Ganoderma genius as a source of potential mould’s allergens
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Published:
Mar 31, 2008
Keywords:
aeroallergens, Ganoderma, spores, mould
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Abstract
Ganoderma basidiospores (a member of the class Basidiomycotina), commonly known as bracket fungus or wood decay fungus, have been noted as an important and prevalent group of fungal airspora worldwide. The spores have an orange inner wall and spines that penetrate a colorless outer wall. Its spores range in size from 6,5–13×5–9 micrometers (microns). It has subsequently been reported as having allergenic properties and has been implicated in the elicitation of respiratory allergic diseases.
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How to Cite
Grinn-Gofroń , A. (2008). Ganoderma genius as a source of potential mould’s allergens. Alergoprofil, 4(1), 40-43. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/alergoprofil/article/view/49
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
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12. Herxheimer H., Hyde H.A., Williams D.A.: Allergic asthma caused by basidiospores. Lancet 1969, 11: 131-133.
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14. Ibáńez Henríquez V., Rojas Villegas G., Roure Nolla J.M.: Airborne fungi monitoring in Santiago, Chile. Aerobiologia 2001, 17: 137-142.
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16. Lehrer S.B., Horner W.E.: Allergic reactions to basidiospores: Identification of allergens. Aerobiologia 1990, 6: 181-186.
17. Lehrer S.B., Lopez M., Butcher B.T., Olsen J., Reed M., Salvaggio J.E.: Basidiomycete mycelia and spore allergen extracts: skin reactivity in adults with symptoms of respiratory allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1986, 78: 478-485.
18. Lehrer S.B., Hughes J.M., Altman L.C., Bousquet J., Davies R.J., Gell L., Li J., Lopez M., Malling H.J., Mathison D.A., Sastre J., Schultze-Werninghaus G., Schwartz H.J.: Prevalence of basidiomycete allergy in the USA and Europe and its relationship to allergic respiratory symptoms. Allergy 1994, 49: 460-465.
19. Levetin E.: Studies on airborne basidiospores. Aerobiologia 1990, 6: 177-180.
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21. Li D. W., Kendrick B.: Functional relationships between airborne fungal spores and environmental factors in KitchenerWaterloo, Ontario, as detected by Canonical correspondence analysis. Grana 1994, 33: 166-176.
22. Li D. W., Kendrick B.: A year-round outdoor aeromycological study in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Grana 1995, 34: 199-207.
23. Lopez M., Salvaggio J.E., Butcher B.T.: Allergenicity and immunogenicity of basidiomycetes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1976, 57: 480-488.
24. Mitakakis T. Z., Guest D.I.: A fungal spore calendar for the atmosphere of Melbourne, Australia, for the year 1993. Aerobiologia 2001, 17: 171-176.
25. O’Neil C.E., Horner W.E., Reed M.A., Lopez M., Lehrer S.B.: Evaluation of basidiomycete and deuteromycete (fungi imperfecti) extracts for shared allergenic determinants. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 1990, 20: 533-538.
26. Padmanabhan S.J., Themath S.N.: Airborne fungal spores in sawmill environment in Palakkad District, Kerala, India. Aerobiologia 2004, 20:75-81.
27. Santilli J., Rockwell W.J., Collins R.P.: The significance of basidiomycetes (mushrooms and their allies) in bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy 1985, 55: 469-471.
28. Singh A.B., Gupta S.K., Pereira B.M., Prakash D.: Sensitization to Ganoderma lucidum in patients with respiratory allergy in India. Clin. Exp. Allergy 1994, 25: 440-447.
29. Sprenger J.D., Altman L.C., O’Neil C.E., Lehrer S.B., Ayars G.H.: Skin test reactivity to basidiospores in adults in Seattle with respiratory allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1986, 77: 200.
30. Stępalska D., Wołek J.: Variation in fungal spore concentrations of selected taxa associated to weather conditions in Cracow, Poland, in 1997. Aerobiologia 2005, 21: 43-52.
31. Tarlo S.M. Bell B., Srinivasan J., Dolovich J., Hargreave F.E.: Human sensitization to Ganoderma antigen. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1979, 64: 43-49.
32. Vijay H.M., Comtois P., Sharma R., Lemieux R.: Allergenic components of Ganoderma applanatum. Grana 1991, 30: 167-170.
2. Chakrabotry P., Gupta-Bhattacharya S., Chanda S.: Aeromycoflora of an agricultural farm in West Bengal, India: A fiveyear study (1994–1999). Grana 2003, 42: 248-254.
3. Cruz A., Saenz de Santamaría M.,Martínez J., Martínez A., Guiasantez J., Palacios R.: Fungal allergens from important allergenic fungi imperfecti. Allergol. et Immunopathol. 1997, 25(3): 153-158.
4. Cutten A.E.C., Hasnain S.M., Bai T.R., Mckay E.J.: The basiomycete Ganoderma and asthma. Collection, quantitation and immunogenicity of the spores. N. Zeal. Med. J. 1988, 101: 361-363.
5. Gregory P.H., Hirst J.M.: Possible role of basidiospores as airborne allergens. Nature 1952, 170: 414.
6. Grinn-Gofroń A.: Analiza zmian stężenia zarodników grzybów alergogennych w powietrzu w Szczecinie. W: Człowiek i środowisko przyrodnicze Pomorza Zachodniego. Środowisko biotyczne-biologia środowiskowa, eksperymentalna i stosowana. Tarasiuk J., Kępczyński J. (red.). Szczecin 2006: 23-235.
7. Halawagy M.H.: Fungal air spora of Kuwait city, Kuwait. Grana 1994, 33: 340-345.
8. Hasnain S.M.: Influence of meteorological factors on the air spora. Grana 1993, 184-188.
9. Hasnain S.M., Newhook F.J., Wilson J.D., Corbin J.B.: First report of Ganoderma allergenicity in Auckland, New Zealand. N. Zeal. J. Sci. 1984, 27: 261-267.
10. Hasnain S.M., Wilson J.D., Newhook F.J.: Allergy to basidiospores: Immunologic studies. N. Zeal. Med. J. 1985, 98: 393-396.
11. Hasnain S.M., Al-Frayh A., Khatija F., Al-Sedary S.: Airborne Ganoderma basisdiomycetes in a country with desert environment. Grana 2004, 43: 111-115.
12. Herxheimer H., Hyde H.A., Williams D.A.: Allergic asthma caused by basidiospores. Lancet 1969, 11: 131-133.
13. Horner W., Helbling A., Salvaggio J., Lehrer S.: Fungal allergens. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1995, 8(2): 161-179.
14. Ibáńez Henríquez V., Rojas Villegas G., Roure Nolla J.M.: Airborne fungi monitoring in Santiago, Chile. Aerobiologia 2001, 17: 137-142.
15. Lacey J.: Aerobiology and health, the role of airborne fungal spores in respiratory diseases. W: Frontiers in Mycology. Hawksworth D.L. (red.). CBA, Wallingford 1990: 131-156.
16. Lehrer S.B., Horner W.E.: Allergic reactions to basidiospores: Identification of allergens. Aerobiologia 1990, 6: 181-186.
17. Lehrer S.B., Lopez M., Butcher B.T., Olsen J., Reed M., Salvaggio J.E.: Basidiomycete mycelia and spore allergen extracts: skin reactivity in adults with symptoms of respiratory allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1986, 78: 478-485.
18. Lehrer S.B., Hughes J.M., Altman L.C., Bousquet J., Davies R.J., Gell L., Li J., Lopez M., Malling H.J., Mathison D.A., Sastre J., Schultze-Werninghaus G., Schwartz H.J.: Prevalence of basidiomycete allergy in the USA and Europe and its relationship to allergic respiratory symptoms. Allergy 1994, 49: 460-465.
19. Levetin E.: Studies on airborne basidiospores. Aerobiologia 1990, 6: 177-180.
20. Levetin E.: Identification and concentration of airborne basidiospores. Grana 1991, 30: 123-128.
21. Li D. W., Kendrick B.: Functional relationships between airborne fungal spores and environmental factors in KitchenerWaterloo, Ontario, as detected by Canonical correspondence analysis. Grana 1994, 33: 166-176.
22. Li D. W., Kendrick B.: A year-round outdoor aeromycological study in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. Grana 1995, 34: 199-207.
23. Lopez M., Salvaggio J.E., Butcher B.T.: Allergenicity and immunogenicity of basidiomycetes. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1976, 57: 480-488.
24. Mitakakis T. Z., Guest D.I.: A fungal spore calendar for the atmosphere of Melbourne, Australia, for the year 1993. Aerobiologia 2001, 17: 171-176.
25. O’Neil C.E., Horner W.E., Reed M.A., Lopez M., Lehrer S.B.: Evaluation of basidiomycete and deuteromycete (fungi imperfecti) extracts for shared allergenic determinants. Clin. Exp. Allergy. 1990, 20: 533-538.
26. Padmanabhan S.J., Themath S.N.: Airborne fungal spores in sawmill environment in Palakkad District, Kerala, India. Aerobiologia 2004, 20:75-81.
27. Santilli J., Rockwell W.J., Collins R.P.: The significance of basidiomycetes (mushrooms and their allies) in bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis. Ann. Allergy 1985, 55: 469-471.
28. Singh A.B., Gupta S.K., Pereira B.M., Prakash D.: Sensitization to Ganoderma lucidum in patients with respiratory allergy in India. Clin. Exp. Allergy 1994, 25: 440-447.
29. Sprenger J.D., Altman L.C., O’Neil C.E., Lehrer S.B., Ayars G.H.: Skin test reactivity to basidiospores in adults in Seattle with respiratory allergy. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1986, 77: 200.
30. Stępalska D., Wołek J.: Variation in fungal spore concentrations of selected taxa associated to weather conditions in Cracow, Poland, in 1997. Aerobiologia 2005, 21: 43-52.
31. Tarlo S.M. Bell B., Srinivasan J., Dolovich J., Hargreave F.E.: Human sensitization to Ganoderma antigen. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1979, 64: 43-49.
32. Vijay H.M., Comtois P., Sharma R., Lemieux R.: Allergenic components of Ganoderma applanatum. Grana 1991, 30: 167-170.