Coexistence of type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure – no accidental combination Review article
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Published:
Jun 30, 2020
Keywords:
heart failure, diabetes, glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, pharmacotherapy, obesity
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Abstract
In recent years increased number of patients in whom coexist type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure. This coexistence has a very negative impact on the patients’ prognosis and requires from doctors careful planning of therapy, which takes into account the patient’s condition, including the presence of other diseases. Particular attention should be paid to the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease. This disease affects the dosage and effect of many drugs. An important aspect of therapy is the increased risk of hypoglycemia. It should also be remembered that the goals of therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure are slightly different than in the general population. ESC recommended type 2 diabetes therapy for patients with at increased risk of developing heart failure is a new group of hypoglycemic drugs that inhibit SGLT-2 (empagliflozin, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin). This group reduce the frequency of hospitalization due to heart failure by 32–35%. In patients with already existing failure and diabetes, the treatment methods do not differ from those used in the non-type 2 diabetes population.
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Załuska , R., & Grabowski , M. (2020). Coexistence of type 2 diabetes and chronic heart failure – no accidental combination. Cardiology in Practice, 14(1-2), 45-51. Retrieved from https://journalsmededu.pl/index.php/kwp/article/view/1175
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Metabolic medicine
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Copyright: © Medical Education sp. z o.o. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.
Address reprint requests to: Medical Education, Marcin Kuźma (marcin.kuzma@mededu.pl)
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2. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators [published correction appears in Lancet. 2017; 389: e1]. Lancet. 2016; 388(10053): 1545-602. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6.
3. From AM, Leibson CL, Bursi F et al. Diabetes in heart failure: prevalence and impact on outcome in the population. Am J Med. 2006; 119(7): 591-9. http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.amjmed.2006.05.024.
4. Shindler DM, Kostis JB, Yusuf S et al. Diabetes mellitus, a predictor of morbidity and mortality in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) trials and registry. Am J Cardiol. 1996; 77(11): 1017-20.
5. Cleland JG, Swedberg K, Follath F et al. The EuroHeart Failure survey programme: a survey on the quality of care among patients with heart failure in Europe, part 1: patient characteristics and diagnosis. Eur Heart J. 2003; 249(5): 442-63.
6. Dei Cas A, Fonarow GC, Gheorghiade M et al. Concomitant diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2015; 40(1): 7-43. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2014.09.002.
7. Sandesara PB, O’Neal WT, Kelli HM et al. The prognostic significance of diabetes and microvascular complications in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Diabetes Care. 2018; 41: 150-5. http://doi.org/10.2337/dc17-0755.
8. Nichols GA, Gullion CM, Koro CE et al. The incidence of congestive heart failure in type 2 diabetes: an update. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(8): 1879-84.
9. Bertoni AG, Hundley WG, Massing MW et al. Heart failure prevalence, incidence, and mortality in the elderly with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(3): 699-703.
10. Boonman-de Winter LJ, Rutten FH, Cramer MJ et al. High prevalence of previously unknown heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2012; 55(8): 2154-62. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-012-2579-0.
11. Thrainsdottir IS, Aspelund T, Thorgeirsson G et al. The association between glucose abnormalities and heart failure in the population-based Reykjavik study. Diabetes Care. 2005; 28(3): 612-6.
12. van Melle JP, Bot M, de Jonge P et al. Diabetes, glycemic control, and new-onset heart failure in patients with stable coronary artery disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Diabetes Care. 2010; 33(9): 2084-9. http://doi.org/10.2337/dc10-0286.
13. Iribarren C, Karter AJ, Go AS et al. Glycemic control and heart failure among adult patients with diabetes. Circulation. 2001; 103(22): 2668-73.
14. Pazin-Filho A, Kottgen A, Bertoni AG et al. HbA1c as a risk factor for heart failure in persons with diabetes: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Diabetologia. 2008; 51(12): 2197-204. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-008-1164-z.
15. Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HA et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000; 321(7258): 405-12.
16. Bibbins-Domingo K, Lin F, Vittinghoff E et al. Predictors of heart failure among women with coronary disease. Circulation. 2004; 110: 1424-30. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR. 0000141726.01302.83.
17. Scirica BM, Braunwald E, Raz I et al. Heart failure, saxagliptin, and diabetes mellitus: observations from the SAVOR-TIMI 53 randomized trial [published correction appears in Circulation. 2015;132:e198]. Circulation. 2014; 130(18): 1579-88. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.010389.
18. Devereux RB, Roman MJ, Paranicas M et al. Impact of diabetes on cardiac structure and function: the Strong Heart Study. Circulation. 2000; 101(19): 2271-6.
19. Galderisi M. Diastolic dysfunction and diabetic cardiomyopathy: evaluation by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 48(8): 1548-51. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.07.033.
20. Palmieri V, Bella JN, Arnett DK et al. Effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus on left ventricular geometry and systolic function in hypertensive subjects: Hypertension Genetic Epidemiology Network (HyperGEN) study. Circulation. 2001; 103(1): 102-7.
21. Rutter MK, Parise H, Benjamin EJ et al. Impact of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance on cardiac structure and function: sex-related differences in the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2003; 107(3): 448-54.
22. From AM, Scott CG, Chen HH. The development of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus and pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction a population-based study [published correction appears in J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 56: 1612]. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010; 55(4): 300-5. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.12.003.
23. Swoboda PP, McDiarmid AK, Erhayiem B et al. Diabetes mellitus, microalbuminuria, and subclinical cardiac disease: identification and monitoring of individuals at risk of heart failure. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017; 6(7): e005539. http://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.117.005539.
24. Wang TJ, Evans JC, Benjamin EJ et al. Natural history of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction in the community. Circulation. 2003; 108(8): 977-82. http://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.0000085166.44904.79.
25. Wang TJ, Levy D, Benjamin EJ et al. The epidemiology of “asymptomatic” left ventricular systolic dysfunction: implications for screening. Ann Intern Med. 2003; 138(11): 907-16.
26. Paolillo S, Rengo G, Pellegrino T et al. Insulin resistance is associated with impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation in patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2015; 16(10): 1148-53. http://doi.org/10.1093/ehjci/jev061.
27. Fang ZY, Yuda S, Anderson V et al. Echocardiographic detection of early diabetic myocardial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003; 41(4): 611-17.
28. Dunlay SM, Redfield MM, Weston SA et al. Hospitalizations after heart failure diagnosis: a community perspective. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54(18): 1695-702. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.08.019.
29. Chaudhry SI, McAvay G, Chen S et al. Risk factors for hospital admission among older persons with newly diagnosed heart failure: findings from the Cardiovascular Health Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013; 61(6): 635-42. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2012.11.027.
30. Lawson CA, Jones PW, Teece L et al. Association between type 2 diabetes and all-cause hospitalization and mortality in the UK general heart failure population: stratification by diabetic glycemic control and medication intensification. JACC Heart Fail. 2018; 6(1): 18-26. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchf.2017.08.020.
31. Castagno D, Baird-Gunning J, Jhund PS et al. Intensive glycemic control has no impact on the risk of heart failure in type 2 diabetic patients: evidence from a 37,229 patient meta-analysis. Am Heart J. 2011; 162(5): 938-48.e2. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2011.07.030.
32. Elder DH, Singh JS, Levin D et al. Mean HbA1c and mortality in diabetic individuals with heart failure: a population cohort study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016; 18(1): 94-102. http://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.455.
33. Selvin E, Rawlings AM, Lutsey PL et al. Fructosamine and glycated albumin and the risk of cardiovascular outcomes and death. Circulation. 2015; 132(4): 269-77. http://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015415.
34. Aguilar D, Bozkurt B, Ramasubbu K et al. Relationship of hemoglobin A1C and mortality in heart failure patients with diabetes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54(5): 422-8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2009.04.049.
35. Eshaghian S, Horwich TB, Fonarow GC. An unexpected inverse relationship between HbA1c levels and mortality in patients with diabetes and advanced systolic heart failure. Am Heart J. 2006; 151(1): 91. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2005.10.008.
36. Zinman B, Wanner C, Lachin JM et al. Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2015; 373(22): 2117-28.
37. Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Perkovic V et al. Canagliflozin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: results from the CANVAS program (Canagliflozin Cardiovascular Assessment Study). Circulation. 2018; 137(4): 323-34.
38. Wiviott SD, Raz I, Bonaca MP et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2019; 380(4): 347-57.
39. Vermes E, Ducharme A, Bourassa MG et al. Enalapril reduces the incidence of diabetes in patients with chronic heart failure: insight from the Studies Of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD). Circulation. 2003; 107(9): 1291-6.
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