Awareness about colorectal cancer among young adults in Poland Original article
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Published:
Jul 11, 2024
Keywords:
oncology, colorectal cancer, survey, prevention
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Abstract
Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and awareness level concerning colorectal cancer epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, and prevention among young people in Poland.
Methods: The knowledge was examined with an anonymous survey between February and March 2021. The data were collected anonymously, and the participation was voluntary. Statistical analysis was performed, and differences were considered significant if the p-value obtained was smaller than the assumed level of significance p ≤0.05.
Results: Respondents were mostly female, living in a city with a population of over 500,000. The results confirmed that education, family/friends’ history of CRC, and a place of residence differentiate knowledge and awareness about CRC.
Conclusion: The study acquired information that might guide educators about knowledge deficits among young people in Poland. The survey results revealed a significant knowledge gap between rural and urban inhabitants as well as between medical and non-medical groups.
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1.
Fudalej M, Pikul J, Mormul A, Deptała A, Badowska-Kozakiewicz A. Awareness about colorectal cancer among young adults in Poland. OncoReview [Internet]. 2024Jul.11 [cited 2024Nov.21];14(2(54):38-6. Available from: https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/OncoReview/article/view/3113
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PERSONALIZED ONCOLOGY
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
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22. Rocke KD. Colorectal Cancer Knowledge and Awareness Among University Students in a Caribbean Territory: a Cross-sectional Study. J Cancer Educ. 2020; 35(3): 571-8.
23. Hussain I, Majeed A, Rasool MF et al. Knowledge, attitude, preventive practices and perceived barriers to screening about colorectal cancer among university students of newly merged district, Kpk, Pakistan – A cross-sectional study. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2021; 27(2): 359-67.
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29. Noar SM, Willoughby JF, Myrick JG et al. Public figure announcements about cancer and opportunities for cancer communication: a review and research agenda. Health Commun. 2014; 29(5): 445-61.
30. Ayers JW, Althouse BM, Noar SM et al. Do celebrity cancer diagnoses promote primary cancer prevention? Prev Med. 2014; 58: 81-4.
31. Wang Y, McKee M, Torbica A et al. Systematic Literature Review on the Spread of Health-related Misinformation on Social Media. Soc Sci Med. 2019; 240: 112552.
32. Boehler M, Advani V, Schwind CJ et al. Knowledge and attitudes regarding colorectal cancer screening among medical students: a tale of two schools. J Cancer Educ. 2011; 26(1): 147-52.
33. Pietrzyk Ł, Torres A, Denisow-Pietrzyk M et al. What Do We Know About Education in Colorectal Cancer Prevention?-Survey Among 1130 Medical Students. J Cancer Educ. 2017; 32(2): 406-12.
34. Ustundag H, Zengin N, Andsoy II et al. Awareness of health sciences students about colorectal cancer risk factors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2019; 28(3): e13016.
35. Hansen IO, Jess P. Possible better long-term survival in left versus right-sided colon cancer – a systematic review. Dan Med J. 2012; 59(6): A4444.
36. Missiaglia E, Jacobs B, D’Ario G et al. Distal and proximal colon cancers differ in terms of molecular, pathological, and clinical features. Ann Oncol. 2014; 25(10): 1995-2001.
37. Newcomb PA, Zheng Y, Chia VM et al. Estrogen plus progestin use, microsatellite instability, and the risk of colorectal cancer in women. Cancer Res. 2007; 67(15): 7534-9.
38. Kim SE, Paik HY, Yoon H et al. Sex- and gender-specific disparities in colorectal cancer risk. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21(17): 5167-75.
39. Odukoya O, Fayemi M. A Rural-Urban Comparison of Knowledge, Risk- Factors and Preventive Practices for Colorectal Cancer among Adults in Lagos State. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019; 20(4): 1063-71.
40. Su TT, Goh JY, Tan J et al. Level of colorectal cancer awareness: a cross sectional exploratory study among multi-ethnic rural population in Malaysia. BMC Cancer. 2013; 13: 376.
41. Sessa A, Abbate R, Di Giuseppe G et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices about colorectal cancer among adults in an area of Southern Italy. BMC Cancer. 2008; 8: 171.
42. Alyabsi M, Alhumaid A, Allah-Bakhsh H et al. Colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia as the proof-of-principle model for implementing strategies of predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine in healthcare. Epma J. 2020; 11(1): 119-31.
43. Bergin RJ, Emery J, Bollard RC et al. Rural-Urban Disparities in Time to Diagnosis and Treatment for Colorectal and Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018; 27(9): 1036-46.
44. Schlottmann F, Gaber C, Strassle PD et al. Health care disparities in colorectal and esophageal cancer. Am J Surg. 2020; 220(2): 415-20.
45. Enayatrad M, Yavari P, Etemad K et al. Association of Urbanization Levels and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Iran. Int J Cancer Manag. 2018; 11(8): e68476.
46. Wen D, Zou W, Wen X et al. Urban-rural disparity in colorectal cancer incidence and increasing trend in relation to socioeconomic development and urbanisation in China. J Int Med Res. 2018; 46(10): 4181-96.
47. Papanikolaou IS, Sioulas AD, Kalimeris S et al. Awareness and attitudes of Greek medical students on colorectal cancer screening. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2012; 4(11): 513-7.
48. Kulkarni V, Darshan BB, Unnikrishnan B et al. Colorectal Cancer: How Familiar Are Our Future Doctors with the Cancer of Tomorrow? Biomed Res Int. 2018; 2018: 7462101.
49. Aga SS, Khan MA, Alsulimani EF et al. Knowledge & Awareness regarding colorectal cancer among health and allied students of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021; 10(6): 2284-92.
50. Mhaidat NM, Al-Husein BA, Alzoubi KH et al. Knowledge and Awareness of Colorectal Cancer Early Warning Signs and Risk Factors among University Students in Jordan. J Cancer Educ. 2018; 33(2): 448-56.
51. Matkowski R, Szelachowska J, Szewczyk K et al. Improvements in undergraduate oncology education introduced at Polish medical universities between 2004 and 2010 under Poland’s “National Program for Combating Neoplastic Diseases”. J Cancer Educ. 2014; 29(3): 428-33.
52. Wilkerson L, Lee M, Hodgson CS. Evaluating curricular effects on medical students’ knowledge and self-perceived skills in cancer prevention. Acad Med. 2002; 77(10 Suppl): S51-3.
53. Geller AC, Prout MN, Miller DR et al. Evaluation of a cancer prevention and detection curriculum for medical students. Prev Med. 2002; 35(1): 78-86.
54. Dilly CK, Craven HJ, Molleston JP. Perspectives on Colon Cancer Screening-A Physician Panel Discussion for Preclinical Medical Students. MedEdPORTAL. 2020; 16: 11019.
2. Patel SG, Ahnen DJ. Colorectal Cancer in the Young. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2018; 20(4):15.
3. Campos FG. Colorectal cancer in young adults: A difficult challenge. World J Gastroenterol. 2017; 23(28): 5041-4.
4. Mauri G, Sartore-Bianchi A, Russo AG et al. Early-onset colorectal cancer in young individuals. Mol Oncol. 2019; 13(2): 109-31.
5. Siegel RL, Jakubowski CD, Fedewa SA et al. Colorectal Cancer in the Young: Epidemiology, Prevention, Management. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2020; 40: 1-14.
6. Keum N, Giovannucci E. Global burden of colorectal cancer: emerging trends, risk factors and prevention strategies. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2019; 16(12): 713-32.
7. Dekker E, Tanis PJ, Vleugels JLA et al. Colorectal cancer. Lancet. 2019; 394(10207): 1467-80.
8. Deptała A. Nowotwory dolnego odcinka przewodu pokarmowego (Cancers of lower digestive tract). In: Onkologia. Podręcznik dla studentów medycyny. Pomoc dydaktyczna dla lekarzy specjalizujących się w onkologii. Stec R, Deptała A (eds). AsteriaMed, Gdańsk 2021: 171-83.
9. Zaręba K, Cummings K, Dorf J et al. Assessment of selected parameters of the nutritional status of patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancers. Medical Studies/Studia Medyczne. 2022; 38(3): 199-204.
10. Rucinska M, Sroda R, Wilk O et al. Polish High School Students’ Knowledge about Cancer. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021; 18(9): 4765.
11. Althobaiti A, Jradi H. Knowledge, attitude, and perceived barriers regarding colorectal cancer screening practices and risk factors among medical students in Saudi Arabia. BMC Med Educ. 2019; 19(1): 421.
12. Young GP, Senore C, Mandel JS et al. Recommendations for a step-wise comparative approach to evaluating new screening tests for colorectal cancer. Cancer. 2016; 122(6): 826-39.
13. Zacharakis G, Almasoud A, Aldossari K. Colorectal cancer screening challenges in Saudi Arabia. A comprehensive review article. Archives of Medical Science - Civilization Diseases. 2022; 7(1): 24-32.
14. Honein-AbouHaidar GN, Kastner M, Vuong V et al. Systematic Review and Meta-study Synthesis of Qualitative Studies Evaluating Facilitators and Barriers to Participation in Colorectal Cancer Screening. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2016; 25(6): 907-17.
15. McLachlan SA, Clements A, Austoker J. Patients’ experiences and reported barriers to colonoscopy in the screening context – a systematic literature review. Patient Educ Couns. 2012; 86(2): 137-46.
16. Koczkodaj P, Kamiński M, Ciuba A et al. Cancer screening coverage in Poland – from bad to better to the worst during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Archives of Medical Science. 2021; 17(4): 1132-3.
17. Czaderny K. Increasing deaths from colorectal cancer in Poland – Insights for optimising colorectal cancer screening in society and space. Ann Agric Environ Med. 2019; 26(1): 125-32.
18. Berger V, Zhou Y. Kolmogorov–Smirnov Test: Overview. Wiley StatsRef Stat Ref Online 2014.
19. Becker LA. Effect Size 2000.
20. IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, 2017.
21. Hubbard JM, Grothey A. Adolescent and young adult colorectal cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2013; 11(10): 1219-25.
22. Rocke KD. Colorectal Cancer Knowledge and Awareness Among University Students in a Caribbean Territory: a Cross-sectional Study. J Cancer Educ. 2020; 35(3): 571-8.
23. Hussain I, Majeed A, Rasool MF et al. Knowledge, attitude, preventive practices and perceived barriers to screening about colorectal cancer among university students of newly merged district, Kpk, Pakistan – A cross-sectional study. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2021; 27(2): 359-67.
24. Hauer KE, Wilkerson L, Teherani A. The relationship between medical students’ knowledge, confidence, experience, and skills related to colorectal cancer screening. J Cancer Educ. 2008; 23(4): 209-13.
25. Imran M, Sayedalamin Z, Alsulami SS et al. Knowledge and Awareness of Colorectal Cancer among Undergraduate Students at King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a Survey-Based Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2016; 17(5): 2479-83.
26. Plackett R, Kaushal A, Kassianos AP et al. Use of Social Media to Promote Cancer Screening and Early Diagnosis: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(11): e21582.
27. Al-Naggar RA, Bobryshev YV . Knowledge of colorectal cancer screening among young Malaysians. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013; 14(3): 1969-74.
28. Ruco A, Dossa F, Tinmouth J et al. Social Media and mHealth Technology for Cancer Screening: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Med Internet Res. 2021; 23(7): e26759.
29. Noar SM, Willoughby JF, Myrick JG et al. Public figure announcements about cancer and opportunities for cancer communication: a review and research agenda. Health Commun. 2014; 29(5): 445-61.
30. Ayers JW, Althouse BM, Noar SM et al. Do celebrity cancer diagnoses promote primary cancer prevention? Prev Med. 2014; 58: 81-4.
31. Wang Y, McKee M, Torbica A et al. Systematic Literature Review on the Spread of Health-related Misinformation on Social Media. Soc Sci Med. 2019; 240: 112552.
32. Boehler M, Advani V, Schwind CJ et al. Knowledge and attitudes regarding colorectal cancer screening among medical students: a tale of two schools. J Cancer Educ. 2011; 26(1): 147-52.
33. Pietrzyk Ł, Torres A, Denisow-Pietrzyk M et al. What Do We Know About Education in Colorectal Cancer Prevention?-Survey Among 1130 Medical Students. J Cancer Educ. 2017; 32(2): 406-12.
34. Ustundag H, Zengin N, Andsoy II et al. Awareness of health sciences students about colorectal cancer risk factors. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2019; 28(3): e13016.
35. Hansen IO, Jess P. Possible better long-term survival in left versus right-sided colon cancer – a systematic review. Dan Med J. 2012; 59(6): A4444.
36. Missiaglia E, Jacobs B, D’Ario G et al. Distal and proximal colon cancers differ in terms of molecular, pathological, and clinical features. Ann Oncol. 2014; 25(10): 1995-2001.
37. Newcomb PA, Zheng Y, Chia VM et al. Estrogen plus progestin use, microsatellite instability, and the risk of colorectal cancer in women. Cancer Res. 2007; 67(15): 7534-9.
38. Kim SE, Paik HY, Yoon H et al. Sex- and gender-specific disparities in colorectal cancer risk. World J Gastroenterol. 2015; 21(17): 5167-75.
39. Odukoya O, Fayemi M. A Rural-Urban Comparison of Knowledge, Risk- Factors and Preventive Practices for Colorectal Cancer among Adults in Lagos State. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019; 20(4): 1063-71.
40. Su TT, Goh JY, Tan J et al. Level of colorectal cancer awareness: a cross sectional exploratory study among multi-ethnic rural population in Malaysia. BMC Cancer. 2013; 13: 376.
41. Sessa A, Abbate R, Di Giuseppe G et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices about colorectal cancer among adults in an area of Southern Italy. BMC Cancer. 2008; 8: 171.
42. Alyabsi M, Alhumaid A, Allah-Bakhsh H et al. Colorectal cancer in Saudi Arabia as the proof-of-principle model for implementing strategies of predictive, preventive, and personalised medicine in healthcare. Epma J. 2020; 11(1): 119-31.
43. Bergin RJ, Emery J, Bollard RC et al. Rural-Urban Disparities in Time to Diagnosis and Treatment for Colorectal and Breast Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2018; 27(9): 1036-46.
44. Schlottmann F, Gaber C, Strassle PD et al. Health care disparities in colorectal and esophageal cancer. Am J Surg. 2020; 220(2): 415-20.
45. Enayatrad M, Yavari P, Etemad K et al. Association of Urbanization Levels and Colorectal Cancer Incidence in Iran. Int J Cancer Manag. 2018; 11(8): e68476.
46. Wen D, Zou W, Wen X et al. Urban-rural disparity in colorectal cancer incidence and increasing trend in relation to socioeconomic development and urbanisation in China. J Int Med Res. 2018; 46(10): 4181-96.
47. Papanikolaou IS, Sioulas AD, Kalimeris S et al. Awareness and attitudes of Greek medical students on colorectal cancer screening. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2012; 4(11): 513-7.
48. Kulkarni V, Darshan BB, Unnikrishnan B et al. Colorectal Cancer: How Familiar Are Our Future Doctors with the Cancer of Tomorrow? Biomed Res Int. 2018; 2018: 7462101.
49. Aga SS, Khan MA, Alsulimani EF et al. Knowledge & Awareness regarding colorectal cancer among health and allied students of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah. J Family Med Prim Care. 2021; 10(6): 2284-92.
50. Mhaidat NM, Al-Husein BA, Alzoubi KH et al. Knowledge and Awareness of Colorectal Cancer Early Warning Signs and Risk Factors among University Students in Jordan. J Cancer Educ. 2018; 33(2): 448-56.
51. Matkowski R, Szelachowska J, Szewczyk K et al. Improvements in undergraduate oncology education introduced at Polish medical universities between 2004 and 2010 under Poland’s “National Program for Combating Neoplastic Diseases”. J Cancer Educ. 2014; 29(3): 428-33.
52. Wilkerson L, Lee M, Hodgson CS. Evaluating curricular effects on medical students’ knowledge and self-perceived skills in cancer prevention. Acad Med. 2002; 77(10 Suppl): S51-3.
53. Geller AC, Prout MN, Miller DR et al. Evaluation of a cancer prevention and detection curriculum for medical students. Prev Med. 2002; 35(1): 78-86.
54. Dilly CK, Craven HJ, Molleston JP. Perspectives on Colon Cancer Screening-A Physician Panel Discussion for Preclinical Medical Students. MedEdPORTAL. 2020; 16: 11019.