Diagnosis of type 3 macular neovascularization Review article
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Published:
Sep 30, 2021
Keywords:
wet age-related macular degeneration, macular neovascularization, optical coherence tomography angiography, anti-VEGF therapy
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Abstract
Type 3 macular neovascularization is characterized by a complex of pathological vessels located in the sensory retina. Fundus oculi examination reveals intraretinal hemorrhages, macular edema, hard exudates and pigment epithelial detachments. Indocyanine and fluorescein angiography, OCT and angio-OCT are used for diagnosis and treatment monitoring. The treatment efficacy depends on the disease severity and the therapy applied.
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1.
Mędrzycka J, Piotrowicz A, Gołębiewska J, Różycki R. Diagnosis of type 3 macular neovascularization. Ophthatherapy [Internet]. 2021Sep.30 [cited 2024Dec.21];8(3):153-8. Available from: https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/ophthatherapy/article/view/1512
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Diagnostics
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Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
References
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2. Hartnett ME, Weiter JJ, Garsd A et al. Classification of retinal pigment epithelial detachments associated with drusen. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1992; 230(1): 11-9. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00166756.
3. Tsai ASH, Cheung N, Gan ATL et al. Retinal angiomatous proliferation. Surv Ophthalmol. 2017; 62(4): 462-92. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.01.
4. Gołębiewska J, Hautz W. Zastosowanie angio-OCT w diagnostyce i terapii okulistycznej – część I. OphthaTherapy. 2016; 3(3): 161-71.
5. Campa C, Harding S, Pearce I et al. Incidence of neovascularization in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral retinal angiomatous proliferation. Eye. 2010; 24: 1585-9. http://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2010.88.
6. Kałużny JJ, Zabel K, Zabel P. Proliferacje naczyniakowate siatkówki – epidemiologia, obraz kliniczny i leczenie. Okulistyka. 2021: 21-6.
7. Bearelly S, Espinosa-Heidmann DG, Cousins SW. The role of dynamic indocyanine green angiography in the diagnosis and treatment of retinal angiomatous proliferation. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008; 92(2): 191-6.
8. Öztaş Z, Menteş J. Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation: Multimodal Imaging Characteristics and Follow-up with Eye-Tracked Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography of Precursor Lesions. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2018; 48(2): 66-9.
9. Rispoli M, Cennamo G, Di Antonio L et al. Imaging Biomarkers in Exudative AMD. Biomedicines. 2021; 9(6): 668.
10. Querques G, Miere A, Souied EH. Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Features of Type 3 Neovascularization in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Dev Ophthalmol. 2016; 56: 57-61. http://doi.org/10.1159/000442779. Epub 2016.
11. Boscia F, Parodi MB, Furino C et al. Photodynamic therapy with verteporfin for retinal angiomatous proliferation. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2006; 244(10): 1224-32. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-005-0205-2. Epub 2006.
12. Stoffelns BM, Kramann C, Schoepfer K. Laserfotokoagulation und photodynamische Therapie (PDT) zur Behandlung der retinalen angiomatösen Proliferation (RAP) bei feuchter altersabhängiger Makuladegeneration (AMD) [Laser photocoagulation and photodynamic therapy (PDT) with verteporfin for retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD)]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2008; 225(5): 392-6. http://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1027251.
13. Rouvas AA, Papakostas TD, Vavvas D et al. Intravitreal ranibizumab, intravitreal ranibizumab with PDT, and intravitreal triamcinolone with PDT for the treatment of retinal angiomatous proliferation: a prospective study. Retina. 2009; 29(4): 536-44. http://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e318196b1de.
14. Krebs I, Krepler K, Stolba U et al. Retinal angiomatous proliferation: combined therapy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and PDT versus PDT alone. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008; 246(2): 237-43. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-007-0651-0 . Epub 2007.
15. Nakano S, Honda S, Oh H et al. Effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT), posterior subtenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide with PDT, and intravitreal injection of ranibizumab with PDT for retinal angiomatous proliferation. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012; 6: 277-82. http://doi.org/10.2147/OPTH.S29718. Epub 2012.
16. Saito M, Iida T, Kano M. Combined intravitreal ranibizumab and photodynamic therapy for retinal angiomatous proliferation. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012; 153(3): 504-14.e1. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2011.08.038. Epub 2011.
17. Malamos P, Tservakis I, Kanakis M et al. Long-Term Results of Combination Treatment with Single-Dose Ranibizumab plus Photodynamic Therapy for Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation. Ophthalmologica. 2018; 240(4): 213-21. http://doi.org/10.1159/000487610. Epub 2018.
18. Mantel I, Ambresin A, Zografos L. Retinal angiomatous proliferation treated with a combination of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide and photodynamic therapy with verteporfin. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2006; 16(5): 705-10. http://doi.org/10.1177/112067210601600507.
19. Hata M, Yamashiro K, Oishi A et al. Retinal pigment epithelial atrophy after anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections for retinal angiomatous proliferation. Retina. 2017; 37(11): 2069-77. http://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001457.