Allergy in young children
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Published:
Nov 14, 2013
Keywords:
food allergy, atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, children
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Abstract
Young children suffer from asthma, food allergy, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis. Food allergy and atopic dermatitis usually are the first step in allergic march. The diagnosis of allergic diseases is often quite easy in older children, but in infants and young children may cause problems. The diagnosis must be based on clinic symptoms, good knowledge of the history of disease and good reaction to the applied therapy. The article presents the diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases in young children.
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How to Cite
Zawadzka-Krajewska , A. (2013). Allergy in young children. Alergoprofil, 9(4), 17-25. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/alergoprofil/article/view/777
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
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19. Roberts G., Patel N., Levi-Schaffer E. et al.: Food allergy as a risk factor for life – threatening asthma in childhood: a case-controlled study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2003, 112: 168-174.
20. Wasilewska J., Kaczmarski M., Bartuzi Z.: Rozpoznawanie nadwrażliwości pokarmowej. W: Bartuzi Z.: Alergia na pokarmy. Mediton 2008: 177-192.
21. Sampson H.A.: Food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2003, 111: s540-s547.
22. Sporik R., Hill D.J., Hosking C.S.: Specificity of allergen skin testing in predicting positive open food challenge to milk, egg and peanut in children. Clin. Exp. Allergy 2000, 30: 1541-1546.
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24. Akdis C.A., Akdis M., Bieber T. et al.: Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults. EAACI/AAAAI/ PRACTALL Consensus Report. Allergy 2006, 61: 969-987.
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27. Gliński W., Kruszewski J.: Atopowe zapalenie skóry u dzieci i dorosłych. Stanowisko Panelu Ekspertów Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergologicznego 2012.
28. Hanifin J.M., Rajka G.: Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm. Venerol. (Stockh.) 1980, suppl. 92: 44-47.
29. Wiliams H.C., Burney P.G., Hay R.J. et al.: The UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. I. Derivation of a minimum set of discriminators for atopic dermatitis. Br. J. Dermatol. 1994, 131: 383-396.
30. Sampson H.A.: The evaluation and management of food allergy in atopic dermatitis. Clin. Dermatol. 2003, 21: 183-192.
31. Niggemann B.: Role of oral food challenges in the diagnostic work-up of food allergy in atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome. Allergy 2004, 59(suppl. 78): 32-34.
32. Darsow V., Wallenberg A., Simon D.: ETFAD/EADV eczema task force 2009 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis. JEADV 2010, 24: 317-328.
33. Fiocchi A., Bouygue G.R., Martelli A. et al.: Dietary treatment in childhood atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome – AEDS. Allergy 2004, 59(suppl. 78): 78-85.
34. Høst A., Halken S., Muraro A.: Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 2008, 19: 1-4.
35. Sicherer S.H., Burks A.W.: Maternal and infant diets for prevention of allergic diseases: understanding menu changes in 2008. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2008, 121(1): 29-33.
36. Blair M.: Natural history of childhood asthma. 20-year follow-up. Arch. Dis. Child. 1977, 55: 613-619.
37. Zawadzka-Krajewska A.: Świszczący oddech. W: Choroby infekcyjne układu oddechowego u dzieci. Chmielewska-Szewczyk D. (red.). ViaMedica, Gdańsk 2001: 66-71.
38. Martinez F.D., Wright A.L., Taussing L.M. et al.: Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995, 332: 133-138.
39. GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Updated 2007. Online: www.ginasthma.org..
40. Stein R.T., Martinez F.D.: Asthma phenotypes in childhood: lessons from an epidemiological approach. Paediatr. Respir. Rev. 2004, 5: 155-161.
41. Pedersen S.E., Hurd S.S., Lemanske R.F. Jr et al.: Global strategy for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children 5 years and younger. Pediatr. Pulmonal. 2011, 46: 1-17.
42. GINA Report, Global strategy for Asthma Management and prevention updated December 2012. Online: www.ginasthma.org.
43. Papadopoulos N.G., Arakawa H., Carlsen K.H. et al.: International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma. Allergy 2012, 67: 976-997.
44. Gilbert T.W., Morgan W.J., Krawiec M. et al.: The prevention of early asthma in kids: design, rationale and methods for the childhood asthma research and education network. Control Clin. Trials 2004, 25: 286-310.
45.Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention in Children 5 years and younger. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update 2009. Online: www.ginasthma.org.
46. Bousquet J., Khaltaer N., Cruz A. et al.: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). Allergy 2008, 63(suppl. 86): 51-160.
47. Roberts G., Xatzipsalti M., Borrego L.M. et al.: Paediatric rhinitis: position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 2013, 68(9): 1102-1116.
48. Samoliński B., Arcimowicz M.: Polskie Standardy Leczenia Nieżytów Nosa (PoSLeNN). Alergologia Polska 2013, wydanie specjalne.
49. Buczyłko K.: Układ oddechowy (górny odcinek). W: Alergia i nietolerancja pokarmowa. Stanowisko Polskiej Grupy Ekspertów. Kaczmarski M. (red.). Jaworzno 1997: 45-46.
50. Chmielik M., Dębska M., Bielicka A. et al.: Zaburzenia drożności nosa u dzieci. W: Problemy laryngologiczne w codziennej praktyce. Krzeski A. (red.). Servier 2003, 35: 2-10.
51. Chmielik M.: Wady rozwojowe nosa i zatok przynosowych. W: Otolaryngologia dziecięca. Gryczyńska D. (red.). α-medica Press, 2007: 224-232.
52. Brozek J.L., Bousquet J., Baene-Cagnani C.E. et al.: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 revision. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010, 126: 466-476.
2. Sampson H.A.: Update on food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2004, 113: 805-819.
3. Nowak-Węgrzyn A., Sampson H.A.: Alergia na pokarmy – postępy minionej dekady: styczeń 1998-styczeń 2008. Med. Prakt. Pediatr. 2008, 6: 15-23.
4. Fiocchi A., Brozek J., Schunemenn H. et al.: World Allergy Organisation (WAO) Diagnosis and Rationale for Action against Cow’s Milk Allergy (DRACMA) Guidelines. Pediatric Allergy Immunol. 2010, 21(suppl. 21): 1-125.
5. Bartuzi Z.: Fizjopatologia układu trawiennego. W: Bartuzi Z.: Alergia na pokarmy. Meditron 2008: 35-49.
6. Kaczmarski M., Wasilewska J., Jarocka-Cysta E. et al.: Polskie stanowisko w sprawie alergii pokarmowej u dzieci i młodzieży. Postępy Dermatologii i Alergologii 2011, 28(suppl. 2): s75-s115.
7. Sicherer S.H.: Food allergy. Lancet 2002, 360: 701-710.
8. Chapman J.A., Bernstein I.L., Lee R.E. et al.: Food allergy: a practice parameter. Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006, 96: s1-s68.
9. Sampson H.A.: Food allergy. Part 2. Diagnosis and management. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1999, 103: 981-989.
10. Sicherer S.H.: Clinical implication of cross-reactive food allergens. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2001, 108: 881-890.
11. Høst A., Husby S., Osterballe P.: A prospective study of cow’s milk allergy in exclusively breast-feed infants. Acta Pediatr. Scand. 1988, 77: 663-670.
12. Høst A.: Frequency of cow’s milk allergy in childhood. Ann. Allergy Immunol. 2002, 89(suppl. 1): 33-37.
13. Vandenplas Y., Brueton M., Dupont C. et al.: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of cow’s milk protein allergy in infants. Arch. Dis. Child. 2007, 92: 902-908.
14. Kelly K.J.: Eosinophilic gastroenteritis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2000, 30(suppl.): s28-s35.
15. Lake A.M.: Food-induced eosinophilic proctocolitis. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2000, 30(suppl.): s58-s60.
16. Nowak-Węgrzyn A., Sampson H.A.,Wood R.A. et al.: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome caused by selid food proteins. Pediatrics 2003, 111: 829-835.
17. Nicolas M.E., Krause P.K., Gipson L.E. et al.: Dermatitis herpetiformis. Int. J. Dermatol. 2003, 42: 588-600.
18. Greaves M.W.: Chronic urticaria. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2000, 105: 664-672.
19. Roberts G., Patel N., Levi-Schaffer E. et al.: Food allergy as a risk factor for life – threatening asthma in childhood: a case-controlled study. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2003, 112: 168-174.
20. Wasilewska J., Kaczmarski M., Bartuzi Z.: Rozpoznawanie nadwrażliwości pokarmowej. W: Bartuzi Z.: Alergia na pokarmy. Mediton 2008: 177-192.
21. Sampson H.A.: Food allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2003, 111: s540-s547.
22. Sporik R., Hill D.J., Hosking C.S.: Specificity of allergen skin testing in predicting positive open food challenge to milk, egg and peanut in children. Clin. Exp. Allergy 2000, 30: 1541-1546.
23. Vandenplas Y.: Optimising the diagnosis and management of cow’s milk allergy within primary care. Eur. Pediatr. Rev. 2009, 3: 1-4.
24. Akdis C.A., Akdis M., Bieber T. et al.: Diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults. EAACI/AAAAI/ PRACTALL Consensus Report. Allergy 2006, 61: 969-987.
25. Pelkonen A., Kuitunen M., Dunder T. et al.: Allergy in children: practical recommendations of the Finnish Allergy Programme 2008-2018 for prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 2012, 23: 103-116.
26. Salomon J., Szepietowski J.: Atopowe zapalenie skóry. W: Alergia, choroby alergiczne, astma. Tom II. Fal A. (red.). Kraków 2011: 301-313.
27. Gliński W., Kruszewski J.: Atopowe zapalenie skóry u dzieci i dorosłych. Stanowisko Panelu Ekspertów Polskiego Towarzystwa Alergologicznego 2012.
28. Hanifin J.M., Rajka G.: Diagnostic features of atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm. Venerol. (Stockh.) 1980, suppl. 92: 44-47.
29. Wiliams H.C., Burney P.G., Hay R.J. et al.: The UK Working Party’s Diagnostic Criteria for Atopic Dermatitis. I. Derivation of a minimum set of discriminators for atopic dermatitis. Br. J. Dermatol. 1994, 131: 383-396.
30. Sampson H.A.: The evaluation and management of food allergy in atopic dermatitis. Clin. Dermatol. 2003, 21: 183-192.
31. Niggemann B.: Role of oral food challenges in the diagnostic work-up of food allergy in atopic eczema dermatitis syndrome. Allergy 2004, 59(suppl. 78): 32-34.
32. Darsow V., Wallenberg A., Simon D.: ETFAD/EADV eczema task force 2009 position paper on diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis. JEADV 2010, 24: 317-328.
33. Fiocchi A., Bouygue G.R., Martelli A. et al.: Dietary treatment in childhood atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome – AEDS. Allergy 2004, 59(suppl. 78): 78-85.
34. Høst A., Halken S., Muraro A.: Dietary prevention of allergic diseases in infants and small children. Pediatr. Allergy Immunol. 2008, 19: 1-4.
35. Sicherer S.H., Burks A.W.: Maternal and infant diets for prevention of allergic diseases: understanding menu changes in 2008. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2008, 121(1): 29-33.
36. Blair M.: Natural history of childhood asthma. 20-year follow-up. Arch. Dis. Child. 1977, 55: 613-619.
37. Zawadzka-Krajewska A.: Świszczący oddech. W: Choroby infekcyjne układu oddechowego u dzieci. Chmielewska-Szewczyk D. (red.). ViaMedica, Gdańsk 2001: 66-71.
38. Martinez F.D., Wright A.L., Taussing L.M. et al.: Asthma and wheezing in the first six years of life. N. Engl. J. Med. 1995, 332: 133-138.
39. GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Updated 2007. Online: www.ginasthma.org..
40. Stein R.T., Martinez F.D.: Asthma phenotypes in childhood: lessons from an epidemiological approach. Paediatr. Respir. Rev. 2004, 5: 155-161.
41. Pedersen S.E., Hurd S.S., Lemanske R.F. Jr et al.: Global strategy for the diagnosis and management of asthma in children 5 years and younger. Pediatr. Pulmonal. 2011, 46: 1-17.
42. GINA Report, Global strategy for Asthma Management and prevention updated December 2012. Online: www.ginasthma.org.
43. Papadopoulos N.G., Arakawa H., Carlsen K.H. et al.: International consensus on (ICON) pediatric asthma. Allergy 2012, 67: 976-997.
44. Gilbert T.W., Morgan W.J., Krawiec M. et al.: The prevention of early asthma in kids: design, rationale and methods for the childhood asthma research and education network. Control Clin. Trials 2004, 25: 286-310.
45.Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention in Children 5 years and younger. Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) update 2009. Online: www.ginasthma.org.
46. Bousquet J., Khaltaer N., Cruz A. et al.: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). Allergy 2008, 63(suppl. 86): 51-160.
47. Roberts G., Xatzipsalti M., Borrego L.M. et al.: Paediatric rhinitis: position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 2013, 68(9): 1102-1116.
48. Samoliński B., Arcimowicz M.: Polskie Standardy Leczenia Nieżytów Nosa (PoSLeNN). Alergologia Polska 2013, wydanie specjalne.
49. Buczyłko K.: Układ oddechowy (górny odcinek). W: Alergia i nietolerancja pokarmowa. Stanowisko Polskiej Grupy Ekspertów. Kaczmarski M. (red.). Jaworzno 1997: 45-46.
50. Chmielik M., Dębska M., Bielicka A. et al.: Zaburzenia drożności nosa u dzieci. W: Problemy laryngologiczne w codziennej praktyce. Krzeski A. (red.). Servier 2003, 35: 2-10.
51. Chmielik M.: Wady rozwojowe nosa i zatok przynosowych. W: Otolaryngologia dziecięca. Gryczyńska D. (red.). α-medica Press, 2007: 224-232.
52. Brozek J.L., Bousquet J., Baene-Cagnani C.E. et al.: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 revision. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2010, 126: 466-476.