Choroby odzwierzęce w okulistyce. Część I – Toksoplazmozowe zapalenie siatkówki i naczyniówki
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gru 31, 2019
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Toxoplasma gondii, oczna toksoplazmoza, zapalenie siatkówki i naczyniówki, antagoniści kwasu foliowego, wtórna profilaktyka, pyrimetamina, sulfadiazyna, kuracja, leczenie klindamycyną
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Abstrakt
Inwazja Toxoplasma gondii jest prawdopodobnie najczęściej występującą parazytemią na świecie. Szacuje się, że może być nią zarażona nawet połowa populacji. Ten pasożyt jest oportunistą i rzadko powoduje objawy chorobowe, które są mało specyficzne, łagodne i szybko ustępujące, więc powszechnie się ignoruje istnienie tej choroby. Toksoplazmoza stanowi jednak najczęstszą przyczynę zapalenia tylnego odcinka oka w Polsce. Problem ten w naszym kraju szacunkowo może dotyczyć ok. 300 000 osób. Pomimo że specjaliści okuliści często widzą stare, nieczynne blizny toksoplazmozowe, to czynne ognisko toksoplazmozowe powoduje pewne trudności dotyczące rozpoznania i leczenia. Niniejszy artykuł opracowano w oparciu o najnowsze oraz stare, ale istotne, pozycje literatury i ma on pomóc specjalistom okulistom zrozumieć, diagnozować i leczyć tę chorobę.
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Borkowski P. Choroby odzwierzęce w okulistyce. Część I – Toksoplazmozowe zapalenie siatkówki i naczyniówki. Ophthatherapy [Internet]. 31 grudzień 2019 [cytowane 3 lipiec 2024];6(4):225-30. Dostępne na: https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/ophthatherapy/article/view/955
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Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. License allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
Bibliografia
1. Flegr J, Prandota J, Sovickova M et al. Toxoplasmosis – a global threat. Correlation of latent toxoplasmosis with specific disease burden in a set of 88 countries. PLoS One. 2014; 9(3): e90203.
2. Sroka J, Wójcik-Fatla A, Dutkiewicz J. Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in water from wells located on farms. AAEM 2006; 13: 169-75.
3. European Food Safety Authority. The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Foodborne Outbreaks in 2012. EFSA Journal. 2014; 12(2); 3547: 209-17.
4. Brydak-Godowska J, Moskal K, Borkowski PK et al. A Retrospective Observational Study of Uveitis in a Single Center in Poland with a Reviev of Findings in Europe. Med Sci Monit. 2018; 24: 8734-49.
5. Holland GN. Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part I. Epidemilogy and course of disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003; 136: 973-88.
6. Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski PK, Rabczenko D et al. Do pregnancy, postpartum period and lactation predispose to recurent toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis? Med Sci Monit. 2015; 21: 582-4.
7. Denkers EY, Gazzinelli RT. Regulation and function of T-cell-mediated immunity during Toxoplasma gondii infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998; 11: 569-88.
8. Fekkar A, Bodaghi B, Touafek F et al. Comparison of Immunoblotting, calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient and real time PCR using aqueos humor samples for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46: 1965-7.
9. Gilbert RE, See SE, Jones LV et al. Antibiotics versus control for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; (1): CD002218.
10. Harrell M, Carvounis PE. Current Treatment of Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis: An Evidence-Based Review. J Ophthalmol. 2014; 2014: 273506.
11. Holland GN, Lewis KG. An update on current practices in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 134:102-14.
12. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/health_professionals/index.html. Dostęp: 20.11.2019.
13. Carter JY, Loolpapit MP, Lema OE et al. Reduction of the efficacy of antifolate antimalarial therapy by folic acid supplementation. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005; 73(1): 166-70.
14. Nzila A. Impact of folate supplementation on the efficacy of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in preventing malaria in pregnancy: the potential of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014; 69(2): 323-30.
15. Borkowski PK, Brydak-Godowska J, Basiak W et al. Adverse reactions in antifolate treated toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018; 1108: 37-48.
16. Holland GN. Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part II. Disease manifestations and manmagment. Am J Ophtalmol. 2004; 137(1): 1-17.
17. Dunay IR, Gajurel K, Dhakal R et al. Treatment of toxoplasmosis: historical perspective, animal models and current clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018; 31: e0057-17.
18. Derouin F, Almadany F, Chau F et al. Synergistic activity of azithromycin and pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine in acute experimental toxoplasmosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992; 36(5): 997-1001.
19. Butler NJ, Furtado JM, Winthrop KL et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis II: clinical features, pathology and management. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2013; 41: 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02838.x.
20. Bosch-Driessen LH, Verbraak FD, Suttorp-Schulten MS et al. A prospective, randomized trial of pyrimethamine and azithromycin vs pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 134(1): 34-40.
21. Silveira C, Belfort R Jr, Muccioli C et al. The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim-sulfametoksazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophtalmol. 2002; 134: 41-6.
22. Silveira C, Muccioli C, Nussenblatt R et al. The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim-sulfametoksazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: 10 years of follow-up. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015; 23: 246-7.
23. Fernandes Felix JP, Cavalcanti Lira RP, Cosimo AB et al. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus placebo in reducing the risk of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis recurrences: a three-year follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016; 170: 176-82.
24. Borkowski PK, Brydak-Godowska J, Basiak W et al. The impact of short-term, intensive antifolate treatment (with primethamine and sulfadoxine) and antibiotics followed by long-term, secondary antifolate prophylaxis on rate of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis reccurrence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015; 10: e0004892.
25. Souza CE, Nascimento H, Lima A et al. Intravitreal injection of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim associated with dexamethasone as an alternative therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017; 7: 1041-4.
26. Soheilian M, Ramezani A, Azimzadeh A et al. Randomized trial of intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone versus pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and prednisolone in treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology. 2011; 118: 134-41.
27. Martinez CE, Zhang D, Conway MD et al. Successful management of ocular toxoplasmosis during pregnancy using combined intraocular clindamycin and dexamethasone with systemic sulfadiazine. Int Ophthalmol. 1998; 22: 85-8.
2. Sroka J, Wójcik-Fatla A, Dutkiewicz J. Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in water from wells located on farms. AAEM 2006; 13: 169-75.
3. European Food Safety Authority. The European Union Summary Report on Trends and Sources of Zoonoses, Zoonotic Agents and Foodborne Outbreaks in 2012. EFSA Journal. 2014; 12(2); 3547: 209-17.
4. Brydak-Godowska J, Moskal K, Borkowski PK et al. A Retrospective Observational Study of Uveitis in a Single Center in Poland with a Reviev of Findings in Europe. Med Sci Monit. 2018; 24: 8734-49.
5. Holland GN. Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part I. Epidemilogy and course of disease. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003; 136: 973-88.
6. Brydak-Godowska J, Borkowski PK, Rabczenko D et al. Do pregnancy, postpartum period and lactation predispose to recurent toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis? Med Sci Monit. 2015; 21: 582-4.
7. Denkers EY, Gazzinelli RT. Regulation and function of T-cell-mediated immunity during Toxoplasma gondii infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998; 11: 569-88.
8. Fekkar A, Bodaghi B, Touafek F et al. Comparison of Immunoblotting, calculation of the Goldmann-Witmer coefficient and real time PCR using aqueos humor samples for diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2008; 46: 1965-7.
9. Gilbert RE, See SE, Jones LV et al. Antibiotics versus control for toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002; (1): CD002218.
10. Harrell M, Carvounis PE. Current Treatment of Toxoplasma Retinochoroiditis: An Evidence-Based Review. J Ophthalmol. 2014; 2014: 273506.
11. Holland GN, Lewis KG. An update on current practices in the management of ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 134:102-14.
12. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/health_professionals/index.html. Dostęp: 20.11.2019.
13. Carter JY, Loolpapit MP, Lema OE et al. Reduction of the efficacy of antifolate antimalarial therapy by folic acid supplementation. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2005; 73(1): 166-70.
14. Nzila A. Impact of folate supplementation on the efficacy of sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in preventing malaria in pregnancy: the potential of 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2014; 69(2): 323-30.
15. Borkowski PK, Brydak-Godowska J, Basiak W et al. Adverse reactions in antifolate treated toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018; 1108: 37-48.
16. Holland GN. Ocular toxoplasmosis: a global reassessment. Part II. Disease manifestations and manmagment. Am J Ophtalmol. 2004; 137(1): 1-17.
17. Dunay IR, Gajurel K, Dhakal R et al. Treatment of toxoplasmosis: historical perspective, animal models and current clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018; 31: e0057-17.
18. Derouin F, Almadany F, Chau F et al. Synergistic activity of azithromycin and pyrimethamine or sulfadiazine in acute experimental toxoplasmosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992; 36(5): 997-1001.
19. Butler NJ, Furtado JM, Winthrop KL et al. Ocular toxoplasmosis II: clinical features, pathology and management. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2013; 41: 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9071.2012.02838.x.
20. Bosch-Driessen LH, Verbraak FD, Suttorp-Schulten MS et al. A prospective, randomized trial of pyrimethamine and azithromycin vs pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine for the treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002; 134(1): 34-40.
21. Silveira C, Belfort R Jr, Muccioli C et al. The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim-sulfametoksazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis. Am J Ophtalmol. 2002; 134: 41-6.
22. Silveira C, Muccioli C, Nussenblatt R et al. The effect of long-term intermittent trimethoprim-sulfametoksazole treatment on recurrences of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis: 10 years of follow-up. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2015; 23: 246-7.
23. Fernandes Felix JP, Cavalcanti Lira RP, Cosimo AB et al. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus placebo in reducing the risk of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis recurrences: a three-year follow-up. Am J Ophthalmol. 2016; 170: 176-82.
24. Borkowski PK, Brydak-Godowska J, Basiak W et al. The impact of short-term, intensive antifolate treatment (with primethamine and sulfadoxine) and antibiotics followed by long-term, secondary antifolate prophylaxis on rate of toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis reccurrence. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015; 10: e0004892.
25. Souza CE, Nascimento H, Lima A et al. Intravitreal injection of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim associated with dexamethasone as an alternative therapy for ocular toxoplasmosis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017; 7: 1041-4.
26. Soheilian M, Ramezani A, Azimzadeh A et al. Randomized trial of intravitreal clindamycin and dexamethasone versus pyrimethamine, sulfadiazine, and prednisolone in treatment of ocular toxoplasmosis. Ophthalmology. 2011; 118: 134-41.
27. Martinez CE, Zhang D, Conway MD et al. Successful management of ocular toxoplasmosis during pregnancy using combined intraocular clindamycin and dexamethasone with systemic sulfadiazine. Int Ophthalmol. 1998; 22: 85-8.