Rola i miejsce jakości życia w nowoczesnym leczeniu chorych na raka płuca Artykuł przeglądowy
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gru 30, 2011
Słowa kluczowe:
jakość życia, rak płuca, czynniki obiektywne i subiektywne, aspekty psychologiczne
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Abstrakt
Jakość życia to osobisty sposób postrzegania przez jednostkę pozycji zajmowanej w życiu w kontekście kultury i systemu wartości oraz w odniesieniu do stawianych sobie celów, oczekiwań i obaw. Chorzy zmieniają postrzeganie jakości życia, uwzględniając też aspekt choroby. Poprawiają się możliwości diagnostyczne i wyniki leczenia onkologicznego, co oznacza, że jakość życia uwarunkowana stanem zdrowia ma coraz większe znaczenie. Metody chirurgiczne w obrębie klatki piersiowej wiążą się najczęściej z obniżeniem jakości życia, szczególnie w okresie okołooperacyjnym i niedługo po zabiegu. Dodanie chemioterapii lub radioterapii nie obniża bardziej jakości życia tych chorych. Celem chemioterapii jest przede wszystkim zmniejszenie lub ustąpienie dolegliwości związanych z nowotworem, uzyskanie obiektywnej odpowiedzi, wydłużenie czasu przeżycia, jak również poprawa jakości życia. Osoby chore na raka płuca swoją jakość życia oceniają niżej niż osoby niechorujące na raka. Zarówno chemioterapia wielolekowa oparta na związkach platyny, jak i nowe, molekularne metody celowane poprawiają zasadniczo jakość życia, jednakże w tym zakresie wciąż brak randomizowanych i prospektywnych badań uwzględniających nie tylko aspekty obiektywne, ale i subiektywne choroby. Badania w zakresie subiektywnych aspektów choroby stają się coraz ciekawsze. Pierwsze, pilotażowe badania wskazują, że cechy temperamentu oraz wybrane strategie radzenia sobie z chorobą mogą mieć związek z procesem terapeutycznym, a nawet wpływać na niego i być czynnikami predykcyjnymi wyników leczenia, bez wątpienia poprawiając jakość życia w chorobie.
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Kieszkowska-Grudny A. Rola i miejsce jakości życia w nowoczesnym leczeniu chorych na raka płuca. OncoReview [Internet]. 30 grudzień 2011 [cytowane 23 listopad 2024];1(4(4):248-55. Dostępne na: https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/OncoReview/article/view/271
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Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
Bibliografia
1. Rapley M.: Quality Life Research – a critical introduction. SAGE publication, London 2003.
2. Berbeka J.: Jakość życia ludności w województwie małopolskim – ocena subiektywna. Zeszyty Naukowe AE w Krakowie 2005; 697: 17-28.
3. WHO (World Health Organization): Programme on mental health. WHO user manual. Geneva: Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse World Health Organization. WHO, 1998.
4. Schipper H.: Quality of life: principles of the clinical paradigm. J. Psychol. 1990; 8(23): 171-185.
5. Streuden S., Okła W.: Jakość życia w chorobie. Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2007.
6. Peterman A.H., Cella D.: Quality of life. W: Encyclopedia of Psychology. Kazdin A.E. (red.). Oxford University Press – American Psychology Association 2000; 6: 445-456.
7. Karnofsky D.A., Burchenal J.H.: The Clinical Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents in Cancer. W: Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents. MacLeod C.M. (red.). Columbia Univ. Press 1949; 196.
8. Holland J.C.: Psychological care of patients: psycho-oncology’s contribution. American Cancer Society Award Lecture. J. Clin. Oncol. (supl.) 2003; 21: 253-265.
9. Rzyman W., Orłowski T.: Chirurgiczne leczenie niedrobnokomórkowego raka płuca. W: Nowotwory płuca i opłucnej. Jassem J., Krzakowski M. (red.). Praktyczny przewodnik dla lekarzy. Via Medica, Gdańsk 2009.
10. Kenny P.M., King M.T., Viney R.C. et al.: Quality of life and survival in the 2 years after surgery for non small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008 Jan 10; 26(2): 233-41 [Epub 2007 Dec 17].
11. Ilonen I.K., Räsänen J.V., Knuuttila A. et al.: Quality of life following lobectomy or bilobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer, a two-year prospective follow-up study. Lung Cancer 2010 Dec; 70(3): 347-51.
12. Heuker D., Lengele B., Delecluse V. et al.: Subjective and objective assessment of quality of life after chest wall resection. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2011 Jan; 39(1): 102-8.
13. Li W.W., Lee T.W., Lam S.S. et al.: Quality of life following lung cancer resection: video-assisted thoracic surgery vs thoracotomy. Chest 2002; 122: 584-589.
14. Whitson B.A., Andrade R.S., Boettcher A. et al.: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery is More Favorable Than Thoracotomy for Resection of Clinical Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2007; 83: 1965-1970.
15. Igai H., Takahashi M., Ohata K. et al.: Surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer in octogenarians – the usefulness of video-assisted thoracic surgery. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2009; 9(2): 274-7.
16. Jones L.W., Eves N.D., Peterson B.L. et al.: Safety and feasibility of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in postsurgical nonsmall cell lung cancer patients: a pilot study. Cancer 2008; 113(12): 3430-9.
17. Smythe W.R.: Treatment of stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma. Chest 2003; 123(supl. 1): 181S-187S.
18. Scott W.J., Howington J., Movsas B.: Treatment of stage II non-small cell lung cancer. Chest 2003; 123(supl. 1): 188S-201S.
19. Schulte T., Schniewind B., Walter J. et al.: Age-related impairment of quality of life after lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2010; 68(1): 115-20.
20. Kepka L., Bujko K., Orlowski T.M. et al.: Cardiopulmonary morbidity and quality of life in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with or without postoperative radiotherapy. Radiother. Oncol. 2011; 98(2): 238-43.
21. Langendijk J.A., Aaronson N.K., de Jong J.M. et al.: Prospective study on quality of life before and after radical radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 19(8): 2123-33.
22. Bezjak A., Lee C.W., Ding K. et al.: Quality-of-life outcomes for adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized trial, JBR.10. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 26(31): 5052-9.
23. Jang R.W., Le Maître A., Ding K. et al.: Quality-adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group JBR.10 trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 27(26): 4268-73 [Epub 2009 Aug 10].
24. Winton T., Livingston R., Johnson D. et al.: Vinorelbine plus cisplatin vs. observation in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 352(25): 2589-97.
25. Barlési F., Doddoli C., Loundou A. et al.: Preoperative psychological global well being index (PGWBI) predicts postoperative quality of life for patients with non-small cell lung cancer managed with thoracic surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2006; 30(3): 548-53.
26. Movsas B., Moughan J., Sarna L. et al.: Quality of life supersedes the classic prognosticators for long-term survival in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of RTOG 9801. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 27(34): 5816-22.
27. Trippoli S., Vaiani M., Lucioni C. et al.: Quality of life and utility in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Quality-of-life Study Group of the Master 2 Project in Pharmacoeconomics. Pharmacoeconomics 2001; 19(8): 855-63.
28. Schiller J.H., Harrington D., Belani C.P. et al.: Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002; 346: 92-98.
29. NSCLC Meta-Analyses Collaborative Group: Chemotherapy in addition to supportive care improves survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 16 randomized controlled trials. J. Clin. Oncol 2008; 26: 4617-4625.
30. Gridelli C.: The ELVIS trial: a phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study. The Oncologist 2001; 6(supl. 1): 4-7.
31. Makrantonakis P.D., Galani E., Harper P.G.: Non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly. Oncologist 2004; 9(5): 556-60.
32. Gridelli C., Gallo C., Shepherd F.A. et al.: Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine compared with cisplatin plus vinorelbine or cisplatin plus gemcitabine for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial of the Italian GEM-VIN investigators and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 3025-3034.
33. Lilenbaum R.C., Chen C.S., Chidiac T. et al.: Phase II randomized trial of vinorelbine and gemcitabine versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann. Oncol. 2005; 16(1): 97-101.
34. Greco F.A., Gray J.R. jr, Thompson D.S. et al.: Prospective randomized study of four novel chemotherapy regimens in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma: a minnie pearl cancer research network trial. Cancer 2002; 95(6): 1279-85.
35. Greco F.A., Spigel D.R., Kuzur M.E. et al.: Paclitaxel/Carboplatin/gemcitabine versus gemcitabine/vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II/III study of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network. Clin. Lung Cancer 2007; 8(8): 483-7.
36. Brown J., Thorpe H., Napp V. et al.: Assessment of quality of life in the supportive care setting of the big lung trial in non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005 Oct 20; 23(30): 7417-27.
37. Giaccone G., Splinter T.A.W., Debruyne C. et al.: Randomized study of paclitaxel-cisplatin versus cisplatin-teniposide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 16: 2133-44.
38. Gatzmeier U., von Pawel J., Gottfried M. et al.: Phase III comparative study of high-dose cisplatin versus a combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 17: 454a.
39. Bonomi P., Kim K., Fairclough D. et al.: Comparison of survival and quality of life in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with two dose levels of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin versus etoposide with cisplatin: Results of an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2000; 18: 623-31.
40. Bezjak A., Tu D., Seymour L. et al.: Symptom improvement in lung cancer patients treated with erlotinib: quality of life analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study BR.21. J. Clin. Oncol. 2006; 24(24): 3831-7.
41. Gridelli C., Bareschino M.A., Schettino C. et al.: Erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer treatment: current status and future development. Oncologist 2007; 12(7): 840-9.
42. Wheatley-Price P., Ding K., Seymour L. et al.: Erlotinib for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the elderly: an analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study BR.21. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 26(14): 2350-7.
43. Stinchcombe T.E., Socinski M.A.: Gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: does it deserve a second chance? Oncologist 2008; 13(9): 933-44.
44. Lee D.H., Park K., Kim J.H. et al.: Randomized Phase III trial of gefitinib versus docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer patients who have previously received platinum-based chemotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 2010; 16(4): 1307-14.
45. Sanford M., Scott L.J.: Gefitinib: a review of its use in the treatment of locally advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Drugs 2009; 69(16): 2303-28.
46. Cella D., Herbst R.S., Lynch T.J. et al.: Clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms and quality of life for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving gefitinib in a randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23(13): 2946-54.
47. Sandler A., Gray R., Perry M.C. et al.: Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 355(24): 2542-50.
48. Reck M., von Pawel J., Zatloukal P. et al.: Phase III trial of cisplatin plus gemcitabine with either placebo or bevacizumab as first-line therapy for nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: AVAil. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 27(8): 1227-34.
49. Greer J.A., Pirl W.F., Park E.R. et al.: Behavioral and psychological predictors of chemotherapy adherence in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J. Psychosom. Res. 2008; 65(6): 549-52.
50. Kieszkowska-Grudny A., Grudny J., Janowicz-Zebrowska A. et al.: Relationship Between Psychological and Medical Factors and Cancer Related Fatigue Syndrome in Advanced NSCLC Patients Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy. Psycho-Oncology 2011; 20(supl. 1): 107.
51. Kieszkowska-Grudny A., Wytykowska A., Sierko E. et al.: The role of objective and subjective factors in cancer-related fatigue syndrome: a pilot study in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative radiotherapy treatment. Adv. Pall. Med. 2008; 7: 61-68.
52. Kieszkowska-Grudny A., Grudny J., Sierko E. et al.: Role of psychological and emotional factors in cancer related fatigue (CRF) syndrome in advanced NSCLC patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy. Adv. Pall. Med. 2010; 9(3): 81-86.
53. Hopwood P., Stephens R.J.: Depression in patients with lung cancer: prevalence and risk factors derived from quality-of-life data. J. Clin. Oncol. 2000; 18(4): 893-903.
2. Berbeka J.: Jakość życia ludności w województwie małopolskim – ocena subiektywna. Zeszyty Naukowe AE w Krakowie 2005; 697: 17-28.
3. WHO (World Health Organization): Programme on mental health. WHO user manual. Geneva: Division of Mental Health and Prevention of Substance Abuse World Health Organization. WHO, 1998.
4. Schipper H.: Quality of life: principles of the clinical paradigm. J. Psychol. 1990; 8(23): 171-185.
5. Streuden S., Okła W.: Jakość życia w chorobie. Wydawnictwo KUL, Lublin 2007.
6. Peterman A.H., Cella D.: Quality of life. W: Encyclopedia of Psychology. Kazdin A.E. (red.). Oxford University Press – American Psychology Association 2000; 6: 445-456.
7. Karnofsky D.A., Burchenal J.H.: The Clinical Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents in Cancer. W: Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents. MacLeod C.M. (red.). Columbia Univ. Press 1949; 196.
8. Holland J.C.: Psychological care of patients: psycho-oncology’s contribution. American Cancer Society Award Lecture. J. Clin. Oncol. (supl.) 2003; 21: 253-265.
9. Rzyman W., Orłowski T.: Chirurgiczne leczenie niedrobnokomórkowego raka płuca. W: Nowotwory płuca i opłucnej. Jassem J., Krzakowski M. (red.). Praktyczny przewodnik dla lekarzy. Via Medica, Gdańsk 2009.
10. Kenny P.M., King M.T., Viney R.C. et al.: Quality of life and survival in the 2 years after surgery for non small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008 Jan 10; 26(2): 233-41 [Epub 2007 Dec 17].
11. Ilonen I.K., Räsänen J.V., Knuuttila A. et al.: Quality of life following lobectomy or bilobectomy for non-small cell lung cancer, a two-year prospective follow-up study. Lung Cancer 2010 Dec; 70(3): 347-51.
12. Heuker D., Lengele B., Delecluse V. et al.: Subjective and objective assessment of quality of life after chest wall resection. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2011 Jan; 39(1): 102-8.
13. Li W.W., Lee T.W., Lam S.S. et al.: Quality of life following lung cancer resection: video-assisted thoracic surgery vs thoracotomy. Chest 2002; 122: 584-589.
14. Whitson B.A., Andrade R.S., Boettcher A. et al.: Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery is More Favorable Than Thoracotomy for Resection of Clinical Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2007; 83: 1965-1970.
15. Igai H., Takahashi M., Ohata K. et al.: Surgical treatment for non-small cell lung cancer in octogenarians – the usefulness of video-assisted thoracic surgery. Interact. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Surg. 2009; 9(2): 274-7.
16. Jones L.W., Eves N.D., Peterson B.L. et al.: Safety and feasibility of aerobic training on cardiopulmonary function and quality of life in postsurgical nonsmall cell lung cancer patients: a pilot study. Cancer 2008; 113(12): 3430-9.
17. Smythe W.R.: Treatment of stage I non-small cell lung carcinoma. Chest 2003; 123(supl. 1): 181S-187S.
18. Scott W.J., Howington J., Movsas B.: Treatment of stage II non-small cell lung cancer. Chest 2003; 123(supl. 1): 188S-201S.
19. Schulte T., Schniewind B., Walter J. et al.: Age-related impairment of quality of life after lung resection for non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2010; 68(1): 115-20.
20. Kepka L., Bujko K., Orlowski T.M. et al.: Cardiopulmonary morbidity and quality of life in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with or without postoperative radiotherapy. Radiother. Oncol. 2011; 98(2): 238-43.
21. Langendijk J.A., Aaronson N.K., de Jong J.M. et al.: Prospective study on quality of life before and after radical radiotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 19(8): 2123-33.
22. Bezjak A., Lee C.W., Ding K. et al.: Quality-of-life outcomes for adjuvant chemotherapy in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: results from a randomized trial, JBR.10. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 26(31): 5052-9.
23. Jang R.W., Le Maître A., Ding K. et al.: Quality-adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group JBR.10 trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 27(26): 4268-73 [Epub 2009 Aug 10].
24. Winton T., Livingston R., Johnson D. et al.: Vinorelbine plus cisplatin vs. observation in resected non-small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 352(25): 2589-97.
25. Barlési F., Doddoli C., Loundou A. et al.: Preoperative psychological global well being index (PGWBI) predicts postoperative quality of life for patients with non-small cell lung cancer managed with thoracic surgery. Eur. J. Cardiothorac. Surg. 2006; 30(3): 548-53.
26. Movsas B., Moughan J., Sarna L. et al.: Quality of life supersedes the classic prognosticators for long-term survival in locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: an analysis of RTOG 9801. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 27(34): 5816-22.
27. Trippoli S., Vaiani M., Lucioni C. et al.: Quality of life and utility in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Quality-of-life Study Group of the Master 2 Project in Pharmacoeconomics. Pharmacoeconomics 2001; 19(8): 855-63.
28. Schiller J.H., Harrington D., Belani C.P. et al.: Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002; 346: 92-98.
29. NSCLC Meta-Analyses Collaborative Group: Chemotherapy in addition to supportive care improves survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data from 16 randomized controlled trials. J. Clin. Oncol 2008; 26: 4617-4625.
30. Gridelli C.: The ELVIS trial: a phase III study of single-agent vinorelbine as first-line treatment in elderly patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Elderly Lung Cancer Vinorelbine Italian Study. The Oncologist 2001; 6(supl. 1): 4-7.
31. Makrantonakis P.D., Galani E., Harper P.G.: Non-small cell lung cancer in the elderly. Oncologist 2004; 9(5): 556-60.
32. Gridelli C., Gallo C., Shepherd F.A. et al.: Gemcitabine plus vinorelbine compared with cisplatin plus vinorelbine or cisplatin plus gemcitabine for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase III trial of the Italian GEM-VIN investigators and the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 3025-3034.
33. Lilenbaum R.C., Chen C.S., Chidiac T. et al.: Phase II randomized trial of vinorelbine and gemcitabine versus carboplatin and paclitaxel in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann. Oncol. 2005; 16(1): 97-101.
34. Greco F.A., Gray J.R. jr, Thompson D.S. et al.: Prospective randomized study of four novel chemotherapy regimens in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma: a minnie pearl cancer research network trial. Cancer 2002; 95(6): 1279-85.
35. Greco F.A., Spigel D.R., Kuzur M.E. et al.: Paclitaxel/Carboplatin/gemcitabine versus gemcitabine/vinorelbine in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a phase II/III study of the Minnie Pearl Cancer Research Network. Clin. Lung Cancer 2007; 8(8): 483-7.
36. Brown J., Thorpe H., Napp V. et al.: Assessment of quality of life in the supportive care setting of the big lung trial in non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005 Oct 20; 23(30): 7417-27.
37. Giaccone G., Splinter T.A.W., Debruyne C. et al.: Randomized study of paclitaxel-cisplatin versus cisplatin-teniposide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 16: 2133-44.
38. Gatzmeier U., von Pawel J., Gottfried M. et al.: Phase III comparative study of high-dose cisplatin versus a combination of paclitaxel and cisplatin in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. Proc. Am. Soc. Clin. Oncol. 1998; 17: 454a.
39. Bonomi P., Kim K., Fairclough D. et al.: Comparison of survival and quality of life in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with two dose levels of paclitaxel combined with cisplatin versus etoposide with cisplatin: Results of an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2000; 18: 623-31.
40. Bezjak A., Tu D., Seymour L. et al.: Symptom improvement in lung cancer patients treated with erlotinib: quality of life analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study BR.21. J. Clin. Oncol. 2006; 24(24): 3831-7.
41. Gridelli C., Bareschino M.A., Schettino C. et al.: Erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer treatment: current status and future development. Oncologist 2007; 12(7): 840-9.
42. Wheatley-Price P., Ding K., Seymour L. et al.: Erlotinib for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer in the elderly: an analysis of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group Study BR.21. J. Clin. Oncol. 2008; 26(14): 2350-7.
43. Stinchcombe T.E., Socinski M.A.: Gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: does it deserve a second chance? Oncologist 2008; 13(9): 933-44.
44. Lee D.H., Park K., Kim J.H. et al.: Randomized Phase III trial of gefitinib versus docetaxel in non-small cell lung cancer patients who have previously received platinum-based chemotherapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 2010; 16(4): 1307-14.
45. Sanford M., Scott L.J.: Gefitinib: a review of its use in the treatment of locally advanced/metastatic non-small cell lung cancer. Drugs 2009; 69(16): 2303-28.
46. Cella D., Herbst R.S., Lynch T.J. et al.: Clinically meaningful improvement in symptoms and quality of life for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer receiving gefitinib in a randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23(13): 2946-54.
47. Sandler A., Gray R., Perry M.C. et al.: Paclitaxel-carboplatin alone or with bevacizumab for non-small-cell lung cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2006; 355(24): 2542-50.
48. Reck M., von Pawel J., Zatloukal P. et al.: Phase III trial of cisplatin plus gemcitabine with either placebo or bevacizumab as first-line therapy for nonsquamous non-small-cell lung cancer: AVAil. J. Clin. Oncol. 2009; 27(8): 1227-34.
49. Greer J.A., Pirl W.F., Park E.R. et al.: Behavioral and psychological predictors of chemotherapy adherence in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J. Psychosom. Res. 2008; 65(6): 549-52.
50. Kieszkowska-Grudny A., Grudny J., Janowicz-Zebrowska A. et al.: Relationship Between Psychological and Medical Factors and Cancer Related Fatigue Syndrome in Advanced NSCLC Patients Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy. Psycho-Oncology 2011; 20(supl. 1): 107.
51. Kieszkowska-Grudny A., Wytykowska A., Sierko E. et al.: The role of objective and subjective factors in cancer-related fatigue syndrome: a pilot study in advanced cancer patients receiving palliative radiotherapy treatment. Adv. Pall. Med. 2008; 7: 61-68.
52. Kieszkowska-Grudny A., Grudny J., Sierko E. et al.: Role of psychological and emotional factors in cancer related fatigue (CRF) syndrome in advanced NSCLC patients undergoing palliative chemotherapy. Adv. Pall. Med. 2010; 9(3): 81-86.
53. Hopwood P., Stephens R.J.: Depression in patients with lung cancer: prevalence and risk factors derived from quality-of-life data. J. Clin. Oncol. 2000; 18(4): 893-903.