Dlaczego zdrowie zaczyna się od jelit? Znaczenie mikrobioty oraz zastosowanie probiotyków w kontekście utrzymania zdrowia psychicznego i leczenia wspomagającego zaburzeń psychicznych. Część II Artykuł przeglądowy
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Opublikowane:
cze 30, 2025
Słowa kluczowe:
mikrobiota, probiotyki, psychobiotyki, depresja
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Abstrakt
W ostatnich dekadach wzrosło zainteresowanie wpływem mikrobioty jelitowej na zdrowie psychiczne i fizyczne człowieka. Zrozumienie roli mikrobioty, w tym interakcji między układem pokarmowym a centralnym układem nerwowym, nabiera szczególnego znaczenia w kontekście chorób cywilizacyjnych – w tym zwiększającego się rozpowszechnienia zaburzeń psychicznych. Wyniki badań naukowych wskazują, że skład mikrobioty jelitowej może istotnie różnić się między osobami zdrowymi a cierpiącymi na zaburzenia depresyjne czy lękowe. Fakt ten stanowi podstawę badań nad wykorzystaniem probiotyków i psychobiotyków jako potencjalnego wsparcia standardowej farmakoterapii. Artykuł niniejszy omawia znaczenie mikrobioty nie tylko w aspekcie zdrowia fizycznego, ale również zdrowia psychicznego, wskazując na kluczowe mechanizmy działania osi mózgowo-jelitowej oraz omawiając możliwości zastosowania probiotyków w leczeniu depresji, schizofrenii oraz zaburzenia afektywnego dwubiegunowego.
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Jak cytować
Antosik-Wójcińska, A. Z., & Jankowska, A. (2025). Dlaczego zdrowie zaczyna się od jelit? Znaczenie mikrobioty oraz zastosowanie probiotyków w kontekście utrzymania zdrowia psychicznego i leczenia wspomagającego zaburzeń psychicznych. Część II. Medycyna Faktów , 18(2(67), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.24292/01.MF.0225.03
Numer
Dział
Artykuły
Copyright © by Medical Education. All rights reserved.
Bibliografia
1. Burokas A, Arboleya S, Moloney RD et al. Targeting the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis: Prebiotics Have Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects and Reverse the Impact of Chronic Stress in Mice. Biol Psychiatry. 2017; 82(7): 472-87.
2. Bravo JA, Forsythe P, Chew MV et al. Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2011; 108(38): 16050-55.
3. Desbonnet L, Garrett L, Clarke G et al. Effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis in the maternal separation model of depression. Neuroscience. 2010; 170(4): 1179-88.
4. Tillmann S, Abildgaard A, Winther G et al. Altered fecal microbiota composition in the Flinders sensitive line rat model of depression. Psychopharmacology. 2019; 236(5): 1445-57.
5. Aizawa E, Tsuji H, Asahara T et al. Possible association of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Dis. 2016; 202: 254-7.
6. Jiang H, Ling Z, Zhang Y et al. Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behavior and Immunity. 2015; 48: 186-94.
7. Kelly JR, Borre Y, O’ Brien C et al. Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. J Psych Res. 2016; 82: 109-18.
8. Valles-Colomer M, Falony G, Darzi Y et al. The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression. Nat Microbiol. 2019; 4(4): 623-32.
9. Liśkiewicz P, Pełka-Wysiecka J, Kaczmarczyk M et al. Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Patients Going through a Depressive Episode during Treatment in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting. J Clin Med. 2019; 8(2): 164.
10. Liśkiewicz P, Kaczmarczyk M, Misiak B et al. Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal integrity markers of inpatients with major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021; 106: 110076.
11. Huang R, Wang K, Hu J. Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2016; 8(8): 483.
12. Ng QX, Peters C, Ho CYX et al. A meta-analysis of the use of probiotics to alleviate depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2018; 228: 13-9.
13. Romijn AR, Rucklidge JJ, Kuijer RG et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum for the symptoms of depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2017; 51(8): 810-21.
14. Zheng P, Zeng B, Liu M et al. The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia- relevant behaviors in mice. Sci Adv. 2019; 5(2): eaau8317.
15. He Y, Kosciolek T, Tang J et al. Gut microbiome and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis may support the membrane hypothesis. Eur Psychiatry. 2018; 53: 37-45.
16. Castro-Nallar E, Bendall ML, Perez-Losada M et al. Composition, taxonomy and functional diversity of the oropharynx microbiome in individuals with schizophrenia and controls. PeerJ. 2015; 3: e1140.
17. Pełka-Wysiecka J, Kaczmarczyk M, Bąba-Kubiś A et al. Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolic Potential in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Olanzapine: Results from a Six-Week Observational Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2019; 8(10): 1605.
18. Li S, Zhuo M, Huang X et al. Altered gut microbiota associated with symptom severity in schizophrenia. PeerJ. 2020; 8: e9574.
19. Tomasik J, Yolken RH, Bahn S et al. Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotic Supplementation in Schizophrenia Patients: A Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Trial. Biomark Insights. 2015; 10: 47-54.
20. Severance EG, Gressitt KL, Stallings CR et al. Probiotic normalization of Candida albicans in schizophrenia: A randomized, placebo-controlled, longitudinal pilot study. Brain Behav Immun. 2017; 62: 41-5.
21. Coello K, Hansen TH, Sorensen N et al. Gut microbiota composition in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Brain Behav Immun. 2019; 75: 112-18.
22. Dickerson F, Adamos M, Katsafanas E et al. Adjunctive probiotic microorganisms to prevent rehospitalization in patients with acute mania: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disorders. 2018; 20(7): 614-21.
23. Wichniak A, Dudek D, Heitzman J et al. Redukcja ryzyka metabolicznego u chorych na schizofrenię przyjmujących leki przeciwpsychotyczne – zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego. Psych Pol. 2019; 53(6): 1191-218.
24. Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Łoniewski I, Misera A et al. Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolism alterations: a systematic review of the role of the gut microbiome, Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018; 236(5): 1491-512.
25. Wu H, Tremaroli V, Backhed F. Linking Microbiota to Human Diseases: A Systems Biology Perspective. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 26(12): 758-70.
26. Lynch SV, Pedersen O. The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(24): 2369-79.
27. Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Biol Psych. 2013; 74(10): 720-6.
28. Breit S, Kupferberg A, Rogler G et al. Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders. Front Psych. 2018; 9: 44.
29. Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Łoniewski I, Marlicz W et al. Mikrobiota jelitowa jako potencjalna przyczyna zaburzeń funkcjonowania emocjonalnego człowieka. Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia. 2017; 69(2): 163-76.
30. Zareie M, Johnson-Henry K, Jury J et al. Probiotics prevent bacterial translocation and improve intestinal barrier function in rats following chronic psychological stress. Gut. 2006; 55(11): 1553-60.
31. Ait-Belgnaoui A, Colom A, Braniste V et al. Probiotic gut effect prevents the chronic psychological stress-induced brain activity abnormality in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014; 26(4): 510-20.
32. Callaghan BL, Cowan CSM, Richardson R. Treating Generational Stress: Effect of Paternal Stress on Development of Memory and Extinction in Offspring Is Reversed by Probiotic Treatment. Psychol Sci. 2016; 27(9): 1171-80.
33. Kazemi A, Noorbala AA, Azam K et al. Effect of probiotic and prebiotic vs placebo on psychological outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutrition. 2019; 38(2): 522-8.
34. Gawlik-Kotelnicka O, Margulska A, Płeska K et al. Metabolic Status Influences Probiotic Efficacy for Depression-PRO-DEMET Randomized Clinical Trial Results. Nutrients. 2024; 16(9): 1389.
35. Gawlik-Kotelnicka O. Rogalski J, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH et al. The Interplay Between Depression, Probiotics, Diet, Immunometabolic Health, the Gut, and the Liver-A Secondary Analysis of the Pro-Demet Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(23): 4024.
36. Gawlik-Kotelnicka O, Burzyński J, Rogalski J et al. Probiotics may be useful for drug-induced liver dysfunction in patients with depression – A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024; 63: 604-14.
37. Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, van Hemert S et al. A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood. Brain Behav Immun. 2015; 48: 258-64.
38. Chahwan B, Kwan S, Isik A et al. Gut feelings: A randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for depressive symptoms. J Affect Dis. 2019; 253: 317-26.
39. Rudzki L, Ostrowska L, Pawlak D et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v decreases kynurenine concentration and improves cognitive functions in patients with major depression: A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019; 100: 213-22.
40. Marlicz W, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Krynicka P et al. Probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome – is the quest for the right strain over? Rapid review of existing guidelines and recommendations. Prz Gastroenterol. 2021; 16(4): 369-82.
2. Bravo JA, Forsythe P, Chew MV et al. Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. Proc Nat Acad Sci. 2011; 108(38): 16050-55.
3. Desbonnet L, Garrett L, Clarke G et al. Effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis in the maternal separation model of depression. Neuroscience. 2010; 170(4): 1179-88.
4. Tillmann S, Abildgaard A, Winther G et al. Altered fecal microbiota composition in the Flinders sensitive line rat model of depression. Psychopharmacology. 2019; 236(5): 1445-57.
5. Aizawa E, Tsuji H, Asahara T et al. Possible association of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Dis. 2016; 202: 254-7.
6. Jiang H, Ling Z, Zhang Y et al. Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behavior and Immunity. 2015; 48: 186-94.
7. Kelly JR, Borre Y, O’ Brien C et al. Transferring the blues: Depression-associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. J Psych Res. 2016; 82: 109-18.
8. Valles-Colomer M, Falony G, Darzi Y et al. The neuroactive potential of the human gut microbiota in quality of life and depression. Nat Microbiol. 2019; 4(4): 623-32.
9. Liśkiewicz P, Pełka-Wysiecka J, Kaczmarczyk M et al. Fecal Microbiota Analysis in Patients Going through a Depressive Episode during Treatment in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting. J Clin Med. 2019; 8(2): 164.
10. Liśkiewicz P, Kaczmarczyk M, Misiak B et al. Analysis of gut microbiota and intestinal integrity markers of inpatients with major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2021; 106: 110076.
11. Huang R, Wang K, Hu J. Effect of Probiotics on Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients. 2016; 8(8): 483.
12. Ng QX, Peters C, Ho CYX et al. A meta-analysis of the use of probiotics to alleviate depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord. 2018; 228: 13-9.
13. Romijn AR, Rucklidge JJ, Kuijer RG et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifidobacterium longum for the symptoms of depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2017; 51(8): 810-21.
14. Zheng P, Zeng B, Liu M et al. The gut microbiome from patients with schizophrenia modulates the glutamate-glutamine-GABA cycle and schizophrenia- relevant behaviors in mice. Sci Adv. 2019; 5(2): eaau8317.
15. He Y, Kosciolek T, Tang J et al. Gut microbiome and magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of subjects at ultra-high risk for psychosis may support the membrane hypothesis. Eur Psychiatry. 2018; 53: 37-45.
16. Castro-Nallar E, Bendall ML, Perez-Losada M et al. Composition, taxonomy and functional diversity of the oropharynx microbiome in individuals with schizophrenia and controls. PeerJ. 2015; 3: e1140.
17. Pełka-Wysiecka J, Kaczmarczyk M, Bąba-Kubiś A et al. Analysis of Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolic Potential in Patients with Schizophrenia Treated with Olanzapine: Results from a Six-Week Observational Prospective Cohort Study. J Clin Med. 2019; 8(10): 1605.
18. Li S, Zhuo M, Huang X et al. Altered gut microbiota associated with symptom severity in schizophrenia. PeerJ. 2020; 8: e9574.
19. Tomasik J, Yolken RH, Bahn S et al. Immunomodulatory Effects of Probiotic Supplementation in Schizophrenia Patients: A Randomized, Placebo- Controlled Trial. Biomark Insights. 2015; 10: 47-54.
20. Severance EG, Gressitt KL, Stallings CR et al. Probiotic normalization of Candida albicans in schizophrenia: A randomized, placebo-controlled, longitudinal pilot study. Brain Behav Immun. 2017; 62: 41-5.
21. Coello K, Hansen TH, Sorensen N et al. Gut microbiota composition in patients with newly diagnosed bipolar disorder and their unaffected first-degree relatives. Brain Behav Immun. 2019; 75: 112-18.
22. Dickerson F, Adamos M, Katsafanas E et al. Adjunctive probiotic microorganisms to prevent rehospitalization in patients with acute mania: A randomized controlled trial. Bipolar Disorders. 2018; 20(7): 614-21.
23. Wichniak A, Dudek D, Heitzman J et al. Redukcja ryzyka metabolicznego u chorych na schizofrenię przyjmujących leki przeciwpsychotyczne – zalecenia Polskiego Towarzystwa Psychiatrycznego. Psych Pol. 2019; 53(6): 1191-218.
24. Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Łoniewski I, Misera A et al. Second-generation antipsychotics and metabolism alterations: a systematic review of the role of the gut microbiome, Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2018; 236(5): 1491-512.
25. Wu H, Tremaroli V, Backhed F. Linking Microbiota to Human Diseases: A Systems Biology Perspective. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2015; 26(12): 758-70.
26. Lynch SV, Pedersen O. The Human Intestinal Microbiome in Health and Disease. N Engl J Med. 2016; 375(24): 2369-79.
27. Dinan TG, Stanton C, Cryan JF. Psychobiotics: a novel class of psychotropic. Biol Psych. 2013; 74(10): 720-6.
28. Breit S, Kupferberg A, Rogler G et al. Vagus Nerve as Modulator of the Brain–Gut Axis in Psychiatric and Inflammatory Disorders. Front Psych. 2018; 9: 44.
29. Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Łoniewski I, Marlicz W et al. Mikrobiota jelitowa jako potencjalna przyczyna zaburzeń funkcjonowania emocjonalnego człowieka. Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia. 2017; 69(2): 163-76.
30. Zareie M, Johnson-Henry K, Jury J et al. Probiotics prevent bacterial translocation and improve intestinal barrier function in rats following chronic psychological stress. Gut. 2006; 55(11): 1553-60.
31. Ait-Belgnaoui A, Colom A, Braniste V et al. Probiotic gut effect prevents the chronic psychological stress-induced brain activity abnormality in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014; 26(4): 510-20.
32. Callaghan BL, Cowan CSM, Richardson R. Treating Generational Stress: Effect of Paternal Stress on Development of Memory and Extinction in Offspring Is Reversed by Probiotic Treatment. Psychol Sci. 2016; 27(9): 1171-80.
33. Kazemi A, Noorbala AA, Azam K et al. Effect of probiotic and prebiotic vs placebo on psychological outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutrition. 2019; 38(2): 522-8.
34. Gawlik-Kotelnicka O, Margulska A, Płeska K et al. Metabolic Status Influences Probiotic Efficacy for Depression-PRO-DEMET Randomized Clinical Trial Results. Nutrients. 2024; 16(9): 1389.
35. Gawlik-Kotelnicka O. Rogalski J, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH et al. The Interplay Between Depression, Probiotics, Diet, Immunometabolic Health, the Gut, and the Liver-A Secondary Analysis of the Pro-Demet Randomized Clinical Trial. Nutrients. 2024; 16(23): 4024.
36. Gawlik-Kotelnicka O, Burzyński J, Rogalski J et al. Probiotics may be useful for drug-induced liver dysfunction in patients with depression – A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2024; 63: 604-14.
37. Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, van Hemert S et al. A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood. Brain Behav Immun. 2015; 48: 258-64.
38. Chahwan B, Kwan S, Isik A et al. Gut feelings: A randomised, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of probiotics for depressive symptoms. J Affect Dis. 2019; 253: 317-26.
39. Rudzki L, Ostrowska L, Pawlak D et al. Probiotic Lactobacillus Plantarum 299v decreases kynurenine concentration and improves cognitive functions in patients with major depression: A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019; 100: 213-22.
40. Marlicz W, Skonieczna-Żydecka K, Krynicka P et al. Probiotics in irritable bowel syndrome – is the quest for the right strain over? Rapid review of existing guidelines and recommendations. Prz Gastroenterol. 2021; 16(4): 369-82.