Age related macular degeneration. Part II: therapeutic options – surgical, pharmacological and composite therapies
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Published:
Mar 31, 2015
Keywords:
AMD new therapies, surgery, multitherapy in AMD, glucocorticoids, radiotherapy, plasmapheresis, lentiviruses
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Abstract
Macular degeneration associated with age is a leading cause of central vision loss. The disease process involves macular area of the retina and leads to a significant deterioration of visual acuity and, thus, a quality of life. A patient loses the opportunity to practice their profession, read, watch TV or drive. This condition is significantly associated with aging and degeneration of tissues and usually occurs after age of 50. Pharmaceuticals and other therapeutic approaches were introduced a few years ago and they substantially improved the prognosis for keeping the useful field of vision. The breakthrough discovery was clinically confirmed inhibition endothelial growth factor, causing neovascularization, which resulted in the lack of growth of abnormal vessels and as a result protected not only against the decrease in visual acuity, but even improved this function. It was a real revolution in ophthalmology, which gave patients hope for a full recovery. But is it possible? As practice and researchers’ reports show, struggle to inhibit the progress of the disease continues. Surgical treatment, topical drugs administered systemically, plasmapheresis, virus vector and radiotherapy are examples of the ways to fight to preserve central vision. The therapeutic arsenal is expanding rapidly and gives hope to inhibit the development of the disease.
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Jarmak A. Age related macular degeneration. Part II: therapeutic options – surgical, pharmacological and composite therapies. Ophthatherapy [Internet]. 2015Mar.31 [cited 2024May2];2(1):31-5. Available from: https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/ophthatherapy/article/view/615
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3. Ferrara N, Henzel WJ. Pituitary follicular cells secrete a novel heparin-binding growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989; 161: 851-8.
4. Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med. 2003; 9(6): 669-76.
5. Houck KA, Ferrara N, Winer J et al. The vascular endothelial growth factor family: identification of a fourth molecular species and characterization of alternative splicing of RNA. Mol Endocrinol. 1991; 5: 1806-14.
6. Olsson AK, Dimberg A, Kreuger J et al. VEGF receptor signalling – in control of vascular function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2006; 7(5): 359-71.
7. Sheikpranbabu S, Kalishwaralal K, Venkataraman D et al. Silver nanoparticles inhibit VEGF- and IL-1beta-induced vascular permeability via Src dependent pathway in porcine retinal endothelial cells. J Nanobiotechnology. 2009; 7: 8.
8. Allen WR, Gower S, Wilsher S. Immunohistochemical localization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its two receptors (Flt-I and KDR) in the endometrium and placenta of the mare during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. Reprod Domest Anim. 2007; 42(5): 516-26.
9. Witmer AN, Vrensen GF, Van Noorden CJ et al. Vascular endothelial growth factors and angiogenesis in eye disease. Prog Retin Eye Res. 2003; 22(1): 1-29.
10. Hiroshima K, Ng YS, Zhong L et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A is a survival factor for retinal neurons and a critical neuroprotectant during the adaptive response to ischemic injury. Am J Pathol. 2007; 171(1): 53-67.
11. Ablonczy Z, Crosson CE. VEGF modulation of retinal pigment epithelium resistance. Exp Eye Res. 2007; 85(6): 762-71.
12. Takahashi H, Shibuya M. The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor system and its role under physiological and pathological conditions. Clin Sci (Lond). 2005; 109(3): 227-41.
13. Slomiany MG, Rosenzweig SA. Autocrine effects of IGF-I-induced VEGF and IGFBP-3 secretion in retinal pigment epithelial cell line ARPE-19. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004; 287(3): C746-53.
14. Funatsu H, Noma H, Mimura T et al. Association of vitreous inflammatory factors with diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 2009; 116(1): 73-9.
15. Tsai DC, Charng MJ, Lee FL et al. Different plasma levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide between patients with choroidal and retinal neovascularisation. Ophthalmologica. 2006; 220(4): 246-51.
16. Boulton ME, Cai J, Grant MB. Gamma-Secretase: a multifaceted regulator of angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med. 2008; 12(3): 781-95.
17. Chappelow AV, Kaiser PK. Neovascular age-related macular degeneration: potential therapies. Drugs. 2008; 68(8): 1029-36.
18. Michels S, Schmidt-Erfurth U, Rosenfeld PJ. Promising new treatments for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Expert Opin Investig Drugs. 2006; 15(7): 779-93.
19. Leung E, Landa G. Update on current and future novel therapies for dry age-related macular degeneration. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2013; 6(5): 565-79.
20. Steinbrook R. The price of sight – ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and the treatment of macular degeneration. N Engl J Med. 2006; 355(14): 1409-12.
21. Bakri SJ, Snyder MR, Reid JM et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravitreal ranibizumab (Lucentis). Ophthalmology. 2007; 114(12): 2179-82.
22. Gillies MC, Walton RJ, Arnold JJ et al. Comparison of outcomes from a phase 3 study of age-related macular degeneration with a matched, observational cohort. Ophthalmology. 2014; 121(3): 676-81.
23. Kaiser PK, Blodi BA, Shapiro H et al. MARINA Study Group. Angiographic and optical coherence tomographic results of the MARINA study of ranibizumab in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Ophthalmology. 2007; 114(10): 1868-75.
24. Regillo CD, Brown DM, Abraham P et al. Randomized, double-masked, sham-controlled trial of ranibizumab for neovascular age-related macular degeneration: PIER Study year 1. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008; 145(2): 239-48.
25. Schmidt-Erfurth U, Eldem B, Guymer R et al. Efficacy and safety of monthly versus quarterly ranibizumab treatment in neovascular age-related macular degeneration: the EXCITE study. Ophthalmology. 2011; 118(5): 831-9.
26. Dafer RM, Schneck M, Friberg TR et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab and bevacizumab: a review of risk. Semin Ophthalmol. 2007; 22(3): 201-4.
27. Krzystolik MG, Afshari MA, Adamis AP et al. Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002; 120(3): 338-46.
28. Rosenfeld PJ, Mosfeghi AA, Puliafito CA. Optical coherence tomography findings after an intravitreal injection of bevacizumab (avastin) for neovascular age related macular degeneration. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2005; 36: 331-5.
29. Teper S, Nowińska A, Lyssek-Boroń A et al. Neovascular form of age-related macular degeneration – current management in Poland and in Europe. Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2014; 37(217): 56-60.
30. Lad EM, Hammill BG, Qualls LG et al. Anti-VEGF treatment patterns for neovascular age-related macular degeneration among medicare beneficiaries. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014; 158(3): 537-43.
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