Early molecular response as a criterion of optimal response to chronic myeloid leukemia treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors Review article
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Abstract
Maximal reduction of leukemic BCR/ABL-positive cells and achievement of persistent deep molecular response with the chance for sustained treatment-free survival in possibly all patients is a current goal of chronic myeloid leukemia therapy. The prognostic factors that could be useful in current clinical practice are investigated since many years now. Fast and deep response to TKI therapy assessed at 3 months from the onset were correlated with improved outcome of further treatment. BCR/ABL level ≤ 10% at 3 months predict improved 3-year MR4.5, PFS, OS, and lower risk of transformation to accelerated phase or blast crisis regardless of the TKI that has been used. CCyR/PCyR achieved at 3 months predict improved 3-year PFS as well. Patients receiving second generation TKIs achieved the BCR/ABL level ≤ 10% at 3 months more frequently with fewer transformations and deaths occurred than patients treated with imatinib. These results support 3-month cutoffs of > 10% BCR/ABL for identifying high-risk patients with worse prognosis. A RQ-PCR result of BCR/ABL > 10% at 3 months should be considered as a treatment failure as indicated in current PALG recommendations for CML therapy.
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
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