How sholud cardiologist treat patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)? Review article
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Published:
Sep 30, 2013
Keywords:
AMD – age related macular degeneration, cardiovascular disease, risk factors
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Abstract
AMD shares risk factors with cardiovascular disease. Mechanisms leading to AMD are different from cardiovascular disease. The treatment is also different. Because of that cardiologist should direct patient to ophthalmologist.
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Siński , M., & Skłodowska , A. (2013). How sholud cardiologist treat patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?. Cardiology in Practice, 7(3), 27-30. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/kwp/article/view/1561
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
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References
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2. Fine S.L., Berger J., Maguire M.G. et al.: Age-Related Macular Degeneration. N. Engl. J. Med. 2000; 342: 483-492.
3. Friedman D.S., O’Colmain B.J., Munoz B. et al.: Prevalence of age-related macular degeneration in the United States. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2004; 122: 564-572.
4. Young R.: Pathophysiology of age-related macular degeneration. Sur. Ophthalmol. 1987; 31: 291-306.
5. Sun C., Klein R., Wong J.T.: Age-related macular degeneration and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Ophthalmology 2009; 116: 1913-1919.
6. Tan J.S., Mitchell P., Smith W. et al.: Cardiovascular risk factors and the long-term incidence of age-related macular degeneration: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 1143-1150.
7. Wong T.Y., Tikellis G., Sun C. et al.: Age-related macular degeneration and risk of coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 86-91.
8. Duan Y., Mo J., Klein R. et al.: Age-related macular degeneration is associated with incident myocardial infarction among elderly Americans. Ophthalmology 2007; 114: 732-737.
9. Ikram M.K., Mitchell P., Klein R. et al.: Age-related macular degeneration and long-term risk of stroke subtypes. Stroke 2012; 6: 1681-1683.
10. Mitchell P., Wang J.J., Smith W. et al.: Smoking and the 5-year incidence of age-related maculopathy: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2002; 120: 1357-1363.
11. Tomany S.C., Wang J.J., van Leeuwen R. et al.: Risk factors for incident age-related macular degeneration. Pooled findings from 3 continents. Ophthalmology 2004; 111: 1280-1287.
12. Klein R., Klein B.E., Tomany S.C. et al.: Ten-year incidence of age-related maculopathy and smoking and drinking: the Beaver Dam Eye Study. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2002; 156: 589-598.
13. Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group: Risk factors for the incidence of advanced age-related macular degeneration in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). AREDS report no. 19. Ophthalmology 2005; 112: 533-539.
14. Hyman L., Schachat A.P., He Q. et al.: Hypertension, cardio-vascular disease, and age-related macular degeneration. Arch. Ophthalmol. 2000; 118: 351-358.
15. Klein R., Klein B.E., Tomany S.C. et al.: The association of cardiovascular disease with the long-term incidence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study. Ophthalmology 2003; 110: 1273-1280.
16. Donoso L.A., Kim D., Frost A. et al.: The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Surv. Ophthalmol. 2006; 51: 137-152.
17. Haskard D.O., Boyle J.J., Mason J.C.: The role of complement in atherosclerosis. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 2008; 19: 478-482.
18. Mitta V.P., Christen W.G., Glynn R.J. et al.: C-Reactive Protein and the Incidence of Macular Degeneration: Pooled Analysis of 5 Cohorts. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2013; 7: 1-7.
19. Keilhauer C.N., Fritsche L.G., Guthoff R. et al.: Age-related macular degeneration and coronary heart disease: evaluation of genetic and environmental associations. Eur. J. Med. Genet. 2013; 2: 72-9.
20. Cheung N., Tay W.T., Cheung G.C. et al.: Is aspirin intake associated with early age-related macular degeneration? The Singapore Indian Eye Study. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 2013; 97(6): 785-8.
21. Liew G., Mitchell P., Wong T.Y. et al.: The association of aspirin use with age-related macular degeneration. JAMA Intern. Med. 2013; 173: 258-64.
22. VanderBeek B.L., Zacks D.N., Talwar N. et al.: Role of statins in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration. Retina 2013; 33: 414-22.
23. Tsao S.W., Fong D.S.: Do statins have a role in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration? Drugs Aging 2013; 30: 205-13.