When a large refractive error is found in children, should we immediately order electroretinography? Artykuł przeglądowy
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Opublikowane:
mar 31, 2023
Słowa kluczowe:
refractive error, electroretinography, pediatric ophthalmology, retinal dystrophy
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Abstrakt
Electroretinography is a useful tool used in diagnosing retinal disorders. Refractive errors are a common and increasing group of abnormalities, which, if undiagnosed, may lead to complications. Physiologically, i.e., refraction of the child’s eye, evolves from myopic or hyperopic after birth, towards emmetropic. However, high refractive errors tend to present with retinal diseases. Early electroretinography is a great diagnostic test that allows its detection. Because of that, it can help avoid loss of eyesight and prevent future implications. Unfortunately, low accessibility and interpretational difficulties are main barriers in wider implementation of that method.
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Zabochnicki M, Pojda-Wilczek D. When a large refractive error is found in children, should we immediately order electroretinography?. Ophthatherapy [Internet]. 31 marzec 2023 [cytowane 24 listopad 2024];10(1):24-3. Dostępne na: https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/ophthatherapy/article/view/2653
Numer
Dział
Diagnostyka
Utwór dostępny jest na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa – Użycie niekomercyjne – Bez utworów zależnych 4.0 Międzynarodowe.
Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. License allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
Bibliografia
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2. Logan NS, Gilmartin B, Marr JE et al. Community-Based Study of the Association of High Myopia in Children with Ocular and Systemic Disease. Optom Vis Sci. 2004; 81: 11-3.
3. Lee SS-Y, Mackey DA. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Young Adults: Review of Findings From the Raine Study. Front Public Health. 2022; 10: 861044.
4. Pan C-W, Ramamurthy D, Saw S-M. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia: Prevalence and risk factors for myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012; 32: 3-16.
5. Marr JE, Halliwell-Ewen J, Fisher B et al. Associations of high myopia in childhood. Eye (Lond). 2001; 15: 70-4.
6. Pi L-H, Chen L, Liu Q et al. Prevalence of Eye Diseases and Causes of Visual Impairment in School-Aged Children in Western China. J Epidemiol. 2012; 22: 37-44.
7. Camuglia JE, Greer RM, Welch L et al. Use of the electroretinogram in a paediatric hospital: The electroretinogram in children. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2011; 39: 506-12.
8. Jonas DE, Amick HR, Wallace IF et al. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2017; 318: 845.
9. Alvarez-Peregrina C, Sánchez-Tena MÁ, Andreu-Vázquez C et al. Visual Health and Academic Performance in School-Aged Children. IJERPH. 2020; 17: 2346.
10. Epelbaum M, Milleret C, Buisseret P et al. The Sensitive Period for Strabismic Amblyopia in Humans. Ophthalmology. 1993; 100: 323-7.
11. Parness-Yossifon R, Mets MB. The electroretinogram in children. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008; 19: 398-402.
12. Brodie SE. Tips and tricks for successful electroretinography in children. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2014; 25: 366-73.
13. Robson AG, Frishman LJ, Grigg J et al. ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2022 update). Doc Ophthalmol. 2022; 144: 165-77.
14. Flitcroft DI. Retinal dysfunction and refractive errors: an electrophysiological study of children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005; 89: 484-8.
15. Atchison DA, Jones CE, Schmid KL et al. Eye Shape in Emmetropia and Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004; 45: 3380.
16. Panda-Jonas S, Jonas JB, Jonas RA. Photoreceptor density in relation to axial length and retinal location in human eyes. Sci Rep. 2022; 12: 21371.
17. Perlman I, Meyer E, Haim T et al. Retinal function in high refractive error assessed electroretinographically. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984; 68: 79-84.
18. Ikuno Y. Overview Of The Complications Of High Myopia. Retina. 2017; 37: 2347-51.
19. Havens LT, Kingston ACN, Speiser DI. Automated methods for efficient and accurate electroretinography. J Comp Physiol A. 2021; 207: 381-91.
20. Fernandes A, Pinto N, Tuna AR et al. Can pattern electroretinography be a relevant diagnostic aid in amblyopia? – A systematic review. Semin Ophthalmol. 2022; 37: 593-601.
21. Hood DC, Odel JG, Chen CS et al. The Multifocal Electroretinogram. J Neuroophthalmol. 2003; 23: 225-35.
22. Birch DG. Standardized Full-Field Electroretinography: Normal Values and Their Variation With Age. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992; 110: 1571.
23. Marmoy OR, Moinuddin M, Thompson DA. An alternative electroretinography protocol for children: a study of diagnostic agreement and accuracy relative to ISCEV standard electroretinograms. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2022; 100: 322-30.
24. Mulak M, Pieniążek M, Misiuk-Hojło M. Elektrofizjologiczna diagnostyka zaburzeń widzenia w zespołach paranowotworowych. Pol Prz Neurol. 2008; 4: 199-202.
25. Pasmanter N, Petersen‐Jones SM. A review of electroretinography waveforms and models and their application in the dog. Vet Ophthalmol. 2020; 23: 418-35.
26. Harden A, Adams GGW, Taylor DSI. The electroretinogram. Arch Dis Child. 1989; 64: 1080-7.
27. Enthoven CA, Tideman JWL, Polling JR et al. The impact of computer use on myopia development in childhood: The Generation R study. Prev Med. 2020; 132: 105988.
28. Norton TT, Siegwart JT. Light levels, refractive development, and myopia – A speculative review. Exp Eye Res. 2013; 114: 48-57.
29. Saunders KJ. Early refractive development in humans. Sur Ophthalmol. 1995; 40: 207-16.
30. Mets MB, Smith VC, Pokorny J et al. Postnatal retinal development as measured by the electroretinogram in premature infants. Doc Ophthalmol. 1995; 90: 111-27.
31. Fulton AB, Hansen RM. Electroretinogram responses and refractive errors in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Doc Ophthalmol. 1995; 91: 87-100.
32. Goodman G, Ripps H. Electroretinography in the Differential Diagnosis of Visual Loss in Children. Arch Ophthalmol. 1960; 64: 221-35.
33. Chia A, Li W, Tan D et al. Full-field electroretinogram findings in children in the atropine treatment for myopia (ATOM2) study. Doc Ophthalmol. 2013; 126: 177-86.
34. Wagner RS, Caputo AR, Nelson LB et al. High Hyperopia in Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985; 103: 1507-9.
35. Orosz O, Rajta I, Vajas A et al. Myopia and Late-Onset Progressive Cone Dystrophy Associate to LVAVA/MVAVA Exon 3 Interchange Haplotypes of Opsin Genes on Chromosome X. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017; 58: 1834.
36. Varma R, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Jiang X. Visual Impairment in Preschool Children in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Variations From 2015 to 2060. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017; 135: 610.
37. Luu CD, Foulds WS, Tan DTH. Features of the Multifocal Electroretinogram May Predict the Rate of Myopia Progression in Children. Ophthalmology. 2007; 114: 1433-8.
2. Logan NS, Gilmartin B, Marr JE et al. Community-Based Study of the Association of High Myopia in Children with Ocular and Systemic Disease. Optom Vis Sci. 2004; 81: 11-3.
3. Lee SS-Y, Mackey DA. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Myopia in Young Adults: Review of Findings From the Raine Study. Front Public Health. 2022; 10: 861044.
4. Pan C-W, Ramamurthy D, Saw S-M. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia: Prevalence and risk factors for myopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2012; 32: 3-16.
5. Marr JE, Halliwell-Ewen J, Fisher B et al. Associations of high myopia in childhood. Eye (Lond). 2001; 15: 70-4.
6. Pi L-H, Chen L, Liu Q et al. Prevalence of Eye Diseases and Causes of Visual Impairment in School-Aged Children in Western China. J Epidemiol. 2012; 22: 37-44.
7. Camuglia JE, Greer RM, Welch L et al. Use of the electroretinogram in a paediatric hospital: The electroretinogram in children. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2011; 39: 506-12.
8. Jonas DE, Amick HR, Wallace IF et al. Vision Screening in Children Aged 6 Months to 5 Years: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2017; 318: 845.
9. Alvarez-Peregrina C, Sánchez-Tena MÁ, Andreu-Vázquez C et al. Visual Health and Academic Performance in School-Aged Children. IJERPH. 2020; 17: 2346.
10. Epelbaum M, Milleret C, Buisseret P et al. The Sensitive Period for Strabismic Amblyopia in Humans. Ophthalmology. 1993; 100: 323-7.
11. Parness-Yossifon R, Mets MB. The electroretinogram in children. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2008; 19: 398-402.
12. Brodie SE. Tips and tricks for successful electroretinography in children. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2014; 25: 366-73.
13. Robson AG, Frishman LJ, Grigg J et al. ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2022 update). Doc Ophthalmol. 2022; 144: 165-77.
14. Flitcroft DI. Retinal dysfunction and refractive errors: an electrophysiological study of children. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005; 89: 484-8.
15. Atchison DA, Jones CE, Schmid KL et al. Eye Shape in Emmetropia and Myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004; 45: 3380.
16. Panda-Jonas S, Jonas JB, Jonas RA. Photoreceptor density in relation to axial length and retinal location in human eyes. Sci Rep. 2022; 12: 21371.
17. Perlman I, Meyer E, Haim T et al. Retinal function in high refractive error assessed electroretinographically. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984; 68: 79-84.
18. Ikuno Y. Overview Of The Complications Of High Myopia. Retina. 2017; 37: 2347-51.
19. Havens LT, Kingston ACN, Speiser DI. Automated methods for efficient and accurate electroretinography. J Comp Physiol A. 2021; 207: 381-91.
20. Fernandes A, Pinto N, Tuna AR et al. Can pattern electroretinography be a relevant diagnostic aid in amblyopia? – A systematic review. Semin Ophthalmol. 2022; 37: 593-601.
21. Hood DC, Odel JG, Chen CS et al. The Multifocal Electroretinogram. J Neuroophthalmol. 2003; 23: 225-35.
22. Birch DG. Standardized Full-Field Electroretinography: Normal Values and Their Variation With Age. Arch Ophthalmol. 1992; 110: 1571.
23. Marmoy OR, Moinuddin M, Thompson DA. An alternative electroretinography protocol for children: a study of diagnostic agreement and accuracy relative to ISCEV standard electroretinograms. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2022; 100: 322-30.
24. Mulak M, Pieniążek M, Misiuk-Hojło M. Elektrofizjologiczna diagnostyka zaburzeń widzenia w zespołach paranowotworowych. Pol Prz Neurol. 2008; 4: 199-202.
25. Pasmanter N, Petersen‐Jones SM. A review of electroretinography waveforms and models and their application in the dog. Vet Ophthalmol. 2020; 23: 418-35.
26. Harden A, Adams GGW, Taylor DSI. The electroretinogram. Arch Dis Child. 1989; 64: 1080-7.
27. Enthoven CA, Tideman JWL, Polling JR et al. The impact of computer use on myopia development in childhood: The Generation R study. Prev Med. 2020; 132: 105988.
28. Norton TT, Siegwart JT. Light levels, refractive development, and myopia – A speculative review. Exp Eye Res. 2013; 114: 48-57.
29. Saunders KJ. Early refractive development in humans. Sur Ophthalmol. 1995; 40: 207-16.
30. Mets MB, Smith VC, Pokorny J et al. Postnatal retinal development as measured by the electroretinogram in premature infants. Doc Ophthalmol. 1995; 90: 111-27.
31. Fulton AB, Hansen RM. Electroretinogram responses and refractive errors in patients with a history of retinopathy of prematurity. Doc Ophthalmol. 1995; 91: 87-100.
32. Goodman G, Ripps H. Electroretinography in the Differential Diagnosis of Visual Loss in Children. Arch Ophthalmol. 1960; 64: 221-35.
33. Chia A, Li W, Tan D et al. Full-field electroretinogram findings in children in the atropine treatment for myopia (ATOM2) study. Doc Ophthalmol. 2013; 126: 177-86.
34. Wagner RS, Caputo AR, Nelson LB et al. High Hyperopia in Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985; 103: 1507-9.
35. Orosz O, Rajta I, Vajas A et al. Myopia and Late-Onset Progressive Cone Dystrophy Associate to LVAVA/MVAVA Exon 3 Interchange Haplotypes of Opsin Genes on Chromosome X. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2017; 58: 1834.
36. Varma R, Tarczy-Hornoch K, Jiang X. Visual Impairment in Preschool Children in the United States: Demographic and Geographic Variations From 2015 to 2060. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2017; 135: 610.
37. Luu CD, Foulds WS, Tan DTH. Features of the Multifocal Electroretinogram May Predict the Rate of Myopia Progression in Children. Ophthalmology. 2007; 114: 1433-8.