Biologia roztoczy kurzu domowego
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mar 31, 2008
Słowa kluczowe:
roztocze kurzu domowego, roztocze alergenne, biologia, cykl życiowy, Dermatophagoides spp., Pyroglyphidae
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Abstrakt
Praca przedstawia przegląd literatury dotyczącej biologii roztoczy kurzu domowego (RKD). Mają one 6 stadiów rozwojowych przedzielonych linieniem: jajo, larwę, protonimfę, tritonimfę oraz adulti (samca i samicę). Wszystkie stadia młodociane mają aktywną i nieaktywną fazę w rozwoju. Rozwój od jaja do postaci dorosłej w optymalnych warunkach zajmuje w hodowli około miesiąca. Zdecydowana większość eksperymentów jako warunki optymalne wykorzystuje temperaturę 22–25°C i wilgotność względną 75–80%, aczkolwiek występują duże różnice w zależności od składników diety oraz gatunku roztocza. Najważniejszym czynnikiem ograniczającym rozwój populacji RKD jest wilgotność względna powietrza. Woda stanowi 50–80% masy ciała RKD z rodziny Pyroglyphidae, ale jej znacząca ilość nie pochodzi ani z pożywienia, ani też z syntez metabolicznych. Wartość krytyczna aktywnej równowagi tych roztoczy znajduje się poniżej 0,75. Świadczy to o tym, że mogą one utrzymywać konieczną do życia ilość wody tak długo, jak długo mają, chociaż przez część czasu, kontakt z powietrzem o wilgotności względnej 75%. Tym samym w celu utrzymania równowagi zawartości wody roztocze te mogą liczyć na absorpcję wody atmosferycznej przez oskórek. Ponadto gruczoły suprakoksalne pobierają aktywnie parę wodną z otoczenia. RKD mogą też ograniczać parowanie i dzięki temu unikać wysuszenia w ekstremalnych warunkach poprzez skupianie się osobników na niewielkiej powierzchni. Zrozumienie biologii, cyklu rozwojowego RKD oraz czynników środowiska wpływających na ich populację może być wykorzystane w jej zwalczaniu i ograniczaniu liczebności.
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Solarz , K. (2008). Biologia roztoczy kurzu domowego. Alergoprofil, 4(1), 2-11. Pobrano z https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/alergoprofil/article/view/42
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
Bibliografia
1. Van Bronswijk J.E.M.H., Sinha R.N.: Role of fungi in the survival of Dermatophagoides in house dust environment. Environ. Entomol. 1973, 2: 142-145.
2. Wharton G.W.: House dust mites: review article. J. Med. Entomol. 1976, 12: 577-621.
3. Mulla M.S., Sanchez Medina M.: Acaros en Colombia. Bionomia, Ecologia y Distribución. Su importancia en las enfermedades Alérgicas. Colciencias Editora Guadalupe LTDA, Bogota 1980.
4. Van Bronswijk J.E.M.H.: Food preference of pyroglyphid house-dust mites (Acari). Neth. J. Zool. 1972, 22(3): 335-340.
5. Van Bronswijk J.E.M.H.: House dust biology (for allergists, acarologists and mycologists). NIB Publishers, Zoelmond 1981.
6. Suggars A.L.: House dust mites: a review. J. Entomol. Sci. 1987, supl.1: 3-15.
7. Fain A., Guerin B., Hart B.J.: Mites and allergic disease. Allerbio, Varennes en Argonne 1990.
8. Hart B.J., Fain A.: Morphological and biological studies of medically important house dust mites. Acarologia 1988, 29: 285-295.
9. Mumcuoglu Y.K.: Biologie und Ökologie der Hausstaubmilben. Allergologie 1988, 11: 223-228.
10. Arlian L.G.: Biology and Ecology of House Dust Mites, Dermatophagoides spp. and Euroglyphus spp. (Airborne allergens). Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 1989, 9: 339-356.
11. Arlian L.G.: Water balance and humidity requirements of house dust mites. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 1992, 16: 15-35.
12. Spieksma F.T.M.: Mite biology. Clin. Rev. Allergy 1990, 8: 31-49.
13. Hallas T.E.: The biology of mites. Allergy 1991, 46(supl.11): 6-9.
14. Ree H.I., Lee I.Y., Kim T.E., Jeon S.H., Hong C.S.: Mass culture of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Med. Entomol. Zool. 1998, 48(2): 109-116.
15. Hart B.J.: Life cycle and reproduction of house-dust mites: environmental factors influencing mite populations. Allergy 1998, 53(supl.48): 13-17.
16. Larson D.G., Mitchell W.P., Wharton G.W.: Preliminary studies on Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961 (Acari) and house dust allergy. J. Med. Entomol. 1969, 6(3): 295-299.
17. Mumcuoglu Y.K., Lutsky I.: The life-cycle of Dermatophagoides evansi Fain, 1967 (Acari: Pyroglyphidae), a mite associated with poultry. Acarologia 1990, 31(2): 191-194.
18. Colloff M.J.: Population studies on the house dust mite Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman, 1950) (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). W: The Acari: Reproduction, Development and Life-History Strategies. Schuster R., Murphy P.W. (red.). Chapman and Hall, London 1991a: 497-505.
19. Colloff M.J.: A review of the biology and allergenicity of Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman, 1950) (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 1991b, 11(2/3): 177-198.
20. Saleh S.M., Abdel-Hamid M.M., Rezk H.A.: Biology of the European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart). Acarologia 1991, 32(1): 57-60.
21. Chmielewski W.: Bio-ekologiczne obserwacje Dermatophagoides passericola. Wiad. Parazytol. 1982, 28: 101-103.
22. Chmielewski W.: Dermatophagoides evansi Fain, Hughes et Johnston (Acari, Pyroglyphidae) – bionomics on bird dandruff. Zeszyty Naukowe AT-R (Bydgoszcz) 1998, 214(Ochrona Środowiska 2): 169-174.
23. Arlian L.G., Dippold J.S.: Development and fecundity of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1996, 33: 257-260.
24. Arlian L.G., Rapp C.M., Ahmed S.G.: Development of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1990, 27(6): 1035-1040.
25. Arlian L.G., Confer P.D., Rapp C.M., Vyszenski-Moher D.L., Chang J.S.C.: Population dynamics of the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Euroglyphus maynei (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) at specific relative humidities. J. Med. Entomol. 1998a, 35: 46-53.
26. Arlian L.G., Neal J.S., Bacon S.W.: Survival, fecundity, and development of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) at fluctuating relative humidity. J. Med. Entomol. 1998b, 35: 962-966.
27. Arlian L.G., Neal J.S., Vyszenski-Moher D.A.L.: Fluctuating hydrating and dehydrating relative humidities effects on the life cycle of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1999a, 36: 457-461.
28. Arlian L.G., Neal J.S., Vyszenski-Moher D.A.L.: Reducing relative humidity to control the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1999b, 104: 852- 856.
29. Chang J.C.S., Arlian L.G., Dippold J.S., Rapp C.M., Vyszenski-Moher D.A.: Survival of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, at high temperatures (40–80C). Indoor Air 1998, 8: 34-38.
30. Spieksma F.T.M.: The house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart, 1897), producer of the house-dust allergen (Acari: Psoroptidae). Thesis, Leiden 1967: 1-65.
31. Furumizo R.T.: Laboratory observations on the life history and biology of the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Acarina: Pyroglyphidae). California vector views 1975, 22: 49-60.
32. Fain A., Herin A.: La prélarve chez les Astigmates (Acari). Acarologia 1978, 20 (4): 566-571.
33. Furumizo R.T., Wharton G.W.: A case of postimaginal molt in the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farina Hughes, 1961 (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Acarologia 1975, 17: 730-733.
34. Halmai Z.: Postimaginal molts in house-dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) associated with various defects of development. Parasit. Hung. 1989, 22: 137-142.
35. Arlian L.G., Woodford P.J., Bernstein I.L., Gallagher J.S.: Seasonal population structure of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides spp. (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1983, 20: 99-102.
36. Oshima S., Sugita K.: Notes on the life history of Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961. Bull. Yokohama Munic. Inst. Publ. Health 1966, 4: 66-69.
37. Gamal-Eddin F.M., Abou-Senna F.M., Tayel S.E., Aboul-Atta A.M., Seif A.M., Gaafar S.M.: Duration of the developmental stages of house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus under controlled temperatures and relative humidities to pave the way in front of the workers in the field of house dust mites bronchial asthma. I. Preimaginal period. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 1983, 13: 319-334.
38. Griffiths D.A., Cunnington A.M.: Dermatophagoides microceras sp. n.: A description and comparison with its sibling species, D. farinae Hughes, 1961. J. St. Prod. Res. 1971, 7: 1-14.
39. Chmielewski W.: Hodowanie roztoczy z rodziny Pyroglyphidae. Wiad. Parazytol. 1986, 32: 407-409.
40. Piotrowski F.: Zarys entomologii parazytologicznej. PWN, Warszawa 1990.
41. Korsgaard J., Iversen M.: Epidemiology of house dust mite allergy. Allergy 1991, 46(supl.11): 14-18.
42. Korsgaard J.: Mite asthma and building construction in Denmark. Allergologie 1988, 11: 286-289.
43. Dubinina E.V.: Ehkologo-faunistieheskie issledovaniya kleshchej pyli v svyazi s problemoj allergii. Parazitol. Sb. 1985, 33: 209-229.
44. Miyamoto T., Oshima S., Mizuno K.: Cultivation of house-dust mites. J. Allergy 1969, 43: 152-154.
45. Solarz K.: Pyroglyphidae (Acari: Acaridida) in Poland: Distribution, biology, population ecology and epidemiology. Acta Zool. Cracov. 2001, 44: 435-528.
46. Solarz K., Szilman P., Szilman E., Krzak M., Jagła A.: Some allergenic species of astigmatid mites (Acari, Acaridida) from different synanthropic environments in southern Poland. Acta Zool. Cracov. 2004, 47(3/4): 125-145.
47. Hughes A.M, Maunsell K.: A study of a population of house dust mites in its natural environment. Clin. Allergy 1973, 3: 127-131.
48. Solarz K., Brewczyński P.: Biologia roztoczy kurzu domowego (Acari: Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae). Wiad. Parazytol. 1999, 45: 449-464.
49. Lang J.D., Mulla M.S.: Chemical-defined diet for the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 1978, 71: 785-786.
50. Koekkoek H.H.M., Van Bronswijk J.E.M.H.: Temperature requirements of house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus compared with the climate in different habitats of houses. Ent. Exp. Appl. 1972, 15: 438-442.
51. Arlian L. G.: Water exchange and effect of water vapour activity on metabolic rate in the dust mite, Dermatophagoides. J. Insect Physiol. 1975, 21: 1439-1442.
52. Nannelli R., Liguori M., Castagnoli M.: Osservazioni preliminari sulla biologia di E. maynei (Cooreman) (Acari, Pyroglyphidae) e sua distribuzione in Italia. Redia 1983, 66: 401-408.
53. Dusbábek F.: Population structure and dynamics of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Acarina, Pyroglyphidae) in Czechoslovakia. Folia Parasitol. (Praha) 1975, 22: 219-231.
54. Hall C.C. Jr, Mc Mahon B., Sams J.T.: Collecting and rearing Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, from house dust. Ann. Allergy 1971, 29: 81-85.
55. Paul T.C., Sinha R.N.: Low-temperature survival of Dermatophagoides farinae. Environ. Entomol. 1972, 1: 547-549.
56. Dusbábek F.: Dynamics and structure of mixed populations of Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. Rec. Adv. Acarol. 1979, 2: 173-177.
57. Arlian L.G.: Humidity as a factor regulating feeding and water balance of the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farina and D. pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1977, 14(4): 484-488.
58. Arlian L.G., Veselica M.: Effect of temperature on the equilibrium body water mass in the mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Physiol. Zool. 1981, 54(4): 393-399.
59. Pope A.M., Patterson R., Burge H.: Indoor allergens. Assessing and controlling adverse health effects. National Academy Press, Washington 1993
2. Wharton G.W.: House dust mites: review article. J. Med. Entomol. 1976, 12: 577-621.
3. Mulla M.S., Sanchez Medina M.: Acaros en Colombia. Bionomia, Ecologia y Distribución. Su importancia en las enfermedades Alérgicas. Colciencias Editora Guadalupe LTDA, Bogota 1980.
4. Van Bronswijk J.E.M.H.: Food preference of pyroglyphid house-dust mites (Acari). Neth. J. Zool. 1972, 22(3): 335-340.
5. Van Bronswijk J.E.M.H.: House dust biology (for allergists, acarologists and mycologists). NIB Publishers, Zoelmond 1981.
6. Suggars A.L.: House dust mites: a review. J. Entomol. Sci. 1987, supl.1: 3-15.
7. Fain A., Guerin B., Hart B.J.: Mites and allergic disease. Allerbio, Varennes en Argonne 1990.
8. Hart B.J., Fain A.: Morphological and biological studies of medically important house dust mites. Acarologia 1988, 29: 285-295.
9. Mumcuoglu Y.K.: Biologie und Ökologie der Hausstaubmilben. Allergologie 1988, 11: 223-228.
10. Arlian L.G.: Biology and Ecology of House Dust Mites, Dermatophagoides spp. and Euroglyphus spp. (Airborne allergens). Immunol. Allergy Clin. North Am. 1989, 9: 339-356.
11. Arlian L.G.: Water balance and humidity requirements of house dust mites. Exp. Appl. Acarol. 1992, 16: 15-35.
12. Spieksma F.T.M.: Mite biology. Clin. Rev. Allergy 1990, 8: 31-49.
13. Hallas T.E.: The biology of mites. Allergy 1991, 46(supl.11): 6-9.
14. Ree H.I., Lee I.Y., Kim T.E., Jeon S.H., Hong C.S.: Mass culture of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Med. Entomol. Zool. 1998, 48(2): 109-116.
15. Hart B.J.: Life cycle and reproduction of house-dust mites: environmental factors influencing mite populations. Allergy 1998, 53(supl.48): 13-17.
16. Larson D.G., Mitchell W.P., Wharton G.W.: Preliminary studies on Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961 (Acari) and house dust allergy. J. Med. Entomol. 1969, 6(3): 295-299.
17. Mumcuoglu Y.K., Lutsky I.: The life-cycle of Dermatophagoides evansi Fain, 1967 (Acari: Pyroglyphidae), a mite associated with poultry. Acarologia 1990, 31(2): 191-194.
18. Colloff M.J.: Population studies on the house dust mite Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman, 1950) (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). W: The Acari: Reproduction, Development and Life-History Strategies. Schuster R., Murphy P.W. (red.). Chapman and Hall, London 1991a: 497-505.
19. Colloff M.J.: A review of the biology and allergenicity of Euroglyphus maynei (Cooreman, 1950) (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Exp. Appl. Acarol. 1991b, 11(2/3): 177-198.
20. Saleh S.M., Abdel-Hamid M.M., Rezk H.A.: Biology of the European house dust mite, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart). Acarologia 1991, 32(1): 57-60.
21. Chmielewski W.: Bio-ekologiczne obserwacje Dermatophagoides passericola. Wiad. Parazytol. 1982, 28: 101-103.
22. Chmielewski W.: Dermatophagoides evansi Fain, Hughes et Johnston (Acari, Pyroglyphidae) – bionomics on bird dandruff. Zeszyty Naukowe AT-R (Bydgoszcz) 1998, 214(Ochrona Środowiska 2): 169-174.
23. Arlian L.G., Dippold J.S.: Development and fecundity of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1996, 33: 257-260.
24. Arlian L.G., Rapp C.M., Ahmed S.G.: Development of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1990, 27(6): 1035-1040.
25. Arlian L.G., Confer P.D., Rapp C.M., Vyszenski-Moher D.L., Chang J.S.C.: Population dynamics of the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and Euroglyphus maynei (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) at specific relative humidities. J. Med. Entomol. 1998a, 35: 46-53.
26. Arlian L.G., Neal J.S., Bacon S.W.: Survival, fecundity, and development of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) at fluctuating relative humidity. J. Med. Entomol. 1998b, 35: 962-966.
27. Arlian L.G., Neal J.S., Vyszenski-Moher D.A.L.: Fluctuating hydrating and dehydrating relative humidities effects on the life cycle of Dermatophagoides farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1999a, 36: 457-461.
28. Arlian L.G., Neal J.S., Vyszenski-Moher D.A.L.: Reducing relative humidity to control the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 1999b, 104: 852- 856.
29. Chang J.C.S., Arlian L.G., Dippold J.S., Rapp C.M., Vyszenski-Moher D.A.: Survival of the house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae, at high temperatures (40–80C). Indoor Air 1998, 8: 34-38.
30. Spieksma F.T.M.: The house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Trouessart, 1897), producer of the house-dust allergen (Acari: Psoroptidae). Thesis, Leiden 1967: 1-65.
31. Furumizo R.T.: Laboratory observations on the life history and biology of the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Acarina: Pyroglyphidae). California vector views 1975, 22: 49-60.
32. Fain A., Herin A.: La prélarve chez les Astigmates (Acari). Acarologia 1978, 20 (4): 566-571.
33. Furumizo R.T., Wharton G.W.: A case of postimaginal molt in the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farina Hughes, 1961 (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Acarologia 1975, 17: 730-733.
34. Halmai Z.: Postimaginal molts in house-dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) associated with various defects of development. Parasit. Hung. 1989, 22: 137-142.
35. Arlian L.G., Woodford P.J., Bernstein I.L., Gallagher J.S.: Seasonal population structure of house dust mites, Dermatophagoides spp. (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1983, 20: 99-102.
36. Oshima S., Sugita K.: Notes on the life history of Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, 1961. Bull. Yokohama Munic. Inst. Publ. Health 1966, 4: 66-69.
37. Gamal-Eddin F.M., Abou-Senna F.M., Tayel S.E., Aboul-Atta A.M., Seif A.M., Gaafar S.M.: Duration of the developmental stages of house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus under controlled temperatures and relative humidities to pave the way in front of the workers in the field of house dust mites bronchial asthma. I. Preimaginal period. J. Egypt. Soc. Parasitol. 1983, 13: 319-334.
38. Griffiths D.A., Cunnington A.M.: Dermatophagoides microceras sp. n.: A description and comparison with its sibling species, D. farinae Hughes, 1961. J. St. Prod. Res. 1971, 7: 1-14.
39. Chmielewski W.: Hodowanie roztoczy z rodziny Pyroglyphidae. Wiad. Parazytol. 1986, 32: 407-409.
40. Piotrowski F.: Zarys entomologii parazytologicznej. PWN, Warszawa 1990.
41. Korsgaard J., Iversen M.: Epidemiology of house dust mite allergy. Allergy 1991, 46(supl.11): 14-18.
42. Korsgaard J.: Mite asthma and building construction in Denmark. Allergologie 1988, 11: 286-289.
43. Dubinina E.V.: Ehkologo-faunistieheskie issledovaniya kleshchej pyli v svyazi s problemoj allergii. Parazitol. Sb. 1985, 33: 209-229.
44. Miyamoto T., Oshima S., Mizuno K.: Cultivation of house-dust mites. J. Allergy 1969, 43: 152-154.
45. Solarz K.: Pyroglyphidae (Acari: Acaridida) in Poland: Distribution, biology, population ecology and epidemiology. Acta Zool. Cracov. 2001, 44: 435-528.
46. Solarz K., Szilman P., Szilman E., Krzak M., Jagła A.: Some allergenic species of astigmatid mites (Acari, Acaridida) from different synanthropic environments in southern Poland. Acta Zool. Cracov. 2004, 47(3/4): 125-145.
47. Hughes A.M, Maunsell K.: A study of a population of house dust mites in its natural environment. Clin. Allergy 1973, 3: 127-131.
48. Solarz K., Brewczyński P.: Biologia roztoczy kurzu domowego (Acari: Astigmata: Pyroglyphidae). Wiad. Parazytol. 1999, 45: 449-464.
49. Lang J.D., Mulla M.S.: Chemical-defined diet for the American house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer. 1978, 71: 785-786.
50. Koekkoek H.H.M., Van Bronswijk J.E.M.H.: Temperature requirements of house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus compared with the climate in different habitats of houses. Ent. Exp. Appl. 1972, 15: 438-442.
51. Arlian L. G.: Water exchange and effect of water vapour activity on metabolic rate in the dust mite, Dermatophagoides. J. Insect Physiol. 1975, 21: 1439-1442.
52. Nannelli R., Liguori M., Castagnoli M.: Osservazioni preliminari sulla biologia di E. maynei (Cooreman) (Acari, Pyroglyphidae) e sua distribuzione in Italia. Redia 1983, 66: 401-408.
53. Dusbábek F.: Population structure and dynamics of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (Acarina, Pyroglyphidae) in Czechoslovakia. Folia Parasitol. (Praha) 1975, 22: 219-231.
54. Hall C.C. Jr, Mc Mahon B., Sams J.T.: Collecting and rearing Dermatophagoides farinae Hughes, from house dust. Ann. Allergy 1971, 29: 81-85.
55. Paul T.C., Sinha R.N.: Low-temperature survival of Dermatophagoides farinae. Environ. Entomol. 1972, 1: 547-549.
56. Dusbábek F.: Dynamics and structure of mixed populations of Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. Rec. Adv. Acarol. 1979, 2: 173-177.
57. Arlian L.G.: Humidity as a factor regulating feeding and water balance of the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farina and D. pteronyssinus (Acari: Pyroglyphidae). J. Med. Entomol. 1977, 14(4): 484-488.
58. Arlian L.G., Veselica M.: Effect of temperature on the equilibrium body water mass in the mite Dermatophagoides farinae. Physiol. Zool. 1981, 54(4): 393-399.
59. Pope A.M., Patterson R., Burge H.: Indoor allergens. Assessing and controlling adverse health effects. National Academy Press, Washington 1993