Allergological and laryngological diagnostics in gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults
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Abstract
Introduction. The number of patients reporting allergy, bronchial asthma and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) increases gradually. Symptoms of the gastroesophageal reflux disease might be immensely difficult to differentiate from those of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE). Revising an allergic hypothesis of the cause of GERD (or the cause of EE) can indicate new algorithms for diagnostics and treatment.
Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence frequency of food and airborne allergy in adult GERD patients, as well as evaluate retroesophageal symptoms of GERD from an otolaryngological view.
Materials and methods. The study covered 40 patients with GERD that had been diagnosed by gastrologists. Methodology included an allergological, gastrological and laryngological interview. In a subjective examination anterior rhinoscopy and indirect laryngoscopy were conducted, as well as the oral cavity and the pharynx were examined. In an allergological examination the IgE-related causes were evaluated by means of skin prick tests of Allergopharma Co.
Results. The skin prick tests with an inhalant were positive in 26/40 patients with GERD (65%) whereas the negative results could be noticed in 14/40 patients (35%). Among 26 patients with positive skin prick test results, 15 patients revealed bronchial asthma (57.6%). Among the patients with negative skin prick tests no asthma symptoms were observed. Positive results of skin prick tests with a food allergen were achieved in 12/40 patients, including 7 asthma patients and 5 patients with no asthma symptoms. The major part of the patients with GERD were allergic to hazelnut, celery, carrot and apple.
Conclusions. In 65% of adult patients with GERD positive skin prick tests with inhalants have been observed. The skin prick tests showed that 30% of the adult patients with GERD were allergic to food allergens. The conducted tests proved a possible role of an allergic inflammation in GERD adult patients, regardless of asthma occurrence.
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
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