How do we treat and where do we go in AMD treatment
Main Article Content
Abstract
The number of patients with agerelated macular degeneration in population over 50 increases constantly, however the exact etiology of that pathology is still not well known. Previously used wet AMD treatment methods such as radiotherapy, laser therapy or photodynamic therapy were not successful. Now the gold standard for wet AMD treatment is the use of intravitreally administered antiVEGF antagonists such as ranibizumab, aflibercept or offlabel bevacizumab. However these medications are directed against the symptoms and not the cause of described pathology. Probable multifactorial etiology of AMD needs further improvement in therapy of that disease. New immunomodulators, neuroprotectors, antioxidants as well as gene therapy is currently under investigations to improve AMD treatment
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. License allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
2. Aird WC. Endothelial cell heterogeneity. Crit Care Med. 2003; 31: 221-30.
3. Arnold JJ, Blinder KJ, Bressler NM et al. Treatment of age-related macular degeneration with Photodynamic Therapy Study Group. Acute severe visual acuity decrease after photodynamic therapy with verterporfiryn: case report from randomized clinical trials-TAP and VIP report. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004; 137: 683-96.
4. Bressler NM. Early detection and treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Am Board Pract. 2002; 15(2): 142-52.
5. Ciulla TA, Danis RP, Harris A. Age-related macular degeneration: A review of experimental treatments. Surv Ophthalmol. 1998; 43(2): 134-46.
6. Das A, Mc Guire PG. Retinal and choroidal angiogenesis: Pathophysiology and strategies for inhibition. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003; 22(6): 721-48.
7. Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of vascular endothelial growth factor. Endocr Rev. 2003; 18(1): 4-25.
8. Fine SL, Berger JW, Maguire MG et al. Age-related macular degeneration and blindness due to neovascular maculopathy. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342(7): 483-92.
9. Gilies MC, Simpson JM, Luo W et al. A randomized clinical trial of a single dose of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide for neovascular age-related macular degeneration; one year results. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003; 121: 667-73.
10. Grossniklaus HE, Green WR. Choroidal neovascularisation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2004; 137: 496-503.
11. Hubschman JP, Reddy S, Schwartz SD. Age-related macular degeneration: experimental and emerging treatments. Clin Ophthalmol. 2009; 3: 167-74.
12. Hue J, Spee C, Kase S et al. Recombinant human VEGF 165 b inhibits experimental choroidal neovascularisation. IOVS. 2010; 51(8): 4282-8.
13. Jager RD, Aiello LP, Patel CS et al. Risks of intravitreus injection: a comprehensive review. Retina. 2004; 24: 676-98.
14. Liu M, Regillo CD. A review of treatments for macular degeneration: a synopsis of currently approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2004; 15: 221-6.
15. Papadopoulos N, Martin J, Ruan Q et al. Binding and neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and related ligands by VEGF Trap, ranibizumab and bevacizumab. Angiogenesis. 2012: 15(2): 171-85.
16. Patel S. Combination therapy for age-related macular degeneration. Retina. 2009; 29(6): 45-8.
17. Schmidt-Erfurth U, Kaiser PK, Korobelnik JF. Intravitreal aflibercept injection for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: ninety-six-week results of the VIEW studies. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121(1): 193-201.
18. Serini S, Piccioni E, Calviello G. Dietary n-3 PUFA vascular targeting and the prevention of tumor growth and age-related macular degeneration. Curr Med Chem. 2009; 16(34): 4511-26.
19. Weber BH, Charbel Issa P, Pauly D et al. The role of the complement system in age-related macular degeneration. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2014; 11(8): 133-8.