Planning hormonal therapy in prostate cancer patients – expert view Review article
Main Article Content
Abstract
In last decades prostate cancer became one of the most common cancers in the World, and one of the most common cancer death diagnosis. As a hormone-dependent entity for almost 70 years prostate cancer is treated with hormonal manipulation. At present hormonal blockade with LHRH analogues is used in therapy of the advanced prostate cancer, however hormonal manipulation is useful in different stages of disease from neoadjuvant setting prior to radiotherapy, adjuvant therapy post surgery or radiotherapy and in relapses after radical treatment. Post progression on the hormonal therapy next line hormone manipulation may result in objective response.
Downloads
Metrics
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
2. Dobruch J., Modzelewska E., Popiel M. et al.: Stopień klinicznego zaawansowania raka stercza w momencie rozpoznania. Urol. Pol. 2006; 59: 269-274.
3. Huggins C., Hodges C.V.: Studies on prostatic cancer. The effects of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injectionon serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Cancer Res. 1941; 1: 293-297.
4. D’Amico A.V., Whittington R., Malkowicz S.B. et al.: Biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam radiation therapy or interstinal radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. JAMA 1998; 280: 969-974.
5. Pilepich M.V., Vinter K., John M. et al.: Phase III radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 86-10 of androgen deprivation adjuvant to definite radiotherapy in locally advanced carcionoma of the prostate. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 2001; 50: 1243-1252.
6. Hanks G.E., Pajak T.F., Porter A. et al.: Phase II trial on long-term adjuvant androgen deprivation after neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate ; the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 92 02. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21: 3972-3978.
7. Lawton C.A., Winter K., Grignon D. et al.: Androgen suppression plus radiation versus radiation alone for patients with stage d1/pathologic nodepositive adenocarcinoma of the prostate; updated results based on national prospective randomized trial Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 85-31. J. Clin. Oncol. 2005; 23: 800-807.
8. Eisenberger M.A., Blumenstein B.A., Crawford E.D.: Bilateral orchidectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. N. Eng. J. Med. 1998; 339: 1036-1042.
9. Sato N., Gleave M.E., Bruchovsky N. et al.: Intermittent androgen suppression delays progression to androgen independent regulation of prostatespecyfic antigen gene in the LNCaP prostate tumor model. J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. 1996; 58: 139-146.
10. Show G.L., Wilson P., Curick J. et al.: International study into the use of intermittent hormonal therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate; a meta-analysis of 1446 patients. BJU Int. 2007; 99: 1056-1065.
11. Omstein D.K., Rao G., Johnson B.: Combined finasteride and flutamide therapy in men with advanced prostate cancer. Urology 1996; 48: 901-905.
12. Brufsky A., Fontaine-Roth P., Berlane K.: Finasteryde and flutamide as potency-sparing androgen-ablative therapy for advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Urology 1997; 49: 913-920.
13. Byar D.P., Carele D.K.: Hormone therapy for prostate cancer; results of the Veteran Administration Cooperative Urological Reaserch Group studies NCI Monographs 1988; 7: 165-170.
14. Schroder F.H., Kurth K.H., Fossa S.D.: Early versus delayded endocrine treatment of pN1-3M0 prostate cancer without local traearment of the primary tumor; results of the European Organisation for the Reaserch and Treatment of Cancer 30846 – a phase III study. J. Urol. 2004; 172: 923-927.
15. Hussan M., Tangen C.M., Higano C. et al.: Absolute prostate-specyfic antigen value after androgen deprivation is a strong independent predictor of survival in new metastatic prostate cancer: Data from Southwest Oncology Group Trial 9346 (INT-0162). J. Clin. Oncol. 2006; 24: 3984-3990.
16. Cradford E.D., Sartor O., Chu F. et al.: A 12-month clinical study of LA2585 (45.0mg): a new 6 month subcutaneous delivery system for leuproide acetate for the treatment of prostate cancer. J. Urol. 2006; 175: 533-536.
17. Oh W.K., Manola J., Bittmann L. et al.: Finasteryde and Flutamide therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer: response to subsequent castration et long-term follow up. Urology 2003; 62: 99-104.
18. Hussain M., Wolf M., Marshall E. et al.: Effect of continued androgen deprivation therapy and other prognostic factors on response and survival in phase II chemotherapy trials for hormone-refractory prostate cancer; a Southwest Oncology Group report. J. Clin. Oncol. 1994; 12: 1868-1875.
19. Taylor C.D., Elson P., Trump D.L.: Importance of continued testicular suppression In the hormone-refractory prostate cance. J. Clin. Oncol. 1993; 11: 2167-72.
20. Dupont A., Gomez J.l., Cusan L. et al.: Response to flutamide withdrawal in advanced prostate cancer in progression under combination therapy. J. Urol. 1993; 3: 908-913.
21. Tannock L., Gospodarowicy M., Meakin W. et al.: Treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer with low dose prednisone: evaluation of pain and quality of life as pragmatic indices of response. J. Clin. Oncol. 1989; 7: 590-597.
22. Ryan C.J., Small E.J.: Role of secondary hormonal therapy in the management of recurrent prostate cancer. Urology 2003; 62(supl. 1): 87-94.
23. Lam J.S., Leppert J.T., Vernulapalii S.N. et al.: Secondary hormonal therapy for advanced prostate cancer. J. Urol. 2006; 175: 27-34.
24. Figg W.D., Liu Y., Arlen P. et al.: A randomized, phase II trial of ketoconazole plus aledronate versus ketoconazole alone in patients with androgene independent prostate cancer and bone metastases. J. Urol. 2005; 173: 790-796.
25. Ryan C.J., Harzstark A.L., Lin A.M. et al.: Abiraterone acetate (AA) in patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and prior therapy with ketoconazole: A Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium study. J. Clin. Oncol. 2011; 29(supl.): abstr. 4500.
26. Senkus-Konefka E., Antoniewicz A., Borkowska A. et al.: Zalecenia dotyczące postępowania w raku gruczołu krokowego – konferencja okrągłego stołu. Onkol. Prak. Klin. 2007; 3: 103-11.