Hypogonadism in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus Review article
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Abstract
Low levels of testosterone are highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and visceral adiposity. Clinical indications suggest an association between testosterone levels and metabolic disorders. In patients with type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome low testosterone is associated with a high prevalence of symptomatic hypogonadism, on the other hand testosterone deficiency may have a negative effect on metabolism, development of insulin resistance. Hypogonadism is defined as a complex of signs and symptoms due to testosterone deficiency or inappropriate productions. Diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms and signs and laboratory measurements. Testosterone replacement therapy is acceptably safe, provided established guidelines adhered to, reduces insulin resistance and improves various metabolic and anthropometric parameters.
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