Co się zmieniło w diagnostyce patomorfologicznej nowotworów neuroendokrynnych układu pokarmowego w 2017 r.? Review article
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sie 31, 2017
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nowotwory neuroendokrynne, NET G3, NEC, rak neuroendokrynny, indeks profieracyjny Ki-67
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Abstrakt
Zmiany wprowadzone w klasyfikacjach WHO 2017 i TNM 2017 są następujące: 1. Wyodrębnienie nowej grupy guzów NET G3 z grupy raków neuroendokrynnych (NEC G3) o morfologii wysoko zróżnicowanych guzów neuroendokrynnych z indeksem proliferacyjnym powyżej 20% i ponad 20 figurami podziału w 10 dużych polach widzenia. 2. Podział nisko zróżnicowanych guzów neuroendokrynnych (PD NET) z indeksem proliferacyjnym Ki-67 powyżej 20% na 2 grupy różniące się stopniem zróżnicowania i rokowaniem: NET G3 i NEC. 3. Wprowadzenie terminu MINEN zamiast MANEC do określenia nowotworów mieszanych. 4. Weryfikacja kryteriów oceny stopnia histologicznej dojrzałości nowotworów (cechy G). 5. Ustalenie kryteriów stopniowania systemu TNM AJCC/UICC 2017 opartego na zaleceniach ENETS.
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Nasierowska-Guttmejer A. Co się zmieniło w diagnostyce patomorfologicznej nowotworów neuroendokrynnych układu pokarmowego w 2017 r.?. OncoReview [Internet]. 31 sierpień 2017 [cytowane 23 listopad 2024];7(3(27):109-15. Dostępne na: https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/OncoReview/article/view/462
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ENDOCRINOLOGY IN ONCOLOGY
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
Bibliografia
1. Rindi G, de Herder WW, O’Toole D et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumors: why such guidelines and how we went about it. Neuroendocrinology 2006; 84(3): 155-157. https://doi.org/101159/000098006.
2. Rindi G, de Herder WW, O’Toole D et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumors: the second event and some final considerations. Neuroendocrinology 2008; 87(1): 5-7. https://doi.org/101159/000109975.
3. Oberg K, Akerström G, Rindi G et al. ESMO Guidelines Working Group Neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010; 21(supl 5): v223-v227. https://doi.org/101093/annonc/mdq192.
4. Kvols LK, Brendtro KL; North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS). The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS) Guidelines: mission, goals, and process. Pancreas 2010; 39(6): 705-706. https://doi.org/101097/MPA0b013e3181eb7451.
5. Kos-Kudła B, Blicharz-Dorniak J, Handkiewicz-Junak D et al. Consensus Conference, Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2013; 64(6): 418-443. https://doi.org/105603/EP20130028.
6. Kos-Kudła B, Blicharz-Dorniak J, Strzelczyk J et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68 (2): 79-110. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170015.
7. Lipiński M, Rydzewska G, Fołtyn W et al. Gastroduodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms, including gastrinoma – management guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68(2): 138-153. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170016.
8. Starzyńska T, Londzin-Olesik M, Bałdys-Waligórska A et al. Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms – management guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68(2): 250-260. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170019.
9. Kos-Kudła B, Rosiek V, Borowska M et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms — management guidelines(recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68(2): 169-179. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170017.
10. Bednarczuk T, Bolanowski M, Zemczak A et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the small intestine and appendix — management guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68(2): 223-236. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170018.
11. Franko J, Feng W, Yip L et al. Non-functional neuroendcrine carcinoma of the pancreas: incidence, tumor biology, and outcomes in 2, 158 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14: 541-548.
12. Kolasińska-Ćwikła A. The mTOR signalling pathways in the pathogenesis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. Oncoreview 2016; 1(6): 37-42. https://doi.org/105604/208286911198520.
13. Solcia E, Kloppel G, Sobin LH. Histological Typing of Endocrine Tumours, 2nd edn. World Health Organization International Histological Classification of Tumours, Springer, Berlin 2000.
14. Kloppel G, Perren A, Heitz PU. The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors: the WHO classification. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004; 1014: 13-27. https://doi.org/101196/annals1294002.
15. Rindi G, Capella C et al. Nomenclature and classification of digestive neuroendocrine tumors. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH et al. (ed.). World Health Organization Classification of Tumours, Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System IARC Press, Lyon 2010: 13-14.
16. Nasierowska-Guttmejer A. Nowa klasyfikacja NET. OncoReview 2011; 1: 46-50.
17. Niederle MB, Hacki M, Kaserer K et al. Gastroenteropancreatic neurendocrine tumours: the current incidence and staging based on the WHO and European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society classification: an analysis based on prospectively collected parameters. Endocrine-Related Cancer 2010; 17: 909-918.
18. Rindi G, Klöppel G, Alhman H et al; all other Frascati Consensus Conference participants. European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS): TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 2006; 449(4): 395-401. https://doi.org/101007/s00428-006-0250-1.
19. Rindi G, Kloppel G, Couvelard A et al. TNM staging of midgut and hindgut (neuro) endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 2007; 451(4): 757-762. https://doi.org/10 1007/s00428-007-0452-1.
20. Klöppel G, Rindi G, Perren A et al. The ENETS and AJCC/UICC TNM classifications of the neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas: a statement. Virchows Arch 2010; 456(6): 595-597. https://doi.org/101007/s00428-010-0924-6.
21. Kloppel G, Couvelard A, Hruban RH et al. Neoplasm of the neuroendocrine pancreas. In: Lloyd RV, Osamura R, Kloppel G, Rosai J. WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs IARC Press, Lyon 2017: 210-221.
22. Woltering EA, Bergsland EK, Beyer DT et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Stomach American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 351-359. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
23. Bergsland E, Woltering E, Rindi G et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Duodenum and Ampulla of Vater. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual 2016: 361-373. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
24. Woltering EA, Bergsland EK, Beyer DT et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Jejunum and Ileum American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 375-387. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
25. Woltering EA, Bergsland EK, Beyer DT et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 389-394. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
26. Shi Ch, Woltering E, Deyer DT et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Colon and Rectum American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 395-406. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
27. Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C et al. (ed.). UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours Eight Edition Wiley Blackwell, 2017.
28. Basturk O, Tang L, Hruban RH et al. Poorly differentiated neuroen¬docrine carcinomas of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic analysis of 44 cases Am J Surg Pathol 2014; 38(4): 437-447
29. Basturk O, Yang Z, Tang LH et al. The high-grade (WHO G3) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor category is morphologically and biologically heterogenous and includes both well differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2015; 39(5): 683-690.
30. Heetfeld M, Chougnet CN, Olsen IH et al.; other Knowledge Network members: Characteristics and treatment of patients with G3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22(4): 657-664. https://doi.org/101530/ERC-15-0119.
31. Crippa S, Partelli S, Belfiori G et al. Management of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas (WHO G3): A tailored approach between proliferation and morphology. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(45): 9944-9953. https://doi.org/103748/wjgv22i459944.
32. Tang LH, Basturk O, SUE JJ et al. A Practical Approach to the Classification of WHO Grade 3 (G3) Well-differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor (WDNET) and Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (PD-NEC) of the Pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40: 1192-1202.
33. Milione M, Maisonneuve P, Spada F et al. The Clinicopathologic Heterogeneity of Grade 3 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Morphological Differentiation and Proliferation Identify Different Prognostic Categories. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 104(1): 85-93. https://doi.org/101159/000445165.
34. Konukiewitz B, Schlitter M, Jesinghaus M. Somatostatin receptor expression related to TP53 and RB1 alterations in pancreatic and extrapancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with a Ki67-index above 20%. Modern Pathology 2016; 30: 587-598. https://doi.org/101038/modpathol2016217.
35. Reid MD, Bagci P, Ohike N et al. Calculation of the Ki67 index in the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a comparative analysis of four counting methodologies. Mod Path 2015; 28: 686-694.
36. Bergsland EK, Woltering EA, Rindi G et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 407-419. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
2. Rindi G, de Herder WW, O’Toole D et al. Consensus guidelines for the management of patients with digestive neuroendocrine tumors: the second event and some final considerations. Neuroendocrinology 2008; 87(1): 5-7. https://doi.org/101159/000109975.
3. Oberg K, Akerström G, Rindi G et al. ESMO Guidelines Working Group Neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumours: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol 2010; 21(supl 5): v223-v227. https://doi.org/101093/annonc/mdq192.
4. Kvols LK, Brendtro KL; North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS). The North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS) Guidelines: mission, goals, and process. Pancreas 2010; 39(6): 705-706. https://doi.org/101097/MPA0b013e3181eb7451.
5. Kos-Kudła B, Blicharz-Dorniak J, Handkiewicz-Junak D et al. Consensus Conference, Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2013; 64(6): 418-443. https://doi.org/105603/EP20130028.
6. Kos-Kudła B, Blicharz-Dorniak J, Strzelczyk J et al. Diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for gastro-entero-pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68 (2): 79-110. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170015.
7. Lipiński M, Rydzewska G, Fołtyn W et al. Gastroduodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms, including gastrinoma – management guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68(2): 138-153. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170016.
8. Starzyńska T, Londzin-Olesik M, Bałdys-Waligórska A et al. Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms – management guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68(2): 250-260. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170019.
9. Kos-Kudła B, Rosiek V, Borowska M et al. Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms — management guidelines(recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68(2): 169-179. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170017.
10. Bednarczuk T, Bolanowski M, Zemczak A et al. Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the small intestine and appendix — management guidelines (recommended by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours). Endokrynol Pol 2017; 68(2): 223-236. https://doi.org/105603/EP20170018.
11. Franko J, Feng W, Yip L et al. Non-functional neuroendcrine carcinoma of the pancreas: incidence, tumor biology, and outcomes in 2, 158 patients. J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14: 541-548.
12. Kolasińska-Ćwikła A. The mTOR signalling pathways in the pathogenesis and treatment of neuroendocrine tumours. Oncoreview 2016; 1(6): 37-42. https://doi.org/105604/208286911198520.
13. Solcia E, Kloppel G, Sobin LH. Histological Typing of Endocrine Tumours, 2nd edn. World Health Organization International Histological Classification of Tumours, Springer, Berlin 2000.
14. Kloppel G, Perren A, Heitz PU. The gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine cell system and its tumors: the WHO classification. Ann NY Acad Sci 2004; 1014: 13-27. https://doi.org/101196/annals1294002.
15. Rindi G, Capella C et al. Nomenclature and classification of digestive neuroendocrine tumors. In: Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH et al. (ed.). World Health Organization Classification of Tumours, Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of the Digestive System IARC Press, Lyon 2010: 13-14.
16. Nasierowska-Guttmejer A. Nowa klasyfikacja NET. OncoReview 2011; 1: 46-50.
17. Niederle MB, Hacki M, Kaserer K et al. Gastroenteropancreatic neurendocrine tumours: the current incidence and staging based on the WHO and European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society classification: an analysis based on prospectively collected parameters. Endocrine-Related Cancer 2010; 17: 909-918.
18. Rindi G, Klöppel G, Alhman H et al; all other Frascati Consensus Conference participants. European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS): TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 2006; 449(4): 395-401. https://doi.org/101007/s00428-006-0250-1.
19. Rindi G, Kloppel G, Couvelard A et al. TNM staging of midgut and hindgut (neuro) endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 2007; 451(4): 757-762. https://doi.org/10 1007/s00428-007-0452-1.
20. Klöppel G, Rindi G, Perren A et al. The ENETS and AJCC/UICC TNM classifications of the neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract and the pancreas: a statement. Virchows Arch 2010; 456(6): 595-597. https://doi.org/101007/s00428-010-0924-6.
21. Kloppel G, Couvelard A, Hruban RH et al. Neoplasm of the neuroendocrine pancreas. In: Lloyd RV, Osamura R, Kloppel G, Rosai J. WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs IARC Press, Lyon 2017: 210-221.
22. Woltering EA, Bergsland EK, Beyer DT et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Stomach American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 351-359. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
23. Bergsland E, Woltering E, Rindi G et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Duodenum and Ampulla of Vater. AJCC Cancer Staging Manual 2016: 361-373. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
24. Woltering EA, Bergsland EK, Beyer DT et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Jejunum and Ileum American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 375-387. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
25. Woltering EA, Bergsland EK, Beyer DT et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Appendix American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 389-394. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
26. Shi Ch, Woltering E, Deyer DT et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Colon and Rectum American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 395-406. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.
27. Brierley JD, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C et al. (ed.). UICC TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours Eight Edition Wiley Blackwell, 2017.
28. Basturk O, Tang L, Hruban RH et al. Poorly differentiated neuroen¬docrine carcinomas of the pancreas: a clinicopathologic analysis of 44 cases Am J Surg Pathol 2014; 38(4): 437-447
29. Basturk O, Yang Z, Tang LH et al. The high-grade (WHO G3) pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor category is morphologically and biologically heterogenous and includes both well differentiated and poorly differentiated neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2015; 39(5): 683-690.
30. Heetfeld M, Chougnet CN, Olsen IH et al.; other Knowledge Network members: Characteristics and treatment of patients with G3 gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22(4): 657-664. https://doi.org/101530/ERC-15-0119.
31. Crippa S, Partelli S, Belfiori G et al. Management of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the pancreas (WHO G3): A tailored approach between proliferation and morphology. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22(45): 9944-9953. https://doi.org/103748/wjgv22i459944.
32. Tang LH, Basturk O, SUE JJ et al. A Practical Approach to the Classification of WHO Grade 3 (G3) Well-differentiated Neuroendocrine Tumor (WDNET) and Poorly Differentiated Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (PD-NEC) of the Pancreas. Am J Surg Pathol 2016; 40: 1192-1202.
33. Milione M, Maisonneuve P, Spada F et al. The Clinicopathologic Heterogeneity of Grade 3 Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Morphological Differentiation and Proliferation Identify Different Prognostic Categories. Neuroendocrinology 2017; 104(1): 85-93. https://doi.org/101159/000445165.
34. Konukiewitz B, Schlitter M, Jesinghaus M. Somatostatin receptor expression related to TP53 and RB1 alterations in pancreatic and extrapancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms with a Ki67-index above 20%. Modern Pathology 2016; 30: 587-598. https://doi.org/101038/modpathol2016217.
35. Reid MD, Bagci P, Ohike N et al. Calculation of the Ki67 index in the pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: a comparative analysis of four counting methodologies. Mod Path 2015; 28: 686-694.
36. Bergsland EK, Woltering EA, Rindi G et al. Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Pancreas American Joint Committee on Cancer 2017. In: Amin MB et al. (ed.). AJCC Cancer Staging Manual Eight Edition Springer, 2017: 407-419. https://doi.org/101007/978-3-319-40618-3_30.