Drug resistance in breast cancer Review article
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Abstract
Objective: The obstacle of resistance throughout breast cancer treatment leads to failure of therapy and progress in the disease. Current developments in our knowledge of the molecular pathways behind resistance to therapies in breast cancer will be covered in this brief review.
Materials and methods: The presented data in this review is gathered from multiple sources such as clinical observations (information about how patients react to systemic treatments), experimental models (data gathered from in vitro and in vivo drug resistance simulation framework), review of genetic alterations and epigenetic changes that contribute to resistance is done through genomic and epigenetic studies. The drug resistance mechanisms: target mutations, novel signaling pathways, modifications to the tumor microenvironment, emerging biomarkers, genetic and epigenetic modifications (targeted gene mutations, modifications in drug transporter expression, activation of signaling pathways).
Conclusion: Ongoing investigations are essential for identifying successful approaches to combat drug resistance in breast cancer. The process of refinement of combining medicines, development of novel targeted treatments, and research into mechanisms that limit drug transport are among the areas of focus.
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
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