Aripiprazole, olanzapine and quetiapine in the treatment of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder Review article
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Dec 31, 2020
Keywords:
aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine, pharmacotherapy, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
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Abstract
Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) treatment both in the acute phases of the illness and in the long-term therapy which reduces the risk of relapses. Pharmacotherapy, if administered consistently and in adherence to recommendations, reduces the risk of recurrent episodes of SZ and BD and resulting hospitalizations, emergence of treatment-resistant residual symptoms and functional deterioration. Therefore, when choosing an antipsychotic drug (AP), it is of crucial importance to individualize the treatment in a way that maximalizes its’ efficacy and minimalizes these adverse effects which the patient is not able to tolerate. Furthermore, it’s vital to consider the safety profile of given AP, especially in patients burdened with concomitant diseases. The aim of this work is to briefly discuss and compare the efficacy, tolerance and safety of aripiprazole, olanzapine and quetiapine in the treatment of SZ and BD.
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References
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11. Leucht S, Leucht C, Huhn M et al. Sixty years of placebo-controlled antipsychotic drug trials in acute schizophrenia: Systematic review, Bayesian meta-analysis, and meta-regression of efficacy predictors. Am J Psychiatry. 2017; 174: 927-42.
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27. Vieta E, T’joen C, McQuade RD et al. Efficacy of adjunctive aripiprazole to either valproate or lithium in bipolar mania patients partially nonresponsive to valproate/lithium monotherapy: A placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2008; 165: 1316-25.
28. Young AH, Oren DA, Lowy A et al. Aripiprazole monotherapy in acute mania: 12-Week randomised placebo- and haloperidol-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009; 194: 40-8.
29. Vieta E, Bourin M, Sanchez R et al. Effectiveness of aripiprazole v. haloperidol in acute bipolar mania: Double-blind, randomised, comparative 12-week trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2005 187: 235-42.
30. Jeong HG, Lee MS, Ko YH et al. Combination treatment with aripiprazole and valproic acid for acute mania: An 8-week, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012; 35: 97-102.
31. El-Mallakh RS, Marcus R, Baudelet C et al. A 40-week double-blind aripiprazole versus lithium follow-up of a 12-week acute phase study (total 52 weeks) in bipolar i disorder. J Affect Disord. 2012; 136: 258-66.
32. Marcus R, Khan A, Rollin L et al. Efficacy of aripiprazole adjunctive to lithium or valproate in the long-term treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder with an inadequate response to lithium or valproate monotherapy: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Bipolar Disord. 2011; 13: 133-44.
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34. Levine SZ, Rabinowitz J, Ascher-Svanum H et al. H. Extent of attaining and maintaining symptom remission by antipsychotic medication in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: Evidence from the CATIE study. Schizophr Res. 2011; 133: 42-6.
35. Haro JM, Suarez D, Novick D et al. Three-year antipsychotic effectiveness in the outpatient care of schizophrenia: Observational versus randomized studies results. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007; 17: 235-44.
36. Mehta ND, Won MJ, Babin SL et al. Differential benefits of olanzapine on executive function in schizophrenia patients: Preliminary findings. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2020; 35(1): e2718.
37. He H, Zhou Y, Yang M et al. Comparison of Olanzapine versus Other Second-Generation Antipsychotics in the Improvement of Insight and Medication Discontinuation Rate in Schizophrenia. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2018; 30: 178-87.
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39. Green AI, Lieberman JA, Hamer RM et al. Olanzapine and haloperidol in first episode psychosis: Two-year data. Schizophr Res. 2006; 86: 234-43.
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47. Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2018; 20: 97-170.
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49. El-Khalili N. Update on extended release quetiapine fumarate in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012; 8: 523-36.
50. Chou YH, Chiu NM, Yang TT et al. An early improvement in depressive symptoms predicts symptomatic remission of schizophrenia treated with quetiapine: A multicenter, 4-week case-control study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013; 28: 255-60.
51. Larmo I, Nayer A, Windhager E et al. Efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia who switched from haloperidol, olanzapine or risperidone. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2005; 20: 573-81.
52. Harvey PD, Siu CO, Loebe AD. Insight and treatment outcomes in schizophrenia: Post-hoc analysis of a long-term, double-blind study comparing lurasidone and quetiapine XR. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2017; 14: 23-9.
53. Harvey PD, Siu CO, Hsu J et al. Effect of lurasidone on neurocognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia: A short-term placebo- and active-controlled study followed by a 6-month double-blind extension. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013; 23: 1373-82.
54. Hutton P, Taylor PJ, Mulligan L et al. Quetiapine immediate release v. placebo for schizophrenia: Systematic review, meta-analysis and reappraisal. Br J Psychiatry. 2015; 206: 360-70.
55. Leucht S, Corves C, Arbter D et al. Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta- analysis. Lancet. 2009; 373: 31-41.
56. Lee KU, Jeon YW, Lee HK et al. Efficacy and safety of quetiapine for depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 55: 391-3.
57. Kasper S. Quetiapine is effective against anxiety and depressive symptoms in long-term treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Depress Anxiety. 2004; 20: 44-7.
58. Kivircik Akdede BB, Alptekin K, Kitiş A et al. Effects of quetiapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 29: 233-8.
59. Hasan A, Falkai P, Wobrock T et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia Part 3: Update 2015 Management of special circumstances: Depression, Suicidality, substance use disorders and pregnancy and lactation. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015; 16: 142-70.
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2. Siwek M, Krupa A. Atypowe leki przeciwpsychotyczne w formie iniekcji o przedłużonym uwalnianiu (LAI). Nowe leki przeciwpsychotyczne. Medical Education, Warszawa 2020: 263-99.
3. Patel KR, Cherian J, Gohil K et al. Schizophrenia: Overview and treatment options. PT. 2014; 39: 638-45.
4. Najafi-Vosough R, Ghaleiha A, Faradmal J et al. Recurrence in patients with bipolar disorder and its risk factors. Iran J Psychiatry. 2016; 11: 173-7.
5. Weiden PJ, Kozma C, Grogg A et al. Partial compliance and risk of rehospitalization among California medicaid patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatr Serv. 2004; 55: 886-91.
6. Takeuchi H, Siu C, Remington G et al. Does relapse contribute to treatment resistance? Antipsychotic response in firstvs. second-episode schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacol. 2018; 44: 1036-42.
7. Solmi M, Murru A, Pacchiarotti I et al. Safety, tolerability, and risks associated with first-and second-generation antipsychotics: A state-of-the-art clinical review. Ther Clin Risk Manag. 2017; 13: 757-77.
8. Mamo D, Graff A, Mizrahi R et al. Differential effects of aripiprazole on D2, 5-HT2, and 5-HT1A receptor occupancy in patients with schizophrenia: A triple tracer PET study. Am J Psychiatry. 2007; 164: 1411-7.
9. Tuplin EW, Holahan MR. Aripiprazole, A Drug that Displays Partial Agonism and Functional Selectivity. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2017; 15: 1192-1207.
10. Citrome L. The ABC’s of dopamine receptor partial agonists – Aripiprazole, brexpiprazole and cariprazine: The 15-min challenge to sort these agents out. Int J Clin Pract. 2015; 69: 1211-20.
11. Leucht S, Leucht C, Huhn M et al. Sixty years of placebo-controlled antipsychotic drug trials in acute schizophrenia: Systematic review, Bayesian meta-analysis, and meta-regression of efficacy predictors. Am J Psychiatry. 2017; 174: 927-42.
12. Ribeiro ELA, de Mendonça Lima T, Vieira MEB et al. Efficacy and safety of aripiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia: an overview of systematic reviews. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2018; 74: 1215-33.
13. Huhn M, Nikolakopoulou A, Schneider-Thoma J et al. Comparative efficacy and tolerability of 32 oral antipsychotics for the acute treatment of adults with multi-episode schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet. 2019; 394: 939-51.
14. Shin S, Kim S, Seo S et al. The relationship between dopaminę receptor blockade and cognitive performance in schizophrenia: A [11C]-raclopride PET study with aripiprazole. Transl Psychiatry. 2018; 8(1): 87.
15. Kim SW, Shin IS, Kim JM et al. Effectiveness of switching to aripiprazole from atypical antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2009; 32: 243-9.
16. Stern RG, Petti TA, Bopp K et al. Aripiprazole for the treatment of schizophrenia with co-occurring social anxiety: An open-label cross-taper study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009; 29: 206-9.
17. Glick ID, Poyurovsky M, Ivanova O et al. Aripiprazole in Schizophrenia Patients With Comorbid Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: An Open-Label Study of 15 Patients. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008; 69: 1856-59.
18. Marder SR, West B, Lau GS et al. Aripiprazole effects in patients with acute schizophrenia experiencing higher or lower agitation: a post hoc analysis of 4 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007; 68: 662-8.
19. Galling B, Roldán A, Hagi K et al. Antipsychotic augmentation vs. monotherapy in schizophrenia: systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis. World Psychiatry. 2017; 16: 77-89.
20. Zheng W, Zheng YJ, Li XB et al. Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Aripiprazole in Schizophrenia: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016; 36: 628-36.
21. Zheng W, Cai DB, Yang XH et al. Adjunctive aripiprazole for antipsychotic-related hyperprolactinaemia in patients with first-episode schizophrenia: A meta-analysis. Gen Psychiatry. 2019; 32: 1-8.
22. Henderson DC, Fan X, Copeland PM et al. Aripiprazole added to overweight and obese olanzapine-treated schizophrenia patients. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009; 29: 165-9.
23. Siskind DJ, Lee M, Ravindran A et al. Augmentation strategies for clozapine refractory schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust NZ J Psychiatry. 2018; 52: 751-67.
24. Muneer A. The Treatment of Adult Bipolar Disorder with Aripiprazole: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2016; 8(4): e562.
25. Kanba S, Kawasaki H, Ishigooka J et al. A placebo-controlled, double-blind study of the efficacy and safety of aripiprazole for the treatment of acute manic or mixed episodes in Asian patients with bipolar i disorder (the AMAZE study). World J Biol. Psychiatry. 2014; 15: 113-21.
26. Keck PE, Orsulak PJ, Cutler AJ et al. Aripiprazole monotherapy in the treatment of acute bipolar I mania: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- and lithium-controlled study. J Affect Disord. 2009; 112: 36-49.
27. Vieta E, T’joen C, McQuade RD et al. Efficacy of adjunctive aripiprazole to either valproate or lithium in bipolar mania patients partially nonresponsive to valproate/lithium monotherapy: A placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2008; 165: 1316-25.
28. Young AH, Oren DA, Lowy A et al. Aripiprazole monotherapy in acute mania: 12-Week randomised placebo- and haloperidol-controlled study. Br J Psychiatry. 2009; 194: 40-8.
29. Vieta E, Bourin M, Sanchez R et al. Effectiveness of aripiprazole v. haloperidol in acute bipolar mania: Double-blind, randomised, comparative 12-week trial. Br J Psychiatry. 2005 187: 235-42.
30. Jeong HG, Lee MS, Ko YH et al. Combination treatment with aripiprazole and valproic acid for acute mania: An 8-week, single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012; 35: 97-102.
31. El-Mallakh RS, Marcus R, Baudelet C et al. A 40-week double-blind aripiprazole versus lithium follow-up of a 12-week acute phase study (total 52 weeks) in bipolar i disorder. J Affect Disord. 2012; 136: 258-66.
32. Marcus R, Khan A, Rollin L et al. Efficacy of aripiprazole adjunctive to lithium or valproate in the long-term treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder with an inadequate response to lithium or valproate monotherapy: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized study. Bipolar Disord. 2011; 13: 133-44.
33. Siwek M, Krupa A, Wasik A. Lurazydon – właściwości farmakodynamiczne i farmakokinetyczne, potencjał kliniczny i ryzyko interakcji. Farmakoter Psychiatr Neurol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
34. Levine SZ, Rabinowitz J, Ascher-Svanum H et al. H. Extent of attaining and maintaining symptom remission by antipsychotic medication in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia: Evidence from the CATIE study. Schizophr Res. 2011; 133: 42-6.
35. Haro JM, Suarez D, Novick D et al. Three-year antipsychotic effectiveness in the outpatient care of schizophrenia: Observational versus randomized studies results. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007; 17: 235-44.
36. Mehta ND, Won MJ, Babin SL et al. Differential benefits of olanzapine on executive function in schizophrenia patients: Preliminary findings. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2020; 35(1): e2718.
37. He H, Zhou Y, Yang M et al. Comparison of Olanzapine versus Other Second-Generation Antipsychotics in the Improvement of Insight and Medication Discontinuation Rate in Schizophrenia. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2018; 30: 178-87.
38. Gurpegui M, Álvarez E, Bousoño M et al. Effect of olanzapine or risperidone treatment on some cognitive functions in a one-year follow-up of schizophrenia outpatients with prominent negative symptoms. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2007; 17: 725-34.
39. Green AI, Lieberman JA, Hamer RM et al. Olanzapine and haloperidol in first episode psychosis: Two-year data. Schizophr Res. 2006; 86: 234-43.
40. Kahn RS, Fleischhacker WW, Boter H et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in first-episode schizophrenia and schizophreniform disorder: an open randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2008; 371: 1085-97.
41. McEvoy JP, Lieberman JA, Stroup TS et al. Effectiveness of clozapine versus olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in patients with chronic schizophrenia who did not respond to prior atypical antipsychotic treatment. Am J Psychiatry. 2006; 163: 600-10.
42. Samara MT, Dold M, Gianatsi M et al. Efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of antipsychotics in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: A network meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry. 2016; 73: 199-210.
43. Pathak S, Jiang Y, DiPetrillo L et al. Course of psychosis in schizophrenia with alcohol use disorder: A post hoc analysis of the clinical antipsychotic trials of intervention effectiveness in schizophrenia phase 1 study. J Clin Psychiatry. 2020; 81(2): 19m12731.
44. Samara MT, Goldberg Y, Levine SZ et al. Initial symptom severity of bipolar I disorder and the efficacy of olanzapine: a meta-analysis of individual participant data from five placebo-controlled studies. Lancet Psychiatry. 2017; 4: 859-67.
45. Tohen M, Kanba S, McIntyre RS et al. Efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy in the treatment of bipolar depression with mixed features. J Affect Disord. 2014; 164: 57-62.
46. Wang M, Tong JH, Huang DS et al. Efficacy of olanzapine monotherapy for treatment of bipolar i depression: A randomized, double- blind, placebo controlled study. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2014; 231: 2811-8.
47. Yatham LN, Kennedy SH, Parikh SV et al. Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2018; 20: 97-170.
48. Tohen M, Sniadecki J, Hayes VS et al. Number needed to treat or harm analyses of olanzapine for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009; 29: 520-8.
49. El-Khalili N. Update on extended release quetiapine fumarate in schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2012; 8: 523-36.
50. Chou YH, Chiu NM, Yang TT et al. An early improvement in depressive symptoms predicts symptomatic remission of schizophrenia treated with quetiapine: A multicenter, 4-week case-control study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2013; 28: 255-60.
51. Larmo I, Nayer A, Windhager E et al. Efficacy and tolerability of quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia who switched from haloperidol, olanzapine or risperidone. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2005; 20: 573-81.
52. Harvey PD, Siu CO, Loebe AD. Insight and treatment outcomes in schizophrenia: Post-hoc analysis of a long-term, double-blind study comparing lurasidone and quetiapine XR. Innov Clin Neurosci. 2017; 14: 23-9.
53. Harvey PD, Siu CO, Hsu J et al. Effect of lurasidone on neurocognitive performance in patients with schizophrenia: A short-term placebo- and active-controlled study followed by a 6-month double-blind extension. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2013; 23: 1373-82.
54. Hutton P, Taylor PJ, Mulligan L et al. Quetiapine immediate release v. placebo for schizophrenia: Systematic review, meta-analysis and reappraisal. Br J Psychiatry. 2015; 206: 360-70.
55. Leucht S, Corves C, Arbter D et al. Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta- analysis. Lancet. 2009; 373: 31-41.
56. Lee KU, Jeon YW, Lee HK et al. Efficacy and safety of quetiapine for depressive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. J Clin Psychiatry. 2003; 55: 391-3.
57. Kasper S. Quetiapine is effective against anxiety and depressive symptoms in long-term treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Depress Anxiety. 2004; 20: 44-7.
58. Kivircik Akdede BB, Alptekin K, Kitiş A et al. Effects of quetiapine on cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry. 2005; 29: 233-8.
59. Hasan A, Falkai P, Wobrock T et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) Guidelines for Biological Treatment of Schizophrenia Part 3: Update 2015 Management of special circumstances: Depression, Suicidality, substance use disorders and pregnancy and lactation. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015; 16: 142-70.
60. Bui K , Earley W, Nyberg S. Pharmacokinetic profile of the extended-release formulation of quetiapine fumarate (quetiapine XR): Clinical implications Curr Med Res Opin, 2013; 29(7): 813-25. https://doi.org/10.1185/03007995.2013.794774.
61. Young AH, Calabrese JR, Gustafsson U et al. Quetiapine monotherapy in bipolar II depression: Combined data from four large, randomized studies. Int J Bipolar Disord. 2013; 1: 10.
62. Gustafsson U, Fajutrao L. Effect of quetiapine on functioning and quality of life in bipolar depression. Eur Psychiatry. 2011; 26: 1935.
63. Calabrese JR, Keck Jr PE, Macfadden W et al. A randomized, double- blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression. Am J Psychiatry. 2005; 162: 1351-60.
64. Ketter TA, Miller S, Dell’Osso B et al. Treatment of bipolar disorder: Review of evidence regarding quetiapine and lithium. J Affect Disord. 2016; 191: 256-73.
65. Bazire S. Psychotropic Drug Directory. Lloyd-Reinhold Publications, London 2018.
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