Nicergolina – lek z przeszłością i przyszłością Artykuł przeglądowy
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Abstrakt
Nicergolina, półsyntetyczny analog alkaloidów sporyszu, wprowadzona jako rozszerzający naczynia krwionośne antagonista receptora α1-adrenergicznego, została zsyntetyzowana i opisana w latach 70. ubiegłego wieku we Włoszech. Obecnie jest zarejestrowana w ponad 50 krajach świata i stosowana jako jeden z najpopularniejszych leków w zaburzeniach krążenia mózgowego i związanych z nimi ubytkach poznawczych i otępieniach. Nicergolina wpływa również na inne receptory neuroprzekaźników i poza działaniem ochronnym jest łagodnym środkiem pobudzającym i neuroprotekcyjnym, co łączy się z jej działaniem hamującym zapotrzebowanie na tlen oraz z uwalnianiem czynnika wzrostu nerwów (NGF, nerve growth factor). W różnych krajach zarejestrowana została jako lek w rozmaitych schorzeniach, takich jak: migrena, zaburzenia agregacji płytek krwi czy nadciśnienie tętnicze. Stosuje się ją również w leczeniu otępień, w zaburzeniach okulistycznych (zakrzepica siatkówki, uszkodzenia rogówki, retinopatia cukrzycowa i zwyrodnienie plamki żółtej), laryngologii (niedosłuch) i uszkodzeniach błędnika (zawroty głowy). Nicergolina to jeden z niewielu leków pobudzających tworzenie się neurotrofin, zwłaszcza NGF, co czyni z niej potencjalny lek w wielu schorzeniach neurodegeneracyjnych, których liczba zwiększa się wraz ze wzrostem długowieczności. Chociaż przez pewien czas pojawiały się tezy o jej niebezpiecznych działaniach ubocznych, takich jak powodowanie zwłóknień i wywoływanie ergotyzmu, metaanalizy dowiodły wysokiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa leku.
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