Facts and myths about antimicrobial resistance
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Abstract
One of the ways of adjusting bacteria to environment is development of antimicrobial resistance. Regardless to resistance mechanism, the phenomenon itself leads to reduction or total lack of efficacy of antibiotic used in prophylaxis or therapy. Emergence of resistance is, doubtless, connected with antibiotic consumption. Drug resistance is the most dangerous for hospital treatment, however outpatient antibiotic consumption also has influence on its emergence. Infections with drug resistant microorganisms lead to change in antimicrobial treatment, usually more than once, and prolonged hospital stay. All the above, concerning as well inpatient as outpatient, contribute to treatment prolongation and cost escalation. Infection with multidrug resistant species is the most dangerous. Colonization with multidrug resistant species in patients without symptoms of infection also remains a major aspect. Spread of pathogens between humans may lead to their expansion to extramural environment. Increase in antimicrobial resistance is not only polish domain. The phenomenon concerns both Europe and the whole world. In the last 5 years antibiotic consumption in EU increased fivefold, both in and out of hospital. Inappropriate use (without indications) or overuse (long treatment) of antibiotics is responsible for emergence of resistance.
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
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