Olfactory training (rehabilitation of the sense of smell) in patients after COVID-19 | Alergoprofil

PDF (Język Polski)

Published: Jul 26, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.24292/01.AP.173260721

Keywords:

loss of smell, olfactory function, treatment, olfactory training

Piotr Rapiejko

Klinika Otolaryngologii i Onkologii Laryngologicznej z Klinicznym Oddziałem Chirurgii Czaszkowo-Szczękowo-Twarzowej, Wojskowy Instytut Medyczny w Warszawie

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-0294

Abstract

Loss of smell is a common symptom reported by patients with COVID-19 disease. Return of normal olfactory function is usually observed within a few weeks of recovery. However, about 10% of patients develop permanent or chronic olfactory impairment, such as olfactory weakness (hyposmia) or olfactory loss (anosmia). Intranasal glucocorticosteroids are used in the initial treatment of olfactory disorders, similar to sinusitis. If the loss of smell lasts longer than 2 weeks, olfactory training is recommended in addition to drug treatment. The high neuronal plasticity of the sense of smell provides opportunities for treatment by stimulating the sense of smell through daily exposure to specific odors.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

How to Cite

Rapiejko , P. (2021). Olfactory training (rehabilitation of the sense of smell) in patients after COVID-19. Alergoprofil, 17(3), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.AP.173260721

Issue

Vol 17 No 3 (2021)

Section

THERAPY

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.

Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)

References

1. < a href="http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1379">Boscolo-Rizzo P, Borsetto D, Fabbris C et al. Evolution of altered sense of smell or taste in patients with mildly symptomatic COVID-19. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2020; 146(8): 729-32. http://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2020.1379.
2. Le Bon S-D, Pisarski N, Verbeke J et al. Psychophysical evaluation of chemosensory functions 5 weeks after olfactory loss due to COVID-19: a prospective cohort study on 72 patients. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020; 278: 101-8. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-020-06267-2.
3. Vaira LA, Hopkins C, Petrocelli M et al. Smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a 60-day objective and prospective study. J Laryngol Otol. 2020; 134: 703-9. http://doi.org/10.1017/S0022215120001826.
4. Hura N, Xie DX, Choby GW et al. Treatment of post-viral olfactory dysfunction: an evidence-based review with recommendations. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2020; 10: 1065-86. http://doi.org/10.1002/alr.22624 .
5. Heilmann S, Huettenbrink K-B, Hummel T. Local and systemic administration of corticosteroids in the treatment of olfactory loss. Am J Rhinol. 2004; 18: 29-33. http://doi.org/10.1177/194589240401800107.
6. Miwa T, Ikeda K, Ishibashi T et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of olfactory dysfunction: secondary publication. Auris Nasus Larynx. 2019; 46: 653-62. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2019.04.002.
7. Whitcroft KL, Hummel T. Olfactory dysfunction in COVID-19. JAMA. 2020, 323: 2512. http://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.8391.
8. Rapiejko P. Zaburzenia zmysłu węchu. Medical Education, Warszawa 2016.
9. Rapiejko P. Badanie zmysłu węchu. In: Niemczyk K, Jurkiewicz D, Składzień J et al (ed). Otolaryngologia kliniczna. Vol 1. Medipage, Warszawa 2014: 121-3.
10. Rapiejko P. Zaburzenia zmysłu węchu w praktyce lekarza rodzinnego. Alergoprofil. 2021; 17(1): 3-10.
11. Hawkes CH. Smell, taste and COVID-19: testing is essential. QJM. 2021; 114(2): 83-91. http://doi.org/10.1093/qjmed/hcaa326.
12. Bousquet PJ, Akdis C, Jutel M et al. Intranasal corticosteroids in allergic rhinitis in COVID-19 infected patients: An ARIA-EAACI statement. Allergy. 2020. http://doi.org/10.1111/all.14302.
13. Hopkins C, Alanin M, Philpott C et al. Management of new onset loss of sense of smell during the COVID-19 pandemic – BRS Consensus Guidelines. Clin Otolaryngol. 2021; 46: 16-22. http://doi.org/10.1111/coa.13636.
14. Samoliński B, Nowicka A, Wojas O et al. Intranasal glucocorticosteroids – not only in allergic rhinitis In the 40th anniversary of intranasal glucocorticosteroids’ introduction. Otolaryngol Pol. 2014; 68(2): 51-64. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.otpol.2013.12.003.
15. Rot P, Rapiejko P, Jurkiewicz D. Intranasal steroid therapy – EPOS 2020. Otolaryngol Pol. 2020; 74(3): 41-9. http://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.2449.
16. Nowicka A, Samoliński B. Is the use of intranasal glucocorticosteroids (inGCSs) in children safe? Otolaryngol Pol. 2015; 69(1): 1-10. http://doi.org/10.5604/00306657.1136130.
17. Sorokowska A, Drechsler E, Karwowski M et al. Effects of olfactorytraining: a meta-analysis. Rhinology. 2017; 55: 17-26.
18. Damm M, Pikart LK, Reimann H et al. Olfactory training is helpful in postinfectious olfactory loss: a randomized, controlled, multicenter study. Laryngoscope. 2014; 124(4): 826-31.
19. Gottfried JA, Dolan RJ. The nose smells what the eye sees: crossmodal visual facilitation of human olfactory perception. Neuron. 2003; 39(2): 375-86.
20. Konstantinidis I, Tsakiropoulou E, Constantinidis J. Long term effects of olfactory training in patients with post-infectious olfactory loss. Rhinology. 2016; 54(2): 170-5.
21. Anosmie.org (acesss: 18.07.2021).
22. Hummel T, Iannilli E, Frasnelli J et al. Central processing of trigeminal activation in humans. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009; 1170: 190-5. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03910.x.