Application of 2RT nanopulse retinal laser in the treatment of diabetic macular edema
Main Article Content
Abstract
In 2003, there were over 382 million people with diagnosed diabetes worldwide. This number is projected to triple by 2035. Up until a few years ago, the mainstay of diabetic macular edema treatment was laser photocoagulation. However, this treatment method causes irreparable damage to tissues and photoreceptors. As an alternative to conventional retinal laser therapy, 2RT laser was introduced, with the first reports of its effectiveness published in 2007. Currently, there are only a few available studies on 2RT laser efficacy. The effect of nanosecond laser on macular tissues requires further evaluation and thorough, randomized analysis.
Downloads
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. License allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
2. Cheung N, Mitchell P, Wong TY. Diabetic retinopathy. Lancet. 2010; 376(9735): 124-36.
3. Janeczko-Sosnowska E. Cukrzyca typu 1. Seria: Przewodnik Lekarza Praktyka – Diabetologia. Wydawnictwo Czelej Sp. z o.o., Lublin 2008: 62-6.
4. Strojek K (ed). Diabetologia – praktyczny przewodnik. Wydawnictwo Medyczne Termedia, Poznań 2009: 135-9.
5. Tatoń J. Patofizjologia retinopatii cukrzycowej. Przew Lek. 2003; 6(4): 117-30.
6. Klein R, Klein B, Moss S et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy: the long-term incidence of macular edema. Ophthalmology. 1995; 102: 7-16.
7. Klein R, Klein B, Moss S et al. Diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 1984; 91: 1464-74.
8. Klein R, Knudtson MD, Lee KE et al. The Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy XXIII: the twenty-five-year incidence of macular edema in persons with type 1 diabetes. Ophthalmology. 2009; 116(3): 497-503.
9. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ. 1998; 317: 703-13.
10. Arend O, Remky A, Elsner AE et al. Quantification of cystoid changes in diabetic maculopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1995; 36(3): 608-13.
11. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study Research Group. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema: early treatment diabetic retinopathy study report number 1. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985; 103(12): 1796-806.
12. Chidlow G, Shibeeb O, Plunkett M et al. Glial cell and inflammatory responses to retinal laser treatment: comparison of a conventional photocoagulator and a novel, 3-nanosecond pulse laser. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54: 2319-32.
13. Marshall J, Pelonsis L, Hamilton P. Laser Treatment Shows Promise for Diabetic Macular Edema. Retinal Today. 2008; 8: 74-75.
14. Pelosini L, Hamilton R, Mohamed M et al. Retina rejuvenation therapy for diabetic macular edema. Retina. 2013; 33: 548-58.
15. Casson RJ, Raymond G, Newland HS et al. Pilot randomized trial of nanopulse retinal laser versus conventional photocoagulation for the treatment of diabetic macular oedema. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012; 40: 604-10.
16. Wood JP, Shibeeb O, Plunkett M. Retinal damage profiles and neuronal effects of laser treatment: comparison of a conventional photocoagulator and a novel 3-nanosecond pulse laser. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013; 54(3): 2305-18.
17. Shibeeb O, Wood JP, Casson RJ et al. Effects of a conventional photocoagulator and a 3-ns pulse laser on preconditioning responses and retinal ganglion cell survival after optic nerve crush. Exp Eye Res. 2014; 127: 77-90.
18. Chidlow G, Plunkett M, Casson RJ et al. Investigations into localized re-treatment of retina with a 3 nanosecond laser. Lasers Surg Med. 2016; 48(6): 602-15.
19. Jing Lock H, Sing Fonf Ch. An update on retinal laser therapy. Clin Exp Optom. 2011; 94(1): 43-51.
20. Park YG, Roh YJ. New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches for Preventing the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. J Diab Res. 2016; 2016: 1753584.
21. Chehade L, Chidlow G, Wood J et al. Short-pulse duration retinal laser: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2016; 44(8): 714-21.