severity and duration of the respiratory symptoms, they also inhibit the growth of some viruses and bacteria.
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Maruszczak , P., Woźniak , K., Woźniak , M., & Doniec , Z. (2022). The use of the elderberry extracts in the treatment of the respiratory infections. Medycyna Faktow (J EBM), 15(1(54), 46-49. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.MF.0122.6
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References
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9. Przybylska-Balcerek A, Szablewski T, Szwajkowska-Michałek L et al. Sambucus Nigra Extracts-Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds. Molecules. 2021; 26(10): 2910.
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11. Bown D. Encyclopaedia of herbs and their uses. Dorling Kindersley, London 1995.
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13. Barak V, Birkenfeld S, Halperin T et al. The effect of herbal remedies on the production of human inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Isr Med Assoc. 2002; J4(11 Suppl): 919-22.
14. Barak V, Halperin T, Kalickman I. The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry-based, natural product, on the production of human cytokines: I. Inflammatory cytokines. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2001; 12(2): 290-6.
15. Ho GT, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(3): 584.
16. Zakay-Rones Z, Varsano N, Zlotnik M et al. Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama. J Altern Complement Med. 1995; 1(4): 361-9.
17. Zakay-Rones Z, Thom E, Wollan T et al. Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. J Int Med Res. 2004; 32(2): 132-40.
18. Kong F. Pilot clinical study on a proprietary elderberry extract: efficacy in addressing influenza symptoms. Online J Pharmacol Pharmacokinet. 2009; 5: 32-43.
19. Tiralongo E, Wee SS, Lea RA. Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2016; 8(4): 182.
20. Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L et al. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta- analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2019; 42: 361-5.
21. Kronbichler A, Effenberger M, Eisenhut M et al. Seven recommendations to rescue the patients and reduce the mortality from COVID-19 infection: An immunological point of view. Autoimmun Rev. 2020; 19(7): 102570. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102570.
22. Auwerx J, François KO, Vanstreels E et al. Capture and transmission of HIV-1 by the C-type lectin L-SIGN (DC-SIGNR) is inhibited by carbohydrate- binding agents and polyanions. Antiviral Res. 2009; 83(1): 61-70.
23. Chan VS, Chan KY, Chen Y et al. Homozygous L-SIGN (CLEC4M) plays a protective role in SARS coronavirus infection. Nat Genet. 2006; 38(1): 38-46.
24. Keyaerts E, Vijgen L, Pannecouque C et al. Plant lectins are potent inhibitors of coronaviruses by interfering with two targets in the viral replication cycle. Antiviral Res. 2007; 75(3): 179-87.
2. Sapilak B. Sambucus nigra L. – przegląd badań naukowych. Medycyna Faktów. 2019; 1(42): 19-25.
3. Porter RS, Bode RF. A Review of the Antiviral Properties of Black Elder (Sambucus nigra L.) Products. Phytother Res. 2017; 31(4): 533-54.
4. Nagai T, Miyaichi Y, Tomimori T et al. Inhibition of influenza virus sialidase and anti-influenza virus activity by plant flavonoids. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1990; 38(5): 1329-32.
5. Roschek B, Fink RC, McMichael MD et al. Elderberry flavonoids bind to and prevent H1N1 infection in vitro. Phytochemistry. 2009; 70(10): 1255-61.
6. Krawitz C, Mraheil MA, Stein M et al. Inhibitory activity of a standardized elderberry liquid extract against clinically-relevant human respiratory bacterial pathogens and influenza A and B viruses. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011; 11: 16.
7. Izzo A, di Carlo G, Biscardi D et al. Biological screening of Italian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. Phytoter Res.1995; 9(4): 281-6.
8. Silveira D, Prieto-Garcia JM, Boylan F et al. COVID-19: Is There Evidence for the Use of Herbal Medicines as Adjuvant Symptomatic Therapy? Front Pharmacol. 2020; 11: 581840.
9. Przybylska-Balcerek A, Szablewski T, Szwajkowska-Michałek L et al. Sambucus Nigra Extracts-Natural Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Compounds. Molecules. 2021; 26(10): 2910.
10. Hearst C, Mccollum G, Nelson D et al. Antibacterial activity of elder (Sambucus nigra L.) flower or berry against hospital pathogens. J Med Plants Res. 2010; 4: 1805-9.
11. Bown D. Encyclopaedia of herbs and their uses. Dorling Kindersley, London 1995.
12. Gollucke AP, Peres RC, Odair A et al. Polyphenols: A nutraceutical approach against diseases. Recent Pat Food Nut Agric. 2013; 5(3): 214-9.
13. Barak V, Birkenfeld S, Halperin T et al. The effect of herbal remedies on the production of human inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Isr Med Assoc. 2002; J4(11 Suppl): 919-22.
14. Barak V, Halperin T, Kalickman I. The effect of Sambucol, a black elderberry-based, natural product, on the production of human cytokines: I. Inflammatory cytokines. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2001; 12(2): 290-6.
15. Ho GT, Wangensteen H, Barsett H. Elderberry and Elderflower Extracts, Phenolic Compounds, and Metabolites and Their Effect on Complement, RAW 264.7 Macrophages and Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2017; 18(3): 584.
16. Zakay-Rones Z, Varsano N, Zlotnik M et al. Inhibition of several strains of influenza virus in vitro and reduction of symptoms by an elderberry extract (Sambucus nigra L.) during an outbreak of influenza B Panama. J Altern Complement Med. 1995; 1(4): 361-9.
17. Zakay-Rones Z, Thom E, Wollan T et al. Randomized study of the efficacy and safety of oral elderberry extract in the treatment of influenza A and B virus infections. J Int Med Res. 2004; 32(2): 132-40.
18. Kong F. Pilot clinical study on a proprietary elderberry extract: efficacy in addressing influenza symptoms. Online J Pharmacol Pharmacokinet. 2009; 5: 32-43.
19. Tiralongo E, Wee SS, Lea RA. Elderberry Supplementation Reduces Cold Duration and Symptoms in Air-Travellers: A Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2016; 8(4): 182.
20. Hawkins J, Baker C, Cherry L et al. Black elderberry (Sambucus nigra) supplementation effectively treats upper respiratory symptoms: A meta- analysis of randomized, controlled clinical trials. Complement Ther Med. 2019; 42: 361-5.
21. Kronbichler A, Effenberger M, Eisenhut M et al. Seven recommendations to rescue the patients and reduce the mortality from COVID-19 infection: An immunological point of view. Autoimmun Rev. 2020; 19(7): 102570. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2020.102570.
22. Auwerx J, François KO, Vanstreels E et al. Capture and transmission of HIV-1 by the C-type lectin L-SIGN (DC-SIGNR) is inhibited by carbohydrate- binding agents and polyanions. Antiviral Res. 2009; 83(1): 61-70.
23. Chan VS, Chan KY, Chen Y et al. Homozygous L-SIGN (CLEC4M) plays a protective role in SARS coronavirus infection. Nat Genet. 2006; 38(1): 38-46.
24. Keyaerts E, Vijgen L, Pannecouque C et al. Plant lectins are potent inhibitors of coronaviruses by interfering with two targets in the viral replication cycle. Antiviral Res. 2007; 75(3): 179-87.